This presentation was recently given by Dr. Brett Heilbron on the CanadianEMR - Technology in Clinical Practice Cruise Conference - April 2013. Learning objectives for the session were to understand the risks associated with ionizing radiation, identify ways to optimize patient benefit and minimize risk and to discuss some of the controversies around medical imaging radiation. The presentation focuses on the use of a common technology in clinical settings - medical diagnostic imaging - and provides some guidance regarding this controversial topic.
This presentation gives a brief introduction to the characteristics of laser devices.
Absorption, tissue penetration and physiological mechanisms of laser irradiation are discussed.
The biological effects of low power laser light are reviewed in the areas of collagen metabolism, wound healing, inflammation and pain control. Contraindications, precautions and side effects of low power laser irradiation are discussed.
An over massive_black_hole_in_a_typical_star_forming_galaxy_2_billion_years_a...Sérgio Sacani
Uma equipe internacional de astrofísicos, liderada por Benny Trakhtenbrot, um pesquiador no Instituto para Astronomia de Zurique ETH, descobriu um gigantesco buraco negro em uma galáxia outrora normal, usando o telescópio Keck I de 10 metros de diâmetro do Observatório W. M. Keck no Havaí. A equipe, conduzindo uma pesquisa rotineira de caça por antigos e massivos buracos negros, foi surpreendida quando encontrou um com uma massa mais de 7 bilhões de vezes a massa do Sol, figurando assim entre os buracos negros mais massivos já descobertos. E pelo fato da galáxia onde ele foi descoberto ser uma galáxia típica em tamanho, o estudo levantou algumas questões sobre as premissas prévias no desenvolvimento das galáxias. As descobertas foram publicadas na revista Science.
Os dados, coletado com o novíssimo instrumento MOSFIRE do observatório Keck, revelou um gigantesco buraco negro na galáxia chamada CID-947 que está a 11 bilhões de anos-luz de distância da Terra. A incrível sensibilidade do MOSFIRE acoplada ao maior telescópio óptico/infravermelho do mundo permitiu que os cientistas pudessem observar e caracterizar esse buraco negro como ele era quando o universo tinha somente 2 bilhões de anos de vida, ou seja, apenas 14% da sua idade atual.
Ainda mais surpreendente que a massa recorde do buraco negro, foi a massa relativamente comum da galáxia que o contém.
A maior parte das galáxias abrigam buracos negros com massas de menos de 1% da massa da galáxia. Na CID 947, a massa do buraco negro é 10% da massa total da galáxia hospedeira. Devido a essa grande disparidade, a equipe deduziu que esse buraco negro cresceu tão rapidamente que a galáxia não foi capaz de pará-lo, levantando assim uma questão sobre o pensamento prévio na co-evolução de galáxias e de seus buracos negros centrais.
This presentation was recently given by Dr. Brett Heilbron on the CanadianEMR - Technology in Clinical Practice Cruise Conference - April 2013. Learning objectives for the session were to understand the risks associated with ionizing radiation, identify ways to optimize patient benefit and minimize risk and to discuss some of the controversies around medical imaging radiation. The presentation focuses on the use of a common technology in clinical settings - medical diagnostic imaging - and provides some guidance regarding this controversial topic.
This presentation gives a brief introduction to the characteristics of laser devices.
Absorption, tissue penetration and physiological mechanisms of laser irradiation are discussed.
The biological effects of low power laser light are reviewed in the areas of collagen metabolism, wound healing, inflammation and pain control. Contraindications, precautions and side effects of low power laser irradiation are discussed.
An over massive_black_hole_in_a_typical_star_forming_galaxy_2_billion_years_a...Sérgio Sacani
Uma equipe internacional de astrofísicos, liderada por Benny Trakhtenbrot, um pesquiador no Instituto para Astronomia de Zurique ETH, descobriu um gigantesco buraco negro em uma galáxia outrora normal, usando o telescópio Keck I de 10 metros de diâmetro do Observatório W. M. Keck no Havaí. A equipe, conduzindo uma pesquisa rotineira de caça por antigos e massivos buracos negros, foi surpreendida quando encontrou um com uma massa mais de 7 bilhões de vezes a massa do Sol, figurando assim entre os buracos negros mais massivos já descobertos. E pelo fato da galáxia onde ele foi descoberto ser uma galáxia típica em tamanho, o estudo levantou algumas questões sobre as premissas prévias no desenvolvimento das galáxias. As descobertas foram publicadas na revista Science.
Os dados, coletado com o novíssimo instrumento MOSFIRE do observatório Keck, revelou um gigantesco buraco negro na galáxia chamada CID-947 que está a 11 bilhões de anos-luz de distância da Terra. A incrível sensibilidade do MOSFIRE acoplada ao maior telescópio óptico/infravermelho do mundo permitiu que os cientistas pudessem observar e caracterizar esse buraco negro como ele era quando o universo tinha somente 2 bilhões de anos de vida, ou seja, apenas 14% da sua idade atual.
Ainda mais surpreendente que a massa recorde do buraco negro, foi a massa relativamente comum da galáxia que o contém.
A maior parte das galáxias abrigam buracos negros com massas de menos de 1% da massa da galáxia. Na CID 947, a massa do buraco negro é 10% da massa total da galáxia hospedeira. Devido a essa grande disparidade, a equipe deduziu que esse buraco negro cresceu tão rapidamente que a galáxia não foi capaz de pará-lo, levantando assim uma questão sobre o pensamento prévio na co-evolução de galáxias e de seus buracos negros centrais.
Carbohydrate Research 405 (2015) 55–65Contents lists availab.docxwendolynhalbert
Carbohydrate Research 405 (2015) 55–65
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Carbohydrate Research
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / c a r r e s
Electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured gold film for the study
of carbohydrate–lectin interactions using localized surface plasmon
resonance spectroscopy
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2014.08.019
0008-6215/� 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 (314) 516 5346; fax: +1 (314) 516 5342.
E-mail address: [email protected] (K.J. Stine).
Jay K. Bhattarai a,b, Abeera Sharma a,b, Kohki Fujikawa a, Alexei V. Demchenko a, Keith J. Stine a,b,⇑
a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States
b Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 30 April 2014
Received in revised form 15 July 2014
Accepted 30 August 2014
Available online 16 September 2014
Keywords:
Lectin
Mannose
Monolayer
Plasmon
Gold
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy is a label-free chemical and biological molec-
ular sensing technique whose sensitivity depends upon development of nanostructured transducers.
Herein, we report an electrodeposition method for fabricating nanostructured gold films (NGFs) that
can be used as transducers in LSPR spectroscopy. The NGF was prepared by electrodepositing gold from
potassium dicyanoaurate solution onto a flat gold surface using two sequential controlled potential steps.
Imaging by scanning electron microscopy reveals a morphology consisting of randomly configured block-
like nanostructures. The bulk refractive index sensitivity of the prepared NGF is 100 ± 2 nm RIU�1 and the
initial peak in the reflectance spectrum is at 518 ± 1 nm under N2(g). The figure of merit is 1.7. In addition,
we have studied the interaction between carbohydrate (mannose) and lectin (Concanavalin A) on the
NGF surface using LSPR spectroscopy by measuring the interaction of 8-mercaptooctyl-a-D-mannopyran-
oside (aMan-C8-SH) with Concanavalin A by first immobilizing aMan-C8-SH in mixed SAMs with 3,6-
dioxa-8-mercaptooctanol (TEG-SH) on the NGF surface. The interaction of Con A with the mixed SAMs
is confirmed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Finally, the NGF surface was regenerated
to its original sensitivity by removing the SAM and the bound biomolecules. The results from these exper-
iments contribute toward the development of inexpensive LSPR based sensors that could be useful for
studying glycan–protein interactions and other bioanalytical purposes.
� 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy based
on the development of noble metal nanostructures with tunable
and responsive plasmonic behavior has become of b ...
"Hyperpolarization - Description, Overview, & Methods" ISMRM Annual Meeting, Educational Presentation, April 26, 2017
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Motional Gaussian states and gates for a levitating particleOndrej Cernotik
Coherent scattering has recently attracted attention as a means of controlling the motion of levitated particles in three dimensions using a single optical cavity. In these systems, scattering of photons from the trapping field to a cavity mode has been used to cool all three modes of the centre-of-mass motion of levitated particles. The possibility of employing coherent scattering for more general quantum control has, however, not yet been discussed in the literature. Here, we present strategies for generating nonclassical correlations and for engineering interactions between motional modes of levitated particles using coherent scattering. We expand the theory developed by Gonzalez-Ballestero et al. to realize more general bilinear interactions in levitated optomechanics with coherent scattering. Going beyond the simple stationary picture, we introduce amplitude modulation as an important tool to modify the optomechanical interaction and discuss how it can be used to resonantly enhanced certain parts of the interaction, allowing, for example, strong one- and two-mode squeezing of motion. Our results thus show the potential of using coherent scattering for full quantum control of the motion of levitated particles.
Application of Low Frequency Passive Seismic Method for Hydrocarbon Detection...Andika Perbawa
Passive seismic survey is a geophysical method that utilizes a spectral frequency from seismicity data to identify subsurface reservoir fluids. Rock pores that contain hydrocarbon fluids show higher low-frequency amplitude between 2-4 Hz compared with those that contain water. This paper shows the feasibility study that has been done in S Field, South Sumatra Basin. Four wells were used to validate the result of the spectral data. This method is also considered as a prospect ranking tool in the vicinity of the S field.
Eighteen measurement points were collected and grouped into 6 clusters. Four clusters are located near S-1, S-2, S-3, and S-4 wells. One cluster is located on prospect K and the other one on prospect G. Standard signal processing flows were conducted such as band-pass filter, FFT, and moving average.
The result shows that the maximum amplitude low-frequency between 2-4 Hz of K and S-1 is less than 0.017. On the other hand, S-2, S-3, S-4 and G show a relatively high amplitude of more than 0.02 which indicates a greater possibility of hydrocarbon accumulation when compared with K and S-1. This result was confirmed by gas production in S-2 and oil production in S-3. S-4 has not been tested yet, but the refined well correlation it indicates that there is a limestone reservoir of about 60 feet above OWC. S-1 shows a low amplitude which indicates low potential. The completion log confirmed that the well did not penetrate the reservoir target. Prospect G which has a high amplitude of low-frequency anomaly is more interesting than prospect K.
To conclude, low-frequency passive seismic method was successful in distinguishing between water or no hydrocarbons. It is feasible to employ this methodology as a tool for hydrocarbon detection and also as a tool to help in prospect ranking.
Vol 1,issue 7 Radiation therapy treatment unit dose-rate effects on metal–oxi...IJAMHC
Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) detectors have recently been introduced to radiation therapy.
However, the response of these detectors is known to vary with dose rate. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how much variation between the treatment prescribed dose and the dose that is actually delivered to the
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The aim of this study was to investigate MOSFET dependence on different dose-rate levels. The measurements were done by exposing the mobile MOSFET detectors to a dose of 100 cGy using a linear accelerator
with energy of 6 MV and different dose rates from 100 cGy/MUs to 600 cGy/MUs.
The results showed that the dose rate dependence of a MOSFET dosimeter was within ±1.0%. MOSFET detectors are suitable for dosimetry of photon
beams, since they showed excellent linearity with dose rate variation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Statistical analysis of electrodeposited in2 s3 films techconnect conferenceArkansas State University
In2S3 has received attention as an alternative to CdS as the buffer layer in heterojunction solar cells. Although having a bandgap of 2.0 eV relative to 2.5 eV for CdS, the lower toxicity and environmental impact of indium relative to cadmium, and significant photosensitivity, compel ongoing research [1]. Indium sulfide thin films were deposited onto molybdenum-coated glass (SiO2) substrates by electrodeposition from organic baths (ethylene glycol-based) containing indium chloride (InCl3), sodium chloride (NaCl), and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3.5H2O), the latter used as an additional sulfur source along with elemental sulfur (S). The Taguchi method was used to optimize the deposition paramters so as to minimize non-uniformity, cracks, and improper stoichiometry. The measured performance characteristics (molar ratio (In:S) and crack density) for all of the In2S3 films were calculated to analyze the effect of each deposition factor (deposition voltage, deposition temperature, composition of solution, and deposition time) involved in the electrodeposition process by calculating the sensitivity (signal to noise, S/N, ratios).
Greg P. Smestad, et al, Optical Characterization of PV Glass Coupons and PV Modules Related to Soiling Losses, Atlas/NIST Workshop on PV Materials Durability
December 5-6, 2017
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
https://www.nist.gov/el/mssd/agenda
Optical Characterization of PV Glass Coupons and PV Modules Related to Soilin...Greg Smestad
Optical Characterization of PV Glass Coupons and PV Modules Related to Soiling Losses,
Greg P. Smestad, Ph.D., Sol Ideas Technology Development
December 6th, 2017, 11:35 AM - 12:00 PM
Session 5: Characterization (Chair: Xiaohong Gu, NIST)
Atlas/NIST Workshop on PV Materials Durability
December 5-6, 2017, Gaithersburg, Maryland
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
https://www.nist.gov/el/mssd/agenda
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Angular Dependency of radiation on Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeters
1. Presenter: SUBHRENDU GHOSH
Fortis Memorial Research Institute
Gurugram , Haryana
Determination of Angular Characteristics of
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter
Subhrendu Ghosh, Radhakrishnan B Nair, Kanan Jassal, Tarun Kumar, Vinoth
Kumar, Elan Mariagandhi, Ashu Abhishek, Amal Roy Chaudhoory
5. Motivation
5
The response of an OSL detector
depends on the following factors :
Mass
Errors that may arise during
measurement by the reader.
How many times the OSLDs are used .
Geometrical Factors
6. Geometrical Factor
The most important factor out of all the mentioned factors .
The OSL crystals are placed in a rectangular cassette .
As it is composed of thin layer of crystals, the angle of
incidence of beam plays a major role .
6
7. Materials used
PMMA slabs comprising a total thickness of 12 cm.
Microstar OSLDs (Nanomet technology)
ELEKTA SYNERGY LINAC.
0.6 cc farmer chamber with Electrometer( PTW unidos)
OSL Reader (Landauer,Inc/Microstar)
7
8. Method
Verification of the set-up and
reliability of OSLD reading:
0.6 cc farmer chamber was
placed in the appropriate slot at
5 cm depth from surface.
150 MU was delivered to the
chamber centre with 6 MV
photon beam with 100 cm SSD
with 10 x10 cm2 FS
From the 6 MV PDD data, the
surface dose was derived as
44.86 cGy.
Dose measured with OSLD was
45.78 cGy.
The variation was 2% validating
the set up and the reliability of
OSLD dose. 8
.
9. Method
• A total of 37 OSLDs were
calibrated and selected for the
study
• Graph paper was pasted over
slab to ensure positional
reproducibility.
• The crosswire of the OSLD was
matched with LINAC crosswire.
150 MU was delivered by 6 MV
photon beam with 100 cm SSD
and 10 x 10 cm2 FS at zero
degree gantry angle.
• Gantry angle was incremented
at the rate of 100 from +900 to -
900 and 150MU was delivered at
each angle by changing the
OSLD 9
10. Method
• The first set of OSLDs
were deployed with
orientation in G-T
direction
• The second set of
OSLDs were deployed
with orientation
perpendicular to G-T
direction
10
A--B
C--D
GUNTOTARGET
C--D
A--B
GUNTOTARGET
11. Results
OSLD response at various
gantry angles along G-T
OSLD response at various gantry
angles perpendicular to G-T
11
13. Results(cont.)
The above graphs display the dependence of
OSLDs on the incident beam angle
It was observed that as the beam incident angle
increases, the measured surface dose
increases.
It was also observed that the surface dose
increases at slower rate up to 500 beam angle
and thereafter increases steeply.
The dose values measured in two orientations
agree within 1% to 2% for almost all the angles of
incidence.
13
14. Fasihah Hanum Yusof’s Study
Angular dependence of
OSLD was earlier studied
by Fasihah Hanum
Yusof, etal
• Plots obtained from our
study follow the similar
pattern of this study
14
15. Comparison
Fasihah Hanum Yusof’s
measurement
The measurements were
done from -750 to +750 at
150 increments
The measurements were
not done in two different
orientations
11 data points
Our measurement
Measurements had a wide
range from +900 to -900 with
100 increments
Measurements were done in
two different orientations
perpendicular to each other
37 data points in two
orientations put together
15
16. Future Scope
The mathematical formulation of the trend seen in the graph
can be derived.
The Physics behind the different response at different gantry
angles.
16
17. Conclusion
The dose responses by the OSLDs at various angles of
incidence were studied for 6 MV photon beam and it was
observed that:
Dose responses increase with increase in angle of
incidence, at a slower rate up to 500 on either side and
steeply up to 900.
The responses were almost similar irrespective of the
orientation of the OSLDs in perpendicular or along the G-T
direction
The angular dependence needs to be considered while
deploying the OSLDs for in-vivo dosimetry or surface dose
estimation applications
17
18. References
Fasihah Hanum Yusof, Ngie Min Ung. On the Use of Optically Stimulated
Luminescent Dosimeter for Surface Dose Measurement during
Radiotherapy. PLoS One v.10(6); 2015.
Jursinic PA, Yahnke CJ. In vivo dosimetry with optically stimulated
luminescent dosimeters, OSLDs, compared to diodes; the effects of
buildup cap thickness and fabrication material. Medical physics.
2011;38(10):5432–40.
Lehmann J, Dunn L, Lye JE. Angular dependence of the response of the
nanoDot OSLD system for measurements at depth in clinical
megavoltage beams. Med Phys. 2014 Jun;41(6):061712.
Joerg Lehmann , Leon Dunn. Angular dependence of the response of the
nanoDot OSLD system for measurements at depth in clinical
megavoltage beams. Med Phys. 2014 May.
Jursinic PA. Changes in optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter
(OSLD) dosimetric characteristics with accumulated dose . Med Phys.
2010 Jan;37(1):132-40.
18
19. 19
Comparison
• More data points were obtained in the current measurement and
hence a more genuine trend is achieved.
• Both the lateral sides were examined.