Animal husbandry involves the scientific management of domesticated animals through proper feeding, breeding, sheltering, and healthcare. The main goals are milk production from dairy cows and cattle labor. Key aspects of dairy farming include feeding cows a balanced ration of roughage and concentrates to meet maintenance and milk production needs, proper sheltering and grooming of animals, and selective breeding either naturally or via artificial insemination to produce high-yielding crossbreeds. The white revolution led by Dr. Verghese Kurien significantly increased India's milk production through these improved practices.

2. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
• The scientific management of domesticated
animals dealing with their feeding, breeding and
health is known as "Animal Husbandry" .
Main elements of animal husbandry are
1. Proper feeding of animals
2. Providing good shelter to animals
3. Proper health of animals
4. Proper breeding of animals
• The practice of keeping and breeding animals for
specific purposes is called domestication of
animals and such animals are called domestic
animals.

4. Nutritional Values of Animals Products
Cattle Farming
• Cattle husbandry is done for two purposes milk
production and draught labour for agricultural
work viz. tilling, irrigation and carting.
• Milk producing female cattle are
called milch or dariy animals ;
• While male cattle engaged in labour are called
draught animals.
• Indian cattle, cows (Bos indicus) and buffaloes
(Bos bubalis) are most important forms of
domestic animals. The milk of buffalo contains
more fat than cow's milk.

5. • Breeds of Cattle :-
• Depending upon the utility, cattle are classified into the following
groups :-The best known breeds of Indian buffaloes are :-
Nagpuri, Surti, Mehsana,Jaffrabadi, Murrah, Nili, Bhadawari.
• Exotic (Foreign) breeds of milch cows are :-
• 1. Holstein-Friesian from Holland
• 2. Jersey from USA
• 3. Ayrshire from Scotland
• 4. Brown-Swiss from Switzerland
• 5. Red Dane from Denmark
• High milk yielding cross-breeds Cows
• 1. Karan-Swiss (Brown-Swiss × Sahiwal)
• 2. Karan-Fries (Holstein-Friesian × Tharparkar)
• 3. Friesian-Sahiwal (Frieswal) (Holstein-Friesian × Sahiwal)

6. Karan-Fries
Karan-Swiss

7. • Lactation period : is the period during which dairy (milch)
animals produce milk, this is between birth of a youngone
and the next pregnancy. Milk production depends, to some
extent, on the duration of lactation period.
• Farm Management Practices :
• Shelter : A good animal shelter not only increases the
production of milk but also improves the health of animals
as well. A good animal shelter should have the following
characteristics :
(i) It should protect animal from heat, cold and rain.
(ii) It should be clean, dry airy and well ventilated.
(iii) It should be spacious so as to provide enough space for
each animal to stay comfortably.
(iv) It should have a sloping floor for the hygienic disposal
of animal excreta.

8. • Grooming (i) Regular brushing of animals to remove
dirt and loose hair. (ii) External parasites are removed.
• Feeding :- The food is given to animals is called 'feed'.
The food requirements is of two types :
(A) Maintenance requirements which support the basic
functions of life.
(B) Milk-Producing requirements which increase the
milk-yield.
For dairy animals, feed constitutes two main
components :
(i) Roughage : It contain large amount of fiber which
has low nutrient contents. It includes hay fiber
silage, fodder and legumes like barseem, lucrene
and cowpea.

9. • (ii) Concentrate : It is a mixture of cereals like maize, oat,
barley, jowar broken grams, rice polish, cotton seeds, gram
bran, molasses and oilseed cake moistened in water. These
are rich in proteins, highly palatable and easily digestible.
• The dairy animals are required balanced ration. A ration is
the amount of food, which is given to the animals during a
day (24 - hour period).
• White Revolution
Dr. V. Kurien is the founder chairman of the National Dairy
Development Board (NDDB), Gujarat in 1965 and
started "Operation Flood" which was the world's largest
dairy development programme in 1970, to provide milk to
one and all. Dr. Kurien is called the "Architect of India's
Modern Dairy Industry" means huge increase in milk
production by using improved high milk-yielding
crossbreeds of milch animals. Also known as Father of
White Revolution in India.

10. • Breeding :
Cattle breeders select and mate best type of cattle for a particular
purpose.
• The breeding of cattle is done by two methods -
• (A) Natural Breeding (B) Artificial
Breeding
• (A) Natural Breeding :
(i) Random Breeding : Here some pedigree bulls are kept along
with grazing cows.
(ii) Controlled Breeding : Breeding of native cows are crossed
with
superior quality of imported bulls. Hybrid cows yield more milk
and hybrid oxen are comparatively more active and energetic.
Some improved hybrids are Karanfries, Frieswal, KaranSwiss.
• (B) Artificial Breeding : (Artificial insemination) :- The
introduction
of semen (sperm) of a good breed male animal in the body
of a healthy female animal by artificial means is called
artificial insemination.

11. • Cattle Diseases :- A healthy animal can be recognised
by its regular feeding, normal posture, a definite body
temperature normal pulse rate and normal respiration
rate.
• Bacterial diseases :- Anthrax,.
• Viral diseases :- Cowpox, Foot & mouth, Rinderpest.
• Fungal diseases :- Ringworm, Aspergillosis
• Parasitic diseases :- Amoebiasis
• Prevention of diseases :
(1) The animal-shelters should be spacious, airy and
properly lighted.
(2) The animal-shelter should be cleaned regularly.
(3) Nutritive feed and fresh water should be provided.
(4) The animals should be compulsorily vaccinated to
immunize them against infectious diseases.