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Skull Bones and Sutures
- 2. The Skull and Fetal Skull The Skull is made up of 22 bones including: 8 Cranial Bones 14 Facial Bones The Fetal Skull Incompletely developed Separated by fibrous membranes known as fontanels (soft spots)
- 4. Bones in The Skull Cranial Vault “OF PETS” Occipital (1) Frontal (1) Parietal (2) Ethmoid (1) Temporal (2) Sphenoid (1) Face Mandible (1) Maxilla (2) Nasal (2) Inferior nasal concha (2) Zygomatic (2) Palatine (2) Vomer (1) Lacrimal (2) “Manny Makes Naturally Insane Zigzags Pleasing Vera Lynn”
- 6. Anterior View Frontal bone Makes up the forehead Single bone Makes up the superior portion of the orbits Two ridges above the eyes called supraorbital ridges or margin (eyebrows) Supraorbital foramen found here Nerves and arteries Inferior to the frontal bone is all facial bones
- 7. Anterior View cont.. Nasal bones Paired bones Joins with cartilage to form the nose Posterior to the nasal bones are thin strips of the upper maxilla which holds the upper teeth Posterior to the Maxilla are the lacrimal bones Nasolacrimal ducts Tears drain from the eyes to the nose
- 8. Anterior View cont.. Posterior to the lacrimal bones is the Ethmoid Bone Very delicate and is frequently broken Sphenoid bone Forms the posterior wall of the orbit Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Inferior orbital fissure Zygomatic bones Lateral side of the orbits Cheekbones
- 9. Anterior View cont… The Maxilla The major bone that makes up the floor of the orbit Have sockets called alveoli Contain the teeth Extensions between the teeth are known as Alveolar Processes Infraorbital foramen Small hole below the eye Nerves and blood vessels The Mandible (Jaw) Most inferior bone Alveoli and Alveolar Processes Fuses at midline of chin resulting in the Mental Symphysis Lateral to the symphysis are the Mental Foramina Blood and nerves
- 10. Superior View Major suture lines of the skull Coronal Suture Frontal bone is separated from the pair of parietal bones Sagittal Suture Parietal bones are separated from one another Lambdoid Suture Separated the parietal bones from the occipital bone Named after the Greek letter lambda, which is “y” shaped
- 11. Lateral View Squamous Suture Separates the temporal bone from the parietal bone Cranial Bones Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, sphenoid and the Ethmoid Bones External Occipital Protuberance The bump of the back of the occipital bone External acoustic meatus Hole on the side of the head where the ear attaches
- 12. Lateral View cont… Mastoid process Large process posterior and inferior to the external acoustic meatus Styloid Process Long, thin spine medial to the mastoid process Attachment point for muscles Temporal bone and Zygomatic bone Temporal process (on zygomatic bone) Connects with the temporal bone Zygomatic process (on temporal bone) Both make up the zygomatic arch
- 14. Lateral View cont.. The Mandible Condylar process Projection of the mandible Mandibular condyle Articulates with the temporal bone Coronoid Process Medial to the zygomatic arch Mandibular notch A depression between the condyloid process and the coronoid process Mandibular Ramus Vertical section Mandibular Body Horizontal portion Mandibular Angle Posterior part of the bone at the junction of the body and ramus Mandibular Foramen Inside each of the ramus Nerves
- 15. The Mandible • Condylar Process • Mandibular Condyle • Coronoid Process • Mandibular Notch • Mandibular Ramus • Mandibular Body • Mandibular Angle • Mandibular Foramen
- 16. Inferior View Foramen Magnum Largest hole in the skull In the occipital one and is the dividing line between the brain and the spinal cord Occipital Condyles Lateral to the foramen magnum External Occipital Protuberance Small bump at the posterior part of the occipital bone Hypoglossal Canals Two small openings near the foramen magnum Passage of the hypoglossal nerve Jugular Foramen Junction of the occipital bone and temporal bone Jugular vein
- 17. Inferior View Mastoid Notch Depression just medial to the mastoid process Carotid Canal Medial to the styloid process Passes the internal carotid artery to the brain Foramen Lacerum Adjacent to the carotid canal Mandibular Fossa Articulation point for the mandible Sphenoid Bone The bone that runs from one side of the skull to the other Pterygoid Plates Lateral pterygoid plate Medial pterygoid plate Two pairs of flattened shelf like bones Attachments for muscles that extend from the sphenoid to the mandible Foramen Ovale Just posterior to the plates Passage of the trigeminal nerve to the mandible
- 19. Inferior View Vomer In the middle of the skull In between the sphenoid bone Internal Nares Two large holes on each side of the vomer Hard Palate Connected to the vomer Forms part of the palatine bone Palatine Bones L-Shaped bones with a horizontal plate and a vertical plate Horizontal Plates Join together at the medial palatine suture Does not fuse completely at birth the result is a cleft palate Palatine Processes of The Maxillae Anterior portion of the hard palate
- 21. Inferior of The Cranial Vault Cranial Cavity divided into three major regions Anterior Cranial Fossa A depression anterior to the lesser wings of the sphenoid Middle Cranial Fossae Lies between the lesser wings of the sphenoid and the petrous portion of the temporal bone Posterior Cranial Fossa Posterior to the petrous portion of the temporal bone
- 22. Anterior Cranial Fossa Ethmoid bone Centrally located Crista Galli Sharp ridge part of the ethmoid and projects from the main portion Cribriform Plate Small, horizontal plate of the bone with numerous holes Cribriform (Olfactory) Foramina- transmit the sense of smell from the nose to the brain
- 23. Middle Cranial Fossa Division between anterior and middle cranial fossa is the Sphenoid bone. Lesser wing and Sella Turcica Optic Canal Optic nerve Superior Orbital Fissure Nerves to the eye and face Greater wing of the sphenoid Inferior than the lesser winds Foramen Rotundum Branches of the trigeminal nerve to the maxilla Foramen Ovale Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve Foramen Spinosum Meningeal blood vessels
- 24. Posterior Cranial Fossa Posterior to the Sphenoid bone we have the temporal bone, which has flattened lateral sections called Squamous Portion and a heavier mass known as the Petrous Portion. Petrous (Rocklike) Portion Divides middle and posterior fossae Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus Posterior surface of petrous portion Passageway for the nerves that come out of the inner ear Hypoglossal canal Passage for the Hypoglossal CN Foramen Magnum and the Jugular Foramina is found here Majority of the fossa is formed by the Occipital Bone
- 25. Midsagittal Section of The Skull Nasal Septum Composed of the Vomer, the Perpendicular Plate of the Ethmoid Bone, and the nasal cartilage Removed the nasal septum we would see the superior and middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha is just inferior but is separated by bone Mandibular Foramen Inner aspect of the mandible Passageway for trigeminal nerve and blood vessels to the mandible
- 26. Sinuses Paranasal Sinuses Around nose region Frontal Sinus Frontal bone Maxillary Sinus Maxilla bone Ethmoid Sinus Between nose and eyes Sphenoid Sinus Deep near sphenoid bone
- 27. Fontanels/Soft Spots 4 types of fontanels: Anterior (Frontal) Posterior (Occipital) Anterolateral (Sphenoid) Posterolateral (Mastoid) Allow for passage of the skull through the birth canal by sliding over each other After birth the fontanels allow for further expansion of the skull
- 28. For the Exam be Sure You Can… The Cranial Vault and The Face List all the Bones List all the Major Features Find the Specific Bony Markings Skull: Name all bones that occur singly or in pairs Locate the Major Foramina Name the Major Sutures Fetal Skull List all the Fontanels