This annotated bibliography contains summaries of 8 sources related to water usage and sustainability in the western United States. Source #6 estimates water usage in the US in 2005, finding withdrawals of 410 billion gallons per day, with decreases in groundwater and surface water withdrawals since 1980 except for public supply and domestic uses. Source #7 discusses the argument that individual green actions will not make a meaningful difference on their own and need to be taken at an industrial scale. Source #8 discusses laws, compacts and criteria governing use of Colorado River water in Nevada, Arizona and California.

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Ashley Hyde
Jessica Frogley
English 2010
Annotated Bibliography
1. Arrandale, Tom. “National Parks Under Pressure.” CQ Researcher, 6 Oct. 2006: 817-40. CQ
Researcher. Web. 4 Sep. 2011
In his October report in 2006, Tom Arrandale covers the topic of Yellowstone National
Park having to cut funds for one of the most celebrated biological experiments on wildlife in
national parks. Wolf project manager must raise $250,000 a year from private foundations and
business to place radio collars on the wolves that live in the national parks. For the past several
presidential administrations, the park services have not received the funding that would be
needed to do the three things national parks were created to do.
1. provide a quality visitor experience
2. protect resources for the future
3. have a productive relationship with the park interest groups.
After reading this report I do not consider it a good resource for my report. Although the
topic is very interesting and concerning to me it in no way plays into the topic in which I will be
covering in my report. This report was done over six years ago, hopefully the funding for the
research is more directly funded.
2. Weeks, Jennifer. “Water Shortages.” CQ Researcher, 18 June 2010: 529-52. CQ Researcher.
Web 4 Sept 2011
In her report in June of 2010, Jennifer Weeks states “humans cannot create or destroy
water, but they can make it unusable.” Also that americans use more than 140 million gallons of
water per day. Nearly half is consumed by electronic power plants to make steam to drive and
cool generators. Irrigation of crops so the second largest use of water. As you can tell energy
productions and agriculture far outweigh all other demands, including public water supply and
direct industrial uses. Weeks also states that water levels have fallen as much as two-thirds in
Lake Powell, due to sever droughts in the western states.

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This is a very interesting article to have come across. The article covers everything from
local to national water issues. This is a recently published article that covers current topic that
are a big issues in our daily lives. The article also cover topics that hit close to home here in
Utah not just the United States in a whole. I will be using this information in my research paper.
3. Kling, Catherine,. Wilen, James E,. Weinberg, Marca. “Water Marks and Water Quality.”
JSTOR, Vol. 75. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, May 1993. Web. 5 Dec
2011
In there publication in American Journal of Agricultural Economic the authors state that
economist has proposed the introduction to water marks to improve the allocative efficiency of
water use. Water markets may reduce irrigation-related water quality problems. This potential
benefit is examined with a nonlinear programming model developed to simulate agricultural
decision-making in a drainage problem area in California's San Joaquin Valley. Results indicate
that a 30% drainage goal is achievable through improvements in irrigation practices and changes
in cropping patterns induced by a water market. Although water markets will not generally
achieve a least-cost solution, they may be a practical alternative to economically efficient, but
informationally intensive, environmental policies such as Pigouvian taxes.
This journal entry was very helpful to me in the research process for the report. The
information found was current and clear to the proper region in the Untied States where I can use
the information through ought the report.
4. Stout, Linda. “Collective Visioning: How Groups Can Work Together For a Just and
Sustainable Future.” Masterfile Premier, Futurist 45.5, 2011. Web. 4 Sep. 2011
In her book published in 2011 titled, “Collective Visioning: How Groups Can Work
Together For a Just and Sustainable Future.” Linda Stout makes valid implications on visions for
our future. And how the power of people working together to achieve a vision and make a
dramatic difference. She makes points if people focus on what they want in their community to
be rather than its problems that need to solved. It gives the people a new way of approaching

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problems, meanwhile learning how to be more sustainable using facebook and other networking
tools.
I enjoyed reading this short article out of Linda’s book. It covers many close topics in my
report but I do not consider it strong enough to be reliable source of information. she mentions
the use of social networking sites as a way of communicating new visions of a sustainable future.
I do not have a facebook, we will have to see what else there is.
5. Cooper, Mary H. “Population and the Environment.” CQ Researcher. 17 July 1998. Web. 12
Sept 2011
In the 1998 report Mary Cooper covers the topics of population and the environment and
the growth through ought the world. This report covers an essay written by Thomas Robert
Mathis, which states that humans reproduce raster than the resources we need to stay alive.
More recently global population has mushroomed, growing from 1.6 billion to almost 6 billion in
the 21 century alone. This reports also covers William Gadwins successors who say that the
more people on earth humans will discover new ways to survive.
Although this was a very interesting and debatable report, I will not be using it in my
research paper. The information is too broad. It cover the earths population and the
environments. I am looking for information on just the Western United States and the
sustainability of water resources.
6. Kenny, J.F., Barber, N.L., Hutson, S.S., Linsey, K.S., Lovelace, J.K., and Maupin, M.A.,
“Estimated use of water in the United States in 2005” U.S. Geological Survey Circular.
1344, 52 p. Web. 8 Dec. 2011
This report estimates water use in the United States indicate that about 410 billion gallons
per day (Bgal/d) were withdrawn in 2005 for all categories summarized in this report. The total is
slightly less than the estimate for 2000. About 5 percent less than total withdrawals in the peak
year of 1980. Fresh groundwater withdrawals of 79.6 Bgal/day in 2005 were about 5 percent
less than in 2000, and fresh surface-water withdrawals of 270 Bgal/day were about the same as
in 2000. Withdrawals for thermoelectric-power generation and irrigation, the two largest uses of
water, have stabilized or decreased since 1980. Withdrawals for public-supply and domestic uses
have increased steadily since estimates began.

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This report was a great deal of help to me. I will be using it in my report due to the fact
that is a reliable source of information about water usages in the United States. If gives my
audience a better perspective of where out water goes.
7. Garvey, James. “Climate Change and the Casual Inefficacy: Why Go Green When it Makes
No Difference?” EBSCOHOST. Web. 12 Oct. 2011
In this article James claims that a single individual making a green choice will make no
difference in our world. Claiming that it is a teeny effect and will not matter a bit. He usses a
moral obligation attitude that what is done to this planet is done. We see the effects everyday, in
our gardens with our growing seasons and our water levels. It prompt people to take action but
the action needs to be taken by the industrialization of America.
I will be using this information in my position paper. It gives a great amount of detail to a
position on why it could not matter if people go green at all. People as individuals can/cannot
make a difference.
8. Colleen Dwyer, U.S Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation. 2005 March. Web. 8
Dec. 2011
This web site currently reports that in Nevada, Arizona, and California, the use and
distribution of Colorado River water is subject to laws, judicial rulings and decrees, contracts,
interstate compacts and operating criteria. The "Law of the River," apportion available water
between the western states and can establish certain priorities in use.
This is a very good website for information on the water in the western states surrounding
Colorado. Using the Colorado River Basin as a focus point for water replenishment for the
surrounding cities. I will be using this website for information in my papers.