The Gurukul education system is an ancient Indian residential schooling method where students live with their guru, learning through close interaction and practical experiences. Originating over 15,000 years ago during the Vedic period, the system faced decline due to Islamic invasions and British colonial influence. The document advocates for reviving the Gurukul system, highlighting its focus on value-based education and character development, which contrasts with modern education's emphasis on job preparation.