animal pregnancy

1. Animal Pregnancy
Animal Biology
by: Miko Atkins, Staci Davis, and Ofelia
Patrick

2. Topics of Discussion
● Pregnancy in Deuterostomes
● Pregnancy in Protostomes
● Gestation Periods

3. Deuterostomes
● Morphologically complex
● Share similar development
● Variable morphology & behavior
● Develop anus first, as opposed to protostomes
4 Phyla of Deuterostomes:
- Echinodermata: sea stars & sea urchins
- Hemichordata: acorn worms
- Chordata: vertebrates
- Xenoturbellida: worm-like organisms *more recently discovered

4. Deuterostome Gestation Period
Sea Horse 14 days - 4 weeks
Starfish No gestation period, but the time it takes for a fertilized starfish egg to
develop into a baby starfish is around 2 months depending on the species
Human 36-40 weeks
Chimpanze 32-33 weeks
Humpback Whales 12-15 months
Elephants 20-21 months
Deuterostome Gestation

5. The Seahorse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMzMuLmjMW4
Male Pregnancy… Yes, Males

6. Ummm i’m sure
there must be some
type of mistake...
We’re not
related
riiight???
Protostome
Reunion

7. ● Protostomes have true tissues, they are
bilaterally symmetric, and the mouth
develops first during embryonic
development
● Protostomes also have an anterior brain,
central nervous system, and a coelum.
Protostomes

9. Development of C. elegans
● There are precisely 959 cells
during development
● Development of C. elegans from
larvae to adulthood takes 2.5
days at 25 degrees celsius.
● During periods of starvation C.
elegans develops into Dauer
larvae, once food is available
the dauer larvae reaches the L4
stage and the life cycle takes
about 3 days.
C. elegens

10. C. elegans Embryonic
Development

11. Snail Embryonic Development

12. HCG
Placenta produces
Stop ovaries from maturing egg ea month
during pregnancy
High level= increase nausea and vomiting
Hormones in pregnancy

13. Progesterone
corpus luteum produces until 10 weeks then placenta takes over production
relaxes uterus muscle, help keep immune system healthy
relaxes smooth muscle and blood pressure
increase hair growth

14. Estrogen
develop fetus organ and other bodily systems
enhances uterus response to oxytocin
responsible for skin changes

15. Oxytocin
stretches cervix for labor
stimulates milk production
Prolactin
prepare breast tissue for lactation and milk release