Brain

1. Lab Exercise 16
BRAIN

2. The Brain
 Gyri
 Ridges of the convolutions
 Sulci or Fissures
 Depressions
 Central sulcus
 Anterior: Precentral Gyrus
 Posterior: Postcentral Gyrus
 Lateral Fissure
 Temporal from frontal and parietal
 Longitudinal Fissure
 Cerebrum into left and right hemispheres

4. Cerebral
Hemispheres
 Longitudinal Fissure
 Left Cerebral Hemisphere
 Involves language and
reasoning
 Broca area is found
 Right Cerebral Hemisphere
 Space and pattern perception
 Artistic awareness, imagination,
& music comprehension

6. Lobes of the Brain
1. Frontal
 Broca area or motor speech
area
 Muscles involved in speech
control
 Central Sulcus
 Precentral gyrus
 Anterior to the central sulcus
2. Parietal
 Postcentral gyrus
 Primary somatic sensory cortex
3. Occipital
 Visual area
 Transverse fissure
 Occipital and cerebellum
4. Temporal
 Lateral fissure
 Frontal and parietal
 Primary auditory cortex
 Wernicke Area
 Word into thoughts
 Olfactory & Gustatory Center

8. The Brain
Can be divided into 3
sections
1. Forebrain
 Largest region of the brain
 Cerebrum & diencephalon
2. Midbrain
 Smallest part of the brain
3. Hindbrain
 Pons, medulla oblongata and
the cerebellum

9. ForeBrain
Telencephalon
 Cerebrum
 Cerebral cortex
 Basal nuclei (gray matter)
 Corpus callosum
Diencephalon
 Pineal body
 Thalamus
 Hypothalamus
 Pituitary gland
 Mammillary bodies
 Optic chiasma

10. MidBrain
 Peduncles
 Tectum
 Corpora Quadrigeminal
 Superior colliculus
 Inferior colliculus

11. HindBrain
 Metencephalon
 Ponds
 Cerebellum
 Myelencephalon
 Medulla Oblongata

12. Meninges of Brain
 Dura mater
 Outer: periosteal layer
 Inner: meningeal layer
 Subdural space
 Between arachnoid and dura
 Arachnoid mater
 Subarachnoid space
 CSF found here
 Pia Mater
 Adhered to the brain
 Deepest layer

13. Ventricles of The Brain
 Lateral Ventricles
 Occupy the cerebral hemisphere
 Choroid plexuses
 Capillaries that receive CSF
 Third Ventricle
 Fluid flows through the Interventricular
Foramina
 Fourth Ventricle
 Fluid flows through Cerebral Aqueduct
 Hydrocephaly
 Aqueduct is occluded  CSF
accumulation

14. Blood Supply To The Brain
 4 major arteries:
1. Right vertebral artery
2. Left Vertebral artery
3. Right internal carotid artery
4. Left internal carotid artery
 These do not penetrate the brain, instead they
form a meshwork around the brain

15. Circle of Willis
 Formed by an anastomoses of the
basilar and two internal carotid
arteries
 Form a loop around the pituitary
 Major branches off the Circle of
Willis:
 Anterior cerebral arteries
 Middle cerebral arteries
 Posterior cerebral arteries
 Takes blood directly to the brain

16. Midsagittal Section
of The Brain
ForeBrain:
 Corpus Callosum
 C-Shaped
 Connects the two cerebral hemispheres
 Septum Pellucidum
 Membrane that separates the lateral
ventricles form each other
 Thalamus
 Forms the lateral wall around the third
ventricle
 Relay center sends CNS information to
the cerebral cortex
 Hypothalamus
 Pituitary gland

17. Midsagittal Section of The Brain
MidBrain:
 Cerebral peduncles
 Superior to the pons
 Cerebral Aqueduct
 Corpora quadrigemina
 Superior colliculi
 Visual reflexes
 Inferior colliculi
 Auditory reflexes

18. Midsagittal Section of The Brain
HindBrain:
 Pons
 Anterior bulge
 Medulla Oblongata
 Crossing of information
 Cerebellum
 Respiratory centers
 Control breathing rate, BP
 Cerebellar Cortex
 Numerous folds and branching
 Arbor Vitae
 Tree of life

19. Know for the Lab Exam
 Important fissures & Gyrus
 Lobes of the brain
 3 parts of the brain
 ID specific structures
 Meninges of the brain
 Superficial to deep
 ID ventricles
 Circle of Willis