The document outlines the anatomical landmarks of the maxilla important for denture construction, including limiting structures, supporting structures, and relief areas. It describes key features such as the labial and buccal frenums, hamular notch, and primary and secondary stress-bearing areas that affect denture design and retention. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of proper denture fitting to avoid complications related to sensitive areas like the incisive papilla and midpalatine raphe.

1. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS IN
MAXILLA
DR.SAI MADHAVI, BDS

3. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS IN MAXILLA
LIMITING STUCTURES.
1. LABIAL FRENUMA
2. LABIAL VESTIBULE
3. BUCCAL FRENUM
4. BUCCAL VESTIBULE
5. HAMULAR NOTCH
6. POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL AREA

4. • SUPPORTING STUCTURES
• PRIMARY STRESS BEARING AREAS
1. HARD PALATE
2. POSTEREO-LATERAL SLOPES OF RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR RIDGE
• SECONDARYSTRESS BEARING AREAS
1. RUGAE
2. MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY
• RELIEF AREAS
1. FOVEA PALATINA
2. INCLUSIVE PAPILLA
3. CUSPID EMINANACE
4. MIDPALATINE RAPHAE

5. LIMITING STRUCTURES
LABIAL FRENUM
• IT IS A FIBROUS BAND ,COVERED BY MUCOUS
MEMBRANE.
• THAT EXTENDS FROM THE LABIAL ASPECT OF
RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR RIDGE TO THE LIP.
• IT HAS NO MUSCLE ATTACHMENT.
• A V-SHAPED NOTCH RECORDED DURING
IMPRESSION MAKING TO ACCOMMODATE
LABIAL FRENUM

6. • LABIAL VESTIBULE
• IT IS DEFINED AS"THE PORTION OF THE ORAL CAVITY WHICH IS BOUNDED
ONE SIDE BY THE TEETH GINGIVA&ALVEOLAR RIDGE AND OTHERWISE BY LIPS
&CHEEKS”
• IT IS COVERED BY LINING MUCOSA
• DIVIDED INTO TWO COMPARTMENTS BY LABIAL FRENUM NAMELY LEFT AND
RIGHT
• ORBICULARIS ORIS IS THE MAIN MUSCLE OF THE LIP.
• IT’S TONE DEPENDS ON THE SUPPORT RECEIVED FROM THE LABIAL FLANGE
OF THE DENTIRE&THE POSITION OF THE ARTIFICIAL TEETH.
• IT’S FIBRES RUNX HORIZONTALLY AND IT HAS AN IN DIRECT DISPLACING
EFFECT ON THE DENTURE.
• THE MUSCLE IN THIS REGION IS THIN AND THEIR INFLUENCE IS MINIMAL.

7. BUCCAL FRENUM
• IT SEPARATES THE LABIAL AND BUCCAL VESTIBULE.
• MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS
1. LEVATOR ANGULI ---ATTACHES BENEATH THE FRENUM
2. ORBICULARIS ORIS ---PULLS THE FRENUM IN A
FORWARD DIRECTION
3. BUCCINATOR ---- PULLS THE FRENUM IN THE
BACKWARD DIRECTION.
THESE MUSCLES INFLUENCE THE POSITION OF THE BUCCAL
FRENUM.
• HENCE IT NEEDS GREATER CLEARANCE ON THE FLANGE
OF THE DENTURE.

8. • BUCCAL VESTIBULE
• IT EXTENDS FROM THE BUCCAL FRENUM ANTERIORLY TO THE HAMILTON
NOTCH POSTERIOR.
• THE SIZE OF THE BUCCSL VESTIBULE VARIES WITH ;
1. CONTRACTION OF THE BUCCINATOR
2. POSITION OF THE MANDIBLE
3. AMOUNT OF THE BONE LOSS IN THE MAXILLA.
• THE RAMUS &CORONOID PROCESS OF THE MANDIBLE AND MASSAGER MODIFY
THE SIZE OF THIS VESTIBULE, DURING MOUTH OPENING

9. • HAMULAR NOTCH
• IT IS A DEPRESSION SITUATED BETWEEN THE MAXILLARY
TUBEROSITY&THE HAMULUS OF MEDIAL
PTERYGOIDPLATE.
• IT IS SOFT AREA OF LOOSE ARREOLA TISSUE.
• THE TISSUES IN THIS REGION CAN BE SAFELY DISPLACED
TO ACHIEVE THE POSTERIOR PALATIAL SEAL .
• THE DISTOLATERAL BORDER OF THE DENTURE BASE REST
IN THE HAMULAR NOTCH .
• THE DENTURE SHOULD EXTEND TILL THE HAMULAR
NOTCH.
• IF THE BORDER IS LOCATED ANTERIOR NEAR THE
MAXILLARY TUBERPSITY,THE DENTURE WILL NOT HAVE
ANY RETENTIVE PROPERTIES .

10. • POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL AREA
• THE SOFT TISSUE AT OR ALONG THE JUNCTION OF THE HARD
AND SOFT PALATES ON WHICH PRESSURE WITHIN THE
PHYSIOLOGICAL LIMITS OF THE TISSUE CAN BE APPLIED BY A
DENTURE TO AID IN THE RETENTION OF THE DENTURE.
• IT IT INVERTED CUP BOS LIKE SHAPE.
• THIS IS THE AREA OF THE SOFT PALATE THAT CONTACTS THE
POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE DENTURE BASE
• IT PREVENTS AIR ENTRY BETWEEN DENTURE BASE AND SOFT
PALATE.
• IT THE AREA BETWEEN THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR
VIBRATING LINES.

11. • FUNCTIONS OF PPS:
Helps in
speech
Prevents food
accumilation Compensa
tes
polymeriz
ation
shrinkage
Reduce gag
reflex

12. PPS CAN BE DIVIDED IN TO TWO COMPONENTS BASED ON
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS.
1. PTERYGOMAXILLRY SEAL
2. POST PALATAL SEAL
• PTERYGOMAXILLRY SEAL;
• THIS IS THE PART OF PPS THAT EXTENDS ACROSS THE
HAMULAR NOTCH AND IT EXTENDS 3 TO 4MM TO END IN THE
MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION ON THE POSTERIOR PART OF
MAXILLARY RIDGE.
• POST PALATAL SEAL:
• THIS IS A PART OF THE PPS THAT EXTENDS BETWEEN THE TWO
MAXILLARY TUBEROSITIES

13. SUPPORTING STUCTURES
• THESE ARE THE LOAD BEARING AREAS
• THEY SHOW MINIMAL RIDGE RESOLUTION EVEN UNDER CONSTANT LOAD.
• THE DENTURE SHOULD BE DESIGNED SUCH THAT MOST OF THE LOAD IS
CONCENTRATED ON THESE AREAS.
• PRIMARY STRESS BEARING AREAS
1. HARD PALATE
• ANTERIOR PART OF THE PALATE IS FORMED BY PALATINE SHELVES OF THE
MAXILLARY BONE.
• POSTERIOR PART OF THE PALATE IS FORMED BY THE HORIZONTAL PLATE OF THE
PALATINE BONE.

14. • THE HORIZONTAL PORTION OF THE HARD PALATE LATERAL TO THE MAXILLA
ACTS AS PRIMARY STRESS BEARING AREA.
• THE TUBERCULAR PATTERN IN THE BONE IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE DIRECTION
OF FORCE MAKING IT CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING ANY AMOUNT OF FORCE.
RESIDUAL RODGE
• THE PORTION OF THE ALVEOLAR RIDGE &ITS SOFT TISSUE COVERING WHICH
REMAINS FOLLOWING THE REMOVAL OF TEETH.
• IT RESORTS RAPIDLY FOLLOWING EXTRACTION&CONTINUES THROUGHOUT LIFE
IN REDUCED RATE.
• THE SUBMUCOSA COVER THE RIDGE HAS ADEQUATE RESILIENCE TO SUPPORT
THE DENTURE.

15. • THE CREST OF THE RIDGE ACTS AS SECONDARY STRESS BEARING AREA.
• THE POSTERS LATERAL SLOPES OF THE RIDGE ACTS AS PRIMARY STRESS BEARING
AREA.
SECONDARY STRESS BEARING AREAS
• RUGAE
• THESE ARE MUCOSAL FOLDS LOCATED IN THE ANTERIOR REGION OF THE
PALATAL MUCOSA,THEY ACTS AS SECONDARY STRESS BEARING AREA.
• THE FODLDS OF THE MUCOSA PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN SPEECH.
• META DENTURE BASES REPRODUCES THIS CONTOUR MAKING IT VERY
COMFORTABLE FOR THE PATIENT.

16. MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY
• IT IS THE BULBUS EXTENSION OF THE RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR RIDGE IN THE 2ND
AND THIRD MOLAR REGION.
• THE POSTERIOR PART OF THE RIDGE AND THE TUBEROSITY AREAS ARE
CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT AREA OF SUPPORT BECAUSE
THEY ARE LEAST LIKELY TO RESORB.

17. RELIEF AREAS
• THESE AREAS RESORB UNDER CONSTANT LOAD OR CONTAIN FRAGILE
STRUCTURES WITHIN.
• THE DENTURE SHOULD BE DESIGNED SUCH THAT THE MASTICATORY LOAD IS
NOT CONCENTRATED OVER THESE AREAS.
• INCISIVE PAPILLA
• IT IS A MIDLINE STUVTURE SITUATED BEHIND THE CENTRAL INCISORS.
• IT IS THE EXIST POINT OF NASOPALATINE NERVES AND VESSELS.
• IT SHOULD BE RELIEVED N,IF NOT ,THE DENTURE WILL COMPRESS THE VESSELS
AND NERVES AND LEADS TO NECROSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTING AREAS AND
PARENTHESIS OF ANTERIOR PALATE.

18. • MID PALATINE RAPHAE
• IT IS A MEDIAN SUTURE AREA COVERED BY A THIN SUBMUCOSA.
• IT SHOULD BE RELIEVED DURING DENTURE FABRICATION.
• THIS AREA IS THE MOST SENSITIVE PART OF THE PALATE TO PRESSURE
• CUSPID EMINENCE
• IT IS A BONY ELEVATION ON THE RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR RIDGE FORMED AFTER
EXTRACTION OF THE CANNED
• IT IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE CANINE AND FIRST PREMOLAR REGION.
• FOVEA PALATINE
• IT IS FORMED COALESCENCE OF THE DUCTS OF SEVERAL MUCOSA GLANDS.THIS
ACTS AS ARBITRARY GUIDE TO LOCATE THE POSTERIOR BORDER OF THE
DENTURE

19. • THE DENTURE CAN EXTEND BEYOND THE FOVEA PALATINE
• THE SECRETIONS OF THE FOVEA SPREADS A THIN FILM ON THE DENTURE THERE
BY AIDING IN RETENTION.

20. THANK YOU
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