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ANIMAL KINGDOM(complete ) -CLASS 11.
- 1. ANIMAL KINGDOM -CLASS11 BY – SAKSHI RAWAT
- 2. BASIS OF CLASSIFING ORGANISMS LEVEL OF ORGANISATION PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF COELEM TYPE OF CIRCULATION TYPE OF SYMMETRY DIGESTION PRESENCE OF NOTOCHORD SEGMENTATION
- 3. PHYLUM – PORIFERA BASIC CHARACTERISTICS ; 1. ACOELOMATES 2. ASYMMETRICAL 3. CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANISATION 4. FOUND IN MARINE AND ACQUATIC HABITAT 5. FERTILISATION IS EXTERNAL AND INDIRECT FEATURES ; 1. THERE ARE TINY PORES IN THE BODY CALLED OSTILIA THE CENTRAL CAVITY WHERE WATER REACHES THROUGH PORES IS SPONGOCOEL . THE PATHWAY THROUGH WHICH THIS WATER COMES OUT IS CALLED OSCULLUM
- 4. 2 . PORIFERANSPOSSESS WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM ; THIS WATER HELPS IN RESIRATORY EXCHANGE, TRANSPORT OF FOOD AND REMOVAL OF WASTE. 3. SKELETON IS MADE OF UP SPICULES 4. CHOANOCYTES OR COLLAR CELLS IS CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE OF PORIFERANS 4. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION BY GAMETES AND ASEXUAL BY FRAGMENTATION 5. DIGESTION IS INTRACELLULAR 6. EXAMPLES ; EUSPONGILLA , SYCON , SPONGILLA
- 5. PHYLUM – COELENTERATA (CNIDARIA) BASICSCHARACTERISTICS ; 1. ACOELOMATES 2. RADIAL SYMMETRY 3. TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANISATION 4. DIPLOBLASTIC 5. THEY ARE MOSTLE MARINE AND ACQUATIC 6. THEY CAN BE SESSILE OR FREE LIVING 7. NAME DERIVED FROM CNIDOBLAST AND CNIDOCYSTS
- 6. FEATURES 1. THEYEXISTS IN TWO FORMS POLP AND MEDUSA 2. THEY SHOWS ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS BY THE PROCESS OF METAGENESIS POLYP REPRODUCES ASEXUALLY TO FORM MEDUSA AND MEDUSA REPRODUCES SEXUALLY TO FORM POLYP 3. THEY HAVE CENTRAL GASTRO VASCULAR CAVITY 4. DIGESTION IS INTRACELLULAR AS WELL AS EXTRACELLULAR
- 7. PHYLUM- CTENOPHORA THEYARE COMMONLY KNOWN AS SEA WALNUTS AND COMB JELLIES DIPLOBLASTIC TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANISATION RADIAL SYMMETRY ACOELOMATES EXCLUSIVELY MARINE THEY HAVE 8 EXTERNAL ROWS OF CILLIATED COMB PLATES THAT HELP IN LOCOMOTION ONLY SEXUAL REPRODUCTION TAKE PLACE HERE DIGESTION IS INTRACELLELAR AND EXTRACELLULAR THEY EXHIBITS BIOLUMINISCENSE (PROPERTY OF EMITTING OWN LIGHT )
- 8. EXAMPLES OFCTENOPHORA – CTENOPLANA AND PLUEROBRACIA
- 9. PHYLUM- PLATYHELMINTHES THEYARE KNOWN AS FLAT WORM AS THEY HAVE DORSOVENTRICALLY FLATTENED BODY BILATERAL SYMMETRY ACOELOMATES ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION TRIPLOBLASTIC THEY ARE HEMOPHRODITE THESE ORGANISIMS HAVE SPECIALISED CELLS CALLED FLAME CELL THAT HEPLS IN OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION DIGESTION IS INCOMPLETE FERTILIZATION IS INTERNAL . DO NOT HAVE SEGMENTED BODY EXCEPT TAPEWORM EXAMPLES – TAPEWORM , LIVER FLUKE
- 10. PHYLUM – ASCHELMINTHES THESE ORGANISMS ARE KNOWN AS ROUND WORMS AS THEY HAVE CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION TRIPLOBLASTIC THEY CAN BE FREE LIVING ,TERRESTRIAL AND ACQUATIC PSEUDOCOELOMATES ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION BILATERAL SYMMETRY THEY ARE DIOCIOUS FEMALE BODY IS GENERALLY LONGER THAN MALE BODY THEY HAVE EXCRETORY TUBE FOR EXCRETION REPRODUCTION IS SEXUAL ONLY ALIMENTARY CANAL IS COMPLETE WITH MUSCULAR PHARYNX FERTILISATION IS INTERNAL AND DEVELOPMENT IS DIRECT
- 11. PHYLUM – ANNELIDA TRIPLOBLASTIC ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION COELOMATES BILATERAL SYMMETRY THEY HAVE SEGMENTED BODY AQUATIC ANNELIDS LIKE NERIES HAVE PARAPODIA FOR LOCOMOTION ANNELIDS HAVE CIRCULAR AND LONGITUDNAL MUSCLE FOR LOCOMOTION CAN BE MONOCIOUS LIKE EARTHWORM AND DIOCIOUS LIKE NERIES THEY CAN BE ACQUATIC, MARINE OR TERRESTRIAL THESE ORGANISMS HAVE NEPHRIDIA FOR OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION
- 12. EXAMPLES OF ANNELIDS: EARTHWORM(PHERETIMA ), NERIES , LEECH(HIRUDINARIA)
- 13. PHYLUM- ARTHROPODA ITIS LARGEST PHYLUM TRIPLOBLASTIC ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION BILATERAL SYMMETRY COELOMATES THEY ARE COSMOPOLITANS THE BODY IS DICIDED INTO HEAD, THORAX AND ABDOMEN
- 14. SENSORY ORGANSARE ANTENNAE , SIMPLE OR COMPOUND EYES AND STATOSYTS EXRETION THROUGH MALPIGHIAN TUBE THEY ARE MOSTLY DIOECIOUS THESE ORGANISMS HAVE JOINTED LEGS DEVELOPMENT CAN BE DIRECT OR INDIRECT OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATORY ORGANS ARE GILLS , BOOK GILLS , BOOK LUNGS AND TRACHEAL SYSTEM
- 15. EXAMPLES OFORGANISMS UNDER ARTHROPODA – ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE – APIS (HONEY BEE),BOMBYX(SILKWORM) AND LACCIFER GREGARIOUS PEST – LOCUSTA VECTORS- ANOPHELES , ADES , CULEX MOSQUITO LIVING FOSSIL- LIMULUS(KING CRAB)
- 16. PHYLUM- MOLLUSCA THISIS SECOND LARGEST PHYLUM TRIPLOBLASTIC ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION COELOMATES BILATERAL SYMMETRY THESE ORGANISMS HAVE INNER SOFT BODY BUT OUTER HARD BODY BODY IS DIVIDED INTO MUSCULAR FOOT , VISCERAL HUMP AND MUSCULAR FOOT HEAD HAS TANTACLES THESE ARE DIOECIOUS FILE LIKE RASPING ORGAN CALLED RADULES ARE PRESENT
- 17. EXAMPLES OFMOLLUSCANS ; OCTOPUS(DEVIL FISH) , PILA (SNELL APPLE) AND SEPIA (CUTTLEFISHES) .
- 18. PHYLUM – ECHINODERMATA KNOWN AS ECHINODERMATA AS THEIR ENDO SKELETON IS MADE UP OF CALCAREOUS OSSICLES TRIPLOBLASTIC ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION COELOMATES BILATERAL SYMMETRY AT LARVAL STAGE AND RADIAL SYMMETRY AT ADULT STAGE HEAD IS ABSENT EXCRETORY ORGAN IS ABSENT PRESENCE OF WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM DIOECIOUS EXAMPLES ; STARFISH ( ASTERIAS) , OPHIURA
- 19. PHYLUM – HEMICHORDATA TRIPLOBLASTIC ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION BILATERAL SYMMETRY COELOMATES PRESENCE OF NOTOCHORD AT SOME STAGES OF LIFE THE BODY IS DIVIDED INTO PROBOSCIS , A COLLAR AND A TRUNK EXCRETION THROUGH PROBOSCIS GLAND THEY ARE DIOECIOUS THEY HAVE CYLINDRICAL BODY EXAMPLE- BALANOGLOSSUS and SACCOGLOSUS
- 20. PHYLUM – CHORDATA COLOMATES TRIPLOBLASTIC ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION BILATERAL SYMMETRY HEART IS VENTRAL CNS IS DORSAL, HOLLOW AND SINGLE CHORDATES HAVE POST ANAL TAIL NOTOCHORD IS PRESENT PRESENCE OF PAIRED PHYRANGEAL GILL SLITS
- 21. CHORDATES HAVE3 SUB PHYLLUM; 1. UROCHORDATA: NOTOCHORD IS PRESENT AT LARVAL STAGE HERMOPHRODITE Examples- ascidia, dolium , salpa 2. CEPHALOCHORDATA ; NOTOCHORD IS PRESENT ALL OVER THE LIFE THEY ARE DIOECIOUS Example- bronchistoma 3. VERTEBRATA ; NOTOCHORD AT EMBRYONIC STAGE AND VERTEBRAL COLUMN AT ADULT STAGE
- 25. Cyclostomata Features’; i. Circularand sucking mouth ii. 6-15 pairs of gill slits iii. Cranium and vertebral column are cartilaginous iv. Body without plates v. Naturally they are marine but for spawning they migrates to fresh water and then the fish dies but after metamorphosis they returns back to the ocean vi. Examples; myxine(hagfish) and Petromyzon(lamprey) vii. They are mostly ectoparasites
- 26. Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous endoskeletonwith streamlined body Mouth is ventral Placoid scales Electrical organs – torpedo Poisonous string-trygon Mostly viviparous and internal fertilization Gill slits without operculum Air bladder is absent In males the pelvic fins bears claspers placoid scales are the modification of teeth directed backwardly Examples- scoliodon , pristis,carchadon,trygon
- 27. 2 chamberedheart Poikilothermous Notochord is persistent throughout the life
- 28. OSTEICHTHYES BONY ENDOSKELETONWITH STREAMLINED BODY MOUTH IS TERMINAL CIRCULAR/CTENOID SCALES 4 PAIRS OF GILL SLITS WITH OPERCULUM AIR BLADDER IS PRESENT MOSTLY OVIPAROUS AND FERTILISATION IS EXTERNAL TWO CHAMBERED HEART POIKILOTHERMOUS EXAMPLES ; MARINE – EXOCOETUS AND HIPPOCAMPUS FRESHWATER- LABEO , CATLA AND CLARIAS ACQARIUM- BETTE AND PTEROPHYLLUM
- 29. CLASS- AMPHIBIANS BODYIS DIVIDED INTO HEAD AND TRUNK ALIMENTARY CANAL , REPRODUCTIVE AND URINARY TRACT OPENS ISTO A COMMON CHAMBER CALLED CLOACA BODY HAS MOIST SKIN THEY ARE TERRESTRIAL AS WELL AS MARINE RESPIRATION TAKES PLACE THROUGH THE LUNGS GILLS AND THE SKIN TYMPANUM REPRESENTS THE EARS DIOCEOUS THEY ARE OVIPAROUS EXTERNAL AND INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT THE EYES HAVE EYELIDS EXAMPLES- BUFO , TOADS , RANA , SALAMANDRA , HYLA, ICHTHYOPHIS
- 30. REPTILES DRY ANDCORNIFIED SKIN , EPIDERMAL SCALES OR SCUTES CRAWLING OR CREEPING MODE OF MOTION INTERNAL FERTILISATION AND DIRECT DEVELOPMENT THEY SHED OF THEIR SCALES AS SKIN CAST TWO PAIRS OF LIMB MAY BE PRESENT 3 CHANBERED HEART EXCEPT FOR CROCODILE HAVING 4 CHAMBERED HEART POIKILOTHERMOUS TYMPANUM REPRESENTS THE EARS EXAMPLES- CHELON , TESTUDO , CROCODILUS , HEMIDACTYLUS , CHAMELEON CALOTES , ALLIGATORS
- 31. AVES 4 CHAMBEREDHEART HOMIOTHERMOUS PNEUMATIC BONES FORELIMBS ARE MODIFIED INTO WINGS THEY HAVE ADDITIONALLY CROP AND GIZZARDS ENDOSKELETON IS FULLY OSSIFIED RESPIRATION THROUGH LUNGS FERTILISATION IS INTERNAL AND DEVELOPMENT IS DIRECT THEY ARE OVIPAROUS OIL GLANDS ARE PRESENT AT THE BASE OF TAIL THEY POSSESS BEAK FEATHERY BODY EXAMPLES- PAVO , COLUMBA,CORVUS ,APTENODYTES ,NEOPHRON
- 32. MAMMALIA PRESENCE OFMAMMARY GLANDS 4 CHAMBERED HEART HOMIOTHERMOUS TWO SETS OF TEETHS TEETHS ARE ARRANGED IN JAWS EXTERNAL EAR CALLED PINNA HAIRY BODY MOSTLY VIVIPAROUS EXCEPT – PLATYPUS( ORNITHORHYNCHUS) INTERNAL FERTILISATION AND DIRECT DEVELOPMENT TWO PAIRS OF LIMBS RESPIRATION BY LUNGS EXAMPLES – Felis , Panthera tigris , Panthera leo ,camelus elephas ,rattus , petropus, Macropus