The document discusses the anatomy of an Android application project structure. It is divided into the main parts: App, Gradle Scripts, and folders within App - Manifests, Java, and Res. The Manifests folder contains the AndroidManifest.xml file which describes app components, permissions, and other metadata. The Java folder stores Java source code files. The Res folder organizes app resources like images, layouts, icons into type-specific directories like Drawable, Layout, Mipmap and Values.