Android is an open source operating system used widely in mobile phones and tablets. It includes features like an application framework, Dalvik virtual machine, integrated browser, media support, and preinstalled applications from Google. The OS is updated every few months with new versions adding features and compatibility. Applications have a common structure including activities, intents, services, and data storage. Android is developed through the Open Handset Alliance and is growing rapidly as the dominant mobile OS. It provides security through process isolation and permission-based controls.

1. Google
Android
PRESENTED BY…
FAIQ ALI SAYED

2. What is Android???...
The Android operating system (OS) is widely used
within several types of embedded & mobile platforms, including
mobile phones and tablets, and the industry is exploring the
ability of Android within other embedded platforms, i.e.,
automotive or military, that require real-time guarantees and the
ability to meet deadlines as a pre-requisite for reliable operation.
In this paper, we present preliminary conclusions on Android’s
real-time behavior based on experimental measurements
performed on a commercially available Android platform.

3. Android – what it includes..?
• software stack for mobile devices
– incl. OS, middleware and key applications
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Open source – source code is open and contributions are welcome
application framework enabling reuse/replacement of apps
Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile
integrated browser based on webkit
Optimized graphics – 2D graphics library, 3D based on OPEN GL ES
SQLite for data storage
Media support (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, JPG, PNG,…)
Support for radio interfaces, Bluetooth, WiFi, Camera, GPS, accelerometer
Software Development Kit (SDK)
Preinstalled applications from Google (GMS)
– Gmail, Maps, Search, Voice Search, Youtube

4. Android Software Updates
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Android 1.0 – G1
1.5 – Cupcake
1.6 – Donuts (CDMA support)
2.0 – Éclair (Droid introduced with Éclair)
2.2 – Froyo
2.3 Gingerbread (SDK released 2 weeks ago and source
will follow soon)
4.0 IceCream Sandwich
4.1 Jelly beans
API Levels used by apps to identify software version on
the device
Android apps are generally forward compatible with
newer version, but not necessarily backwards
compatible

5. Android OS development
 Fastest growing mobile OS
Over 300,000 Android activations a
day
 Android overtook iOS as the dominant
OS in US during 2H 2010
 First phone launched HTC G1 in 2008
Currently an OS of choice for
Motorola, HTC, Samsung, Sony
Ericsson, among others
 Software updates every few months

6. Dalvik VM
• All applications written in Java and converted to
the dalvik executable .dex
• Every android app runs its own process, with its
own instance of the dalvik virtual machine
• Not a traditional JVM, but a custom VM designed
to run multiple instances efficiently on a single
device
• VM uses linux kernel to handle low-level
functionality incl. security, threading, process
and memory management

7. Android is part of the ‘build a better
phone’ process
Open Handset Alliance produces Android
Comprises handset manufacturers, software
firms, mobile operators, and other
manufactures and funding companies

8. Android applications have common
structure
Views such as lists,
grids, text boxes,
buttons, and even an
embeddable web
browser
An Activity Manager that
manages the life cycle of
applications and provides a
common navigation
backstack
Content Providers
that enable
applications to
access data from
other applications
(such as
Contacts), or to
share their own
data
A Notification Manager that
enables all apps to display
custom alerts in the status
bar
A Resource Manager,
providing access to noncode resources such as
localized strings, graphics,
and layout files

9. Android applications have common
structure
Broadcast receivers
can trigger intents
that start an
application
Data storage
provide data for
your apps, and can
be shared
between apps –
database, file, and
shared
preferences (hash
map) used by
group of
applications
Activity is the presentation
layer of your app: there will
be one per screen, and the
Views provide the UI to the
activity
Intents specify what specific
action should be performed
Services run in the
background and have no
UI for the user – they will
update data, and trigger
events

10. Android is growing
Uneven distribution of OS by regions

12. Security in Android
Each application runs in its own process
Process permissions are enforced at user
and group IDs assigned to processes
Finer grained permissions are then granted
(revoked) per operations

13. Android Market(Play Store)
• Google Market - Part of GMS apps
• 3rd party apps submitted to Google, approved and distributed through
Market
• Both Free and Paid apps
• Apps now limited to 50 MB; updates possible through Market
• Monetization through ads available
• Available in many countries, not all countries have support for paid apps
• Other Market place applications available – Amazon has announced its
own Android Market place
• App searches filtered based on Manifest file (eg. if a device does not
have trackball, apps using trackball will be filtered out)
• Every app publishes a list of components the app will access and
permissions need to be granted before installation
• Apps installed on device and SD card (SD Card from Froyo and in updated
versions)

14. Other possibilities in Android
• Voice Search available and enhanced in
recent releases
• Google TV - a new platform based on
Android
• Tablets –Tab introduced in Oct 2010
• Allows to create security-aware applications
to control employee devices

15. If this is the progress of Android OS in future
Other mobile OS as well as computer systems
will be Resting In Peace(RIP)…
THANK YOU……!!!!