The document discusses the C programming language. It notes that C is commonly used for embedded systems as it produces efficient code and is portable across processors. The history of C is covered, tracing its origins from BCPL in the late 1960s/early 1970s at Bell Labs alongside the development of Unix. Examples of C code are provided, including a "Hello World" program and Euclid's algorithm, to demonstrate basic C syntax and features like functions, variables, expressions, and data types.
Return-oriented programming (ROP) allows executing code on systems with non-executable pages by chaining together small "gadgets" from existing code. The document describes algorithms for automatically finding gadgets in binaries and chaining them to form payloads. It also introduces a ROP compiler called "The Wolf" that uses a simple language and the STP theorem prover to generate payloads by satisfying constraints from gadgets. Future work includes supporting more platforms and improving flexibility in the presence of ASLR.
Presentation on native interfaces for the R programming language given as part of a course in advanced R programming at FHCRC:
https://secure.bioconductor.org/SeattleMay10/
This document discusses garbage collection techniques for automatically reclaiming memory from unused objects. It describes several garbage collection algorithms including reference counting, mark-and-sweep, and copying collection. It also covers optimizations like generational collection which focuses collection on younger object generations. The goal of garbage collection is to promote memory safety and management while allowing for automatic reclamation of memory from objects that are no longer reachable.
A minimal collection of most wanted and widely accepted idioms and coding conventions for C++ development presented with examples and explanations. The lecture targets performance oriented codes so emphasis is on performance-friendly techiques.
Topics covered:
1) Design issues: idioms and best practices
- Resource Aquisition Is Initialization (RAII)
- Ownership semantics and smart pointers
- Header files: dependencies and decoupling
2) Objects Construction/Destruction/Copying
- Designing constructors
- Rule Of Three
- Transactional programming
3) Namespaces
- ADL/Koenig Lookup
4) Static analyzers
Course lecture - An introduction to the Return Oriented ProgrammingJonathan Salwan
This document provides an introduction and overview of Return Oriented Programming (ROP). It discusses classical stack overflow attacks and the mitigations put in place like Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) and No eXecute (NX) bit. It then introduces ROP as a technique to bypass these mitigations by chaining small snippets of existing code, called gadgets, to perform malicious tasks without injecting code. Several tools for finding gadgets are presented, and an example exploitation of the CVE-2011-1938 vulnerability is discussed to demonstrate ROP in practice. The document concludes with discussing mitigations against ROP and some related research topics.
The document discusses different storage classes in C++ including automatic, external, static, register, and mutable. It provides the syntax and examples of each:
- Automatic variables are declared with auto and have function block scope and lifetime.
- External variables use extern and have whole program global visibility.
- Static variables are declared with static and have whole program lifetime but local visibility.
- Register variables are intended for fast access and declared with register but storage is implementation-defined.
- Mutable variables allow changing class member values in const member functions and are declared with mutable.
The document discusses memory management concepts in C++ such as storage duration of objects, memory segmentation, dynamic objects, and memory leaks. It explains that objects can have automatic, dynamic, static, or thread-local storage duration. Dynamic objects are created using new and persist until explicitly deleted, while automatic objects are destroyed at the end of the block they are defined in. Memory for a process is divided into code, data, heap, and stack segments. The heap stores dynamic objects created with new. Memory leaks can occur if dynamic objects are not deleted before their pointer variables go out of scope.
Return-oriented programming (ROP) allows executing code on systems with non-executable pages by chaining together small "gadgets" from existing code. The document describes algorithms for automatically finding gadgets in binaries and chaining them to form payloads. It also introduces a ROP compiler called "The Wolf" that uses a simple language and the STP theorem prover to generate payloads by satisfying constraints from gadgets. Future work includes supporting more platforms and improving flexibility in the presence of ASLR.
Presentation on native interfaces for the R programming language given as part of a course in advanced R programming at FHCRC:
https://secure.bioconductor.org/SeattleMay10/
This document discusses garbage collection techniques for automatically reclaiming memory from unused objects. It describes several garbage collection algorithms including reference counting, mark-and-sweep, and copying collection. It also covers optimizations like generational collection which focuses collection on younger object generations. The goal of garbage collection is to promote memory safety and management while allowing for automatic reclamation of memory from objects that are no longer reachable.
A minimal collection of most wanted and widely accepted idioms and coding conventions for C++ development presented with examples and explanations. The lecture targets performance oriented codes so emphasis is on performance-friendly techiques.
Topics covered:
1) Design issues: idioms and best practices
- Resource Aquisition Is Initialization (RAII)
- Ownership semantics and smart pointers
- Header files: dependencies and decoupling
2) Objects Construction/Destruction/Copying
- Designing constructors
- Rule Of Three
- Transactional programming
3) Namespaces
- ADL/Koenig Lookup
4) Static analyzers
Course lecture - An introduction to the Return Oriented ProgrammingJonathan Salwan
This document provides an introduction and overview of Return Oriented Programming (ROP). It discusses classical stack overflow attacks and the mitigations put in place like Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) and No eXecute (NX) bit. It then introduces ROP as a technique to bypass these mitigations by chaining small snippets of existing code, called gadgets, to perform malicious tasks without injecting code. Several tools for finding gadgets are presented, and an example exploitation of the CVE-2011-1938 vulnerability is discussed to demonstrate ROP in practice. The document concludes with discussing mitigations against ROP and some related research topics.
The document discusses different storage classes in C++ including automatic, external, static, register, and mutable. It provides the syntax and examples of each:
- Automatic variables are declared with auto and have function block scope and lifetime.
- External variables use extern and have whole program global visibility.
- Static variables are declared with static and have whole program lifetime but local visibility.
- Register variables are intended for fast access and declared with register but storage is implementation-defined.
- Mutable variables allow changing class member values in const member functions and are declared with mutable.
The document discusses memory management concepts in C++ such as storage duration of objects, memory segmentation, dynamic objects, and memory leaks. It explains that objects can have automatic, dynamic, static, or thread-local storage duration. Dynamic objects are created using new and persist until explicitly deleted, while automatic objects are destroyed at the end of the block they are defined in. Memory for a process is divided into code, data, heap, and stack segments. The heap stores dynamic objects created with new. Memory leaks can occur if dynamic objects are not deleted before their pointer variables go out of scope.
The document appears to be a block of random letters with no discernible meaning or purpose. It consists of a series of letters without any punctuation, formatting, or other signs of structure that would indicate it is meant to convey any information. The document does not provide any essential information that could be summarized.
Есть много причин заниматься конверсией управляемых языков в нативные: это прежде всего производительность, но также защита от реверс-инжиниринга, поддержка аппаратных технологий или каких-то специфичных платформ. В этом докладе мы посмотрим на пример построения конвертера из C# в C++ и те нюансы, которые встречаются при решении этой задачи
The C++ Standard Library provides functions for common tasks like math, strings, I/O, and more. It includes header files that replace older C-style headers. Key headers include <iostream> for I/O, <cmath> for math functions, and <cctype> for character functions. Functions cover tasks from calculating sines and cosines to converting cases and checking digit/letter types. The Standard Library makes programming easier by providing these useful and necessary capabilities.
C++11 introduced several new features for functions and lambdas including:
1. Lambda expressions that allow the definition of anonymous inline functions.
2. The std::function wrapper that allows functions and lambdas to be used interchangeably.
3. std::bind that binds arguments to function parameters for creating function objects.
These features improved support for functional programming patterns in C++.
This document discusses return-oriented programming (ROP) attacks and variants. It begins with an introduction to ROP attacks, explaining that they circumvent data execution prevention by chaining small snippets of executable code (called gadgets) that end in return instructions. It then covers different ROP attack techniques like using arithmetic, comparison, and loop gadgets to achieve Turing completeness. The document discusses challenges like handling null bytes and describes variants like jump-oriented programming (JOP) that uses indirect jumps. It also covers creating alphanumeric ROP shellcode by selecting printable addresses. In the end, it provides tips for effectively searching gadgets.
OpenCL is a framework for writing programs that execute across heterogeneous platforms consisting of CPUs, GPUs, and other processors. It uses a data-parallel programming model where the same program code, known as a kernel, is executed over multiple processing elements. OpenCL provides abstractions for platform setup, memory management, kernel execution and synchronization. Programs are compiled at runtime for different devices. This allows writing portable code that can leverage multiple processors to accelerate computationally intensive applications.
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in operating systems, including subroutine linkage, thread linkage, input/output, and dynamic storage allocation. It discusses subroutine linkage on Intel x86 and SPARC architectures, including how stack frames are used. It also covers the implementation of threads using control blocks and stacks for each thread context. Finally, it discusses input/output architectures and system calls.
The document discusses how JavaScript engines work under the hood to execute code. It explains that engines first tokenize and parse code into an abstract syntax tree. Variables are then located in memory and their values retrieved, which can involve lookups in objects or arrays. Values are boxed and typed for operations, which engines try to optimize through just-in-time compilation by tracking types. Operations are performed and results are stored, with garbage collection maintaining memory. Future ECMAScript changes may impact these processes. The conclusion advocates type safety, dense arrays, and avoiding operations requiring repeated coercion.
Fun with Lambdas: C++14 Style (part 1)Sumant Tambe
If virtual functions in C++ imply design patterns, then C++ lambdas imply what? What does it really mean to have lambdas in C++? Frankly, I don't know but I've a hunch: It's BIG.
Just like virtual functions open doors to the OO paradigm, lambdas open doors to a different paradigm--the functional paradigm. This talk is not a praise of functional programming or some elusive lambda-based library. (Although, I'll mention one briefly that tops my list these days.) Instead, the goal is to have fun while working our way through some mind-bending examples of C++14 lambdas. Beware, your brain will hurt! Bring your laptop and code the examples right along because that may be the fastest way to answer the quiz.
A look at a modern programming language and how it can enhance the productivity and workflow of developers while promising higher execution performance. We will be talking about metaprogramming, functional programming and type systems in a pragmatic way mixed with some examples from `vibe.d` web framework.
By Yazan Dabain - Senior System Engineer, Arabia Weather
Compiler Construction | Lecture 15 | Memory ManagementEelco Visser
The document discusses different memory management techniques:
1. Reference counting counts the number of pointers to each record and deallocates records with a count of 0.
2. Mark and sweep marks all reachable records from program roots and sweeps unmarked records, adding them to a free list.
3. Copying collection copies reachable records to a "to" space, allowing the original "from" space to be freed without fragmentation.
4. Generational collection focuses collection on younger object generations more frequently to improve efficiency.
The D Programming Language - Why I love it!ryutenchi
D is a systems programming language that combines the power of C and C++ with the productivity of languages like Ruby and Python. It is statically typed, compiles to machine code, and has garbage collection. D focuses on quality assurance, documentation, portability, and reliability. It is object oriented but does not force the object oriented paradigm. Key features include templates, slices, strings, threads, modules, and cross-platform support.
1) Template metaprogramming allows performing computations at compile time using templates.
2) In 1994, Erwin Unruh discovered template metaprogramming accidentally when his program calculated the first 30 prime numbers as part of a compiler error message.
3) Template metaprogramming is Turing complete and can be used to implement recursive functions and algorithms that execute at compile time rather than run time.
2018 cosup-delete unused python code safely - englishJen Yee Hong
The talk is about doing cleanup and refactor for legacy Python code base in a safer way. I introduced several existing tools for this task and demonstrated how (surprisingly) Python ast module can also help in this case.
中文摘要:
不管是 open source 專案還是工作上,經過長時間開發累積,source code 內可能會殘留許多不再需要的 code,造成維護以及 refactor 的困難,也造成新手 trace code 時的障礙。
對 C/C++ 這類編譯式語言來說,開啟編譯器最佳化能自動清除 dead code,但對於 Python 這類動態語言,則沒有公認完美的方法。
本議程分享一些相關經驗,佐以利用 Python AST 的簡易自製工具,討論如何從較複雜的 python source tree 中,安全的清除不再需要的 code。
Code: https://github.com/PCMan/python-find-unused-func
Luke Do is half Vietnamese, a quarter Japanese, and a quarter English and Irish. Finding a bone marrow donor for someone of mixed race like Luke is very difficult due to his unique genetic makeup. His father and mother held donor drives in hopes of finding a match. Eventually a potential donor, Randy Yamanaka, was identified who was a five out of six match. Luke received a successful bone marrow transplant from Yamanaka and has now triumphed past the five year mark of being cured. However, mixed race individuals still only make up a small portion of the bone marrow registry, making it hard for others to find matches.
Charles B. Wang Community Health Center (CBWCHC) in New York City responded to the September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. The attacks had lasting mental health and financial impacts on residents of Chinatown. CBWCHC dealt with these effects by providing mental health counseling and financial assistance programs. Through this experience, CBWCHC learned the importance of being prepared to address both physical and mental health needs during emergencies, as well as coordinating with local partners.
This document discusses location-based services in Android apps. It explains how to use the Location object to get location data like latitude, longitude, accuracy, etc. It also describes how to get the current location, periodic location updates, and display addresses using APIs. Key aspects covered are implementing connection callbacks, location listeners, setting quality of service parameters, and performing address lookups in an asynchronous task. The document ends with an example demonstrating how to integrate location services in an Android app.
The document appears to be a block of random letters with no discernible meaning or purpose. It consists of a series of letters without any punctuation, formatting, or other signs of structure that would indicate it is meant to convey any information. The document does not provide any essential information that could be summarized.
Есть много причин заниматься конверсией управляемых языков в нативные: это прежде всего производительность, но также защита от реверс-инжиниринга, поддержка аппаратных технологий или каких-то специфичных платформ. В этом докладе мы посмотрим на пример построения конвертера из C# в C++ и те нюансы, которые встречаются при решении этой задачи
The C++ Standard Library provides functions for common tasks like math, strings, I/O, and more. It includes header files that replace older C-style headers. Key headers include <iostream> for I/O, <cmath> for math functions, and <cctype> for character functions. Functions cover tasks from calculating sines and cosines to converting cases and checking digit/letter types. The Standard Library makes programming easier by providing these useful and necessary capabilities.
C++11 introduced several new features for functions and lambdas including:
1. Lambda expressions that allow the definition of anonymous inline functions.
2. The std::function wrapper that allows functions and lambdas to be used interchangeably.
3. std::bind that binds arguments to function parameters for creating function objects.
These features improved support for functional programming patterns in C++.
This document discusses return-oriented programming (ROP) attacks and variants. It begins with an introduction to ROP attacks, explaining that they circumvent data execution prevention by chaining small snippets of executable code (called gadgets) that end in return instructions. It then covers different ROP attack techniques like using arithmetic, comparison, and loop gadgets to achieve Turing completeness. The document discusses challenges like handling null bytes and describes variants like jump-oriented programming (JOP) that uses indirect jumps. It also covers creating alphanumeric ROP shellcode by selecting printable addresses. In the end, it provides tips for effectively searching gadgets.
OpenCL is a framework for writing programs that execute across heterogeneous platforms consisting of CPUs, GPUs, and other processors. It uses a data-parallel programming model where the same program code, known as a kernel, is executed over multiple processing elements. OpenCL provides abstractions for platform setup, memory management, kernel execution and synchronization. Programs are compiled at runtime for different devices. This allows writing portable code that can leverage multiple processors to accelerate computationally intensive applications.
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in operating systems, including subroutine linkage, thread linkage, input/output, and dynamic storage allocation. It discusses subroutine linkage on Intel x86 and SPARC architectures, including how stack frames are used. It also covers the implementation of threads using control blocks and stacks for each thread context. Finally, it discusses input/output architectures and system calls.
The document discusses how JavaScript engines work under the hood to execute code. It explains that engines first tokenize and parse code into an abstract syntax tree. Variables are then located in memory and their values retrieved, which can involve lookups in objects or arrays. Values are boxed and typed for operations, which engines try to optimize through just-in-time compilation by tracking types. Operations are performed and results are stored, with garbage collection maintaining memory. Future ECMAScript changes may impact these processes. The conclusion advocates type safety, dense arrays, and avoiding operations requiring repeated coercion.
Fun with Lambdas: C++14 Style (part 1)Sumant Tambe
If virtual functions in C++ imply design patterns, then C++ lambdas imply what? What does it really mean to have lambdas in C++? Frankly, I don't know but I've a hunch: It's BIG.
Just like virtual functions open doors to the OO paradigm, lambdas open doors to a different paradigm--the functional paradigm. This talk is not a praise of functional programming or some elusive lambda-based library. (Although, I'll mention one briefly that tops my list these days.) Instead, the goal is to have fun while working our way through some mind-bending examples of C++14 lambdas. Beware, your brain will hurt! Bring your laptop and code the examples right along because that may be the fastest way to answer the quiz.
A look at a modern programming language and how it can enhance the productivity and workflow of developers while promising higher execution performance. We will be talking about metaprogramming, functional programming and type systems in a pragmatic way mixed with some examples from `vibe.d` web framework.
By Yazan Dabain - Senior System Engineer, Arabia Weather
Compiler Construction | Lecture 15 | Memory ManagementEelco Visser
The document discusses different memory management techniques:
1. Reference counting counts the number of pointers to each record and deallocates records with a count of 0.
2. Mark and sweep marks all reachable records from program roots and sweeps unmarked records, adding them to a free list.
3. Copying collection copies reachable records to a "to" space, allowing the original "from" space to be freed without fragmentation.
4. Generational collection focuses collection on younger object generations more frequently to improve efficiency.
The D Programming Language - Why I love it!ryutenchi
D is a systems programming language that combines the power of C and C++ with the productivity of languages like Ruby and Python. It is statically typed, compiles to machine code, and has garbage collection. D focuses on quality assurance, documentation, portability, and reliability. It is object oriented but does not force the object oriented paradigm. Key features include templates, slices, strings, threads, modules, and cross-platform support.
1) Template metaprogramming allows performing computations at compile time using templates.
2) In 1994, Erwin Unruh discovered template metaprogramming accidentally when his program calculated the first 30 prime numbers as part of a compiler error message.
3) Template metaprogramming is Turing complete and can be used to implement recursive functions and algorithms that execute at compile time rather than run time.
2018 cosup-delete unused python code safely - englishJen Yee Hong
The talk is about doing cleanup and refactor for legacy Python code base in a safer way. I introduced several existing tools for this task and demonstrated how (surprisingly) Python ast module can also help in this case.
中文摘要:
不管是 open source 專案還是工作上,經過長時間開發累積,source code 內可能會殘留許多不再需要的 code,造成維護以及 refactor 的困難,也造成新手 trace code 時的障礙。
對 C/C++ 這類編譯式語言來說,開啟編譯器最佳化能自動清除 dead code,但對於 Python 這類動態語言,則沒有公認完美的方法。
本議程分享一些相關經驗,佐以利用 Python AST 的簡易自製工具,討論如何從較複雜的 python source tree 中,安全的清除不再需要的 code。
Code: https://github.com/PCMan/python-find-unused-func
Luke Do is half Vietnamese, a quarter Japanese, and a quarter English and Irish. Finding a bone marrow donor for someone of mixed race like Luke is very difficult due to his unique genetic makeup. His father and mother held donor drives in hopes of finding a match. Eventually a potential donor, Randy Yamanaka, was identified who was a five out of six match. Luke received a successful bone marrow transplant from Yamanaka and has now triumphed past the five year mark of being cured. However, mixed race individuals still only make up a small portion of the bone marrow registry, making it hard for others to find matches.
Charles B. Wang Community Health Center (CBWCHC) in New York City responded to the September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. The attacks had lasting mental health and financial impacts on residents of Chinatown. CBWCHC dealt with these effects by providing mental health counseling and financial assistance programs. Through this experience, CBWCHC learned the importance of being prepared to address both physical and mental health needs during emergencies, as well as coordinating with local partners.
This document discusses location-based services in Android apps. It explains how to use the Location object to get location data like latitude, longitude, accuracy, etc. It also describes how to get the current location, periodic location updates, and display addresses using APIs. Key aspects covered are implementing connection callbacks, location listeners, setting quality of service parameters, and performing address lookups in an asynchronous task. The document ends with an example demonstrating how to integrate location services in an Android app.
“Impact of packaging on consumer buying behavior"Bhavik Parmar
This document provides a summary of the history and development of packaging. It discusses ancient packaging methods using natural materials and traces the evolution of packaging through modern developments like tinning, canning, and the use of materials like glass, metal, paper, and plastics. Key developments discussed include the first use of paper for packaging in 1035, tinning and canning processes in the 18th-19th centuries, the invention of corrugated cardboard in 1856, and the rise of plastic packaging following World War 2. The document also provides brief overviews of the history of glass and plastic packaging.
This document provides information about Gi-Fi technology through a seminar report. It begins with an acknowledgment section thanking various people for their support and contributions. It then includes an introduction outlining why Gi-Fi was introduced as an improvement over existing wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth that have slower speeds and higher power consumption. The main body of the report describes what Gi-Fi is, its architecture, how it works at 60GHz using time-division duplexing, and its key advantages like speeds of 5Gbps, low power consumption, high security, low cost and small size. Features of the IEEE 802.15.3C standard are also summarized.
The document describes an airline reservation system. It discusses problems with the existing manual system, including lack of timeliness, accuracy, and security issues. It then proposes developing a computerized airline reservation system to address these limitations. The objectives of the proposed system are outlined, such as reducing manual work, increasing accuracy and speed, and enhancing customer service. Finally, the document discusses requirement analysis and some key modules and processes of the proposed automated airline reservation system.
Introduction to c language and its application.pptParilittleAngel
The document discusses the C programming language. It notes that C is commonly used for embedded systems as it produces efficient code and is portable across processors. The history of C is described, including its origins in the late 1960s/early 1970s at Bell Labs as a system programming language derived from B and BCPL. Examples of C code are provided, including a "Hello World" program and Euclid's algorithm, and how C code maps to assembly instructions on a PDP-11 computer. Key aspects of C like types, expressions, functions, and memory management are summarized.
- C is a commonly used language for embedded systems that is portable, produces efficient code, and uses a fairly concise syntax.
- It was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s and was influenced by the B programming language.
- C uses basic data types, functions, expressions, statements, and other constructs to provide powerful yet flexible programming capabilities while using relatively little memory.
- C is a commonly used language for embedded systems due to its portability, efficiency, and conciseness. It was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s alongside Unix.
- C was designed for systems programming tasks like operating systems and compilers. It was influenced by its predecessors BCPL and B and is well-suited for direct hardware manipulation.
- C uses expressions, conditional and iterative statements, functions, and other constructs to provide a structured and portable way to write low-level systems code while avoiding the complexity of assembly.
The document summarizes the history and key features of the C programming language. C was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s at Bell Labs to be a high-level language that produced efficient machine code. It was designed to allow systems programming for operating systems and utilities. C borrowed elements from its predecessors BCPL and B but added data types, structures, unions, and functions to support structured programming.
The document provides information on the history and design of the C programming language. It was developed between 1969-1973 along with Unix and was designed for systems programming tasks like operating systems and compilers. Key aspects of C's design included producing efficient code, being portable across different processors/systems, and using less memory. C introduced many features still used in modern languages today like functions, variables, arrays, structures, pointers, and libraries.
C was created in the early 1970s at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie. It is commonly used for systems programming like operating systems and compilers. C code is compiled into efficient, portable machine code. A C program structure includes preprocessor commands, functions, variables, statements/expressions, and comments. Key C language elements are keywords, identifiers, constants, comments, and symbols. C supports various data types like int, char, float, and double that determine memory usage and value representation. Variables must be declared with a specific data type before use.
The document provides an introduction to the C programming language, including its history and evolution. It discusses key elements of C programs like main functions, libraries, headers, source/header files. It also covers basic C concepts like data types, variables, operators, functions, pointers, arrays, comments and preprocessor directives. Examples of simple C programs are provided to illustrate these concepts.
The document provides an introduction to the C programming language, including its history and evolution. It discusses key elements of C programs like functions, variables, data types, comments, preprocessor directives, libraries and headers. It also covers pointers, arrays, passing command line arguments and standard header files in C. Examples of simple C programs are provided to illustrate various concepts.
The document provides an introduction to the C programming language, including its history and evolution. It discusses key elements of C programs like functions, variables, data types, libraries, headers, and compilers. It also covers pointers, arrays, preprocessor directives, and macros. Examples are provided to illustrate basic C programs and common programming constructs in C.
C is a general-purpose programming language developed in the 1970s. It was created by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs to be used for the Unix operating system. Some key features of C include it being a mid-level language, supporting structured programming, having a rich standard library, and allowing for pointers and recursion. A simple "Hello World" program in C prints a message using printf and waits for input with getch. C supports various data types, operators, control structures like if/else and loops, functions, arrays, and pointers.
The document discusses intermediate code generation in compilers. It describes how compilers generate intermediate code representations after parsing source code. Intermediate representations allow separating the front-end and back-end of compilers, facilitating code optimization and retargeting compilers to different architectures. Common intermediate representations discussed include abstract syntax trees, postfix notation, static single assignment form, and three-address instructions. The document also provides examples of generating three-address code using syntax-directed translation.
This document discusses input/output (I/O) stream classes in C++. It covers:
1. C++ uses stream classes like ifstream and ofstream to perform I/O operations with the console and files. These classes inherit from ios, istream, and ostream to provide input and output functionality.
2. Common stream operations include formatted I/O using operators like << and >>, and unformatted I/O using functions like get() and put().
3. The ios class and manipulators like setw(), setprecision(), and setfill() allow formatting of stream output, controlling aspects like field width, precision of floating point numbers, and character padding.
RenderScript is a high-performance computation API that allows apps to run operations with automatic parallelization across CPU and GPU cores. It provides access to these features without needing to write code for different architectures or processor types. RenderScript code is compiled at runtime, so apps do not need to be recompiled for different devices. The document provides an overview of RenderScript and its system, basic usage, entry points, variables, pointers, memory management, and comparisons with OpenGL ES. It also includes examples of using RenderScript for single-image sampling, multi-image sampling, multi-pass effects, and generating a histogram.
A Replay Approach to Software ValidationJames Pascoe
The document discusses a replay approach to software validation using regular expressions in C++11 and Python. It describes replaying log files to recreate events and find bugs faster. It also explains how regular expressions can be used to parse log files and validate replayed logs by comparing them to the originals. Regular expressions in C++11 and Python are compatible, which is useful for cross-language validation tools.
The document discusses C++ and its evolution over time. Some key points include:
- C++ has been active for over 30 years and remains relevant due to its performance and use in applications like mobile.
- The new C++11 standard adds many new features that make the language more powerful yet easier to use, such as rvalue references, lambdas, and type inference.
- Examples are provided showing how new C++11 features like futures, lambdas and static assertions can be used concisely to solve common programming problems in a more modern style.
This document provides an overview of Lex, a lexical analyzer generator tool. It discusses installing and running Lex on Windows and Linux systems, and provides an example Decaf programming language lexical analyzer code. The code is run on sample input to generate a tokenized output file. The document contains sections on what Lex is, the structure of Lex programs, predefined Lex variables and library routines, setting up and running Lex on different platforms, and an example Decaf program with its output.
C# 3.0 introduces many features common in functional programming languages like generics, first-class functions, lambda expressions, and type inference. However, C# retains its object-oriented roots, and some features like datatypes and laziness remain more fully realized in pure functional languages. While C# supports programming in a functional style, its performance characteristics and lack of optimizations mean it may not be a serious competitor to ML and Haskell for functional programming tasks.
This document provides an overview of C++ development environments, basic C++ syntax like classes and pointers, and key concepts like memory management and object oriented programming. It discusses compiling C++ code with g++, using makefiles, preprocessor directives, classes, procedural programming, pointers, memory allocation, problems like dangling pointers and memory leaks, and canonical class forms.
The document contains 40 multiple choice questions related to computer science class 12. It covers topics like variables, data types, operators, loops, functions, arrays and more. The questions test concepts like escape sequences, format specifiers, assignment operators, comments, input/output functions, and the difference between various loops in C programming language. It is a practice test to help students prepare for their computer science exam.
Brief introduction to the c programming languageKumar Gaurav
The document provides an introduction to the C programming language. It discusses that C was created in the 1970s and was influenced by other languages. It describes standardization of C in 1989 and later updates. It also covers basic elements of a C program like main functions, header files, simple programs, passing command line arguments, and pointers. The document uses examples to explain concepts like arrays, macros, and conditional compilation using the preprocessor.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.