Andrew Goodwin's theory states that there are five key aspects to an effective music video: 1) Thoughtful analysis of the song's beat and lyrics, 2) A relationship between the visuals and song, 3) A narrative and performance of the song by the artist, 4) Emphasizing the star image of the protagonist through camera shots, 5) Technical elements like lighting, editing, and effects that enhance the video. Goodwin believed visuals should illustrate, amplify, or sometimes contradict the lyrics and that the artist's involvement improves engagement. Technical aspects like mise-en-scene are also important to produce a professional, entertaining video.