AnatCh3-1
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This document discusses the levels of structural organization in the human body. It begins with atoms as the building blocks that make up cells. Cells are the smallest and most basic unit of life. Similar cells that work together form tissues. Groups of tissues that perform a specific function are organs. Organ systems are made up of groups of organs that work together for a common purpose. Finally, all the organ systems together make up the whole organism. The document also mentions the four primary types of tissues: epithelium, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue.
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1. The human body is composed of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and whole organisms organized from smallest to largest.
2. Cells combine to form tissues like muscle and nerve tissue. Multiple tissues combine to form organs like the heart.
3. Organs work together in organ systems, such as the cardiovascular system composed of the heart and blood vessels.
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Connective tissue is found throughout the body and binds tissues together. It has various types including connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supportive connective tissue. Connective tissue proper contains fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and an extracellular matrix with ground substance and fibers like collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. It includes areolar, adipose, dense, and reticular connective tissues. Fluid connective tissue includes blood with its fluid plasma and blood cells. Supportive connective tissues are bone, hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage which provide structure and support.
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1. The human body is composed of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and whole organisms organized from smallest to largest.
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Describe the levels of organization in living system and some of .pdf
Describe the levels of organization in living system and some of the methods of classification.
Describe the levels of organization in living system and some of the methods of classification.
Solution
Answer:
The levels of organization in living system are:
(1) Organelle and cellular level
All living organisms have cellular level of organization, be it unicellular or multicellular. The
cell is the unit of life which carries out the necessay functions for survival. The functions are in
turn divided among different organelles present inside the cell. The prokaryotes have small set of
organelles while eukaryotes have richer collection of organelles which are more complex.
(2) Tissue level
Tissues are composed of similar type of cells which are same in origin and function. For
example, nerve cells have the same origin and function and forms the nervous tissue. These are
found in multicellular organisms.
(3) Organ level
Different tissues having similar functions together form the organ system in multicellular
organisms. Stomach is a digestive organ which are composed of muscular tissue for contraction
and secretory epithelium for gastric juice secretion.
(4) Organ system
When a number of organs group together to perform one or more functions, it forms an organ
system. Examples-Respiratory system, endocrine sytem and circulatory system, etc.
(5) Organism
An entire living being which can carry out all the necessary functions for basic processes is
called organism. An organism is usually made up of organ systems, but may be unicellular as in
case of bacteria.
Some methods of biological classification have been discussed as under:
(1) Natural system of classification:
In this system of classification, anatomy, physiology, pathology, biochemistry, reproduction &
cytology are taken into account to compare relationships among organisms. It is considered
advantageous over the artificial system of classification. This sytem was proposed by Bentham
and Hooker.
(2) Artificial sytem:
In this sytem of classification, external features such as form and shape are used for comparing
relationships among organisms. Since it does not take into account the internal properties such as
anatomy, pathology and biochemistry among others, it is difficult to to study evolution. Linnaeus
system of classification is considered as artificial.
(3) Phylogenetic classification:
It is classified on the basis of evolutionary relationships among organisms and is based upon
Darwin\'s theory of natural selection.
(4) Phenetic classification:
For classification, it takes relies upon similarities and disimilarities among organisms, but do not
take into account the evolutionary relationships.
(5) Cytotaxonomy:
It is classified based upon cytological features such as number of chromosomes..
Levels of Biological Organization.pptx
This document discusses the different levels of biological organization from cells to the biosphere. It begins by stating the learning objectives which are to identify the levels of organization, describe the parts that make up each level and their functions, and explain how biological structures are organized to carry out functions. It then provides examples of cells making up tissues, tissues making up organs, organs making up organ systems, and organ systems making up whole organisms. Diseases starting at the cell level can damage higher levels of organization. The document also discusses plant organ systems and how flowers, leaves and stems help plants meet their basic needs.
Qtr 2 module 1 from cell to organism
This document discusses the hierarchical organization of living organisms from cells to tissues to organs to organ systems. It provides examples of organ systems in humans and plants like the circulatory, excretory, root and shoot systems. The key points are:
1) Organisms like humans, animals and plants are made up of organ systems that work together for functions like digestion, transport and reproduction.
2) Organ systems consist of organs which have related functions and are composed of tissues.
3) Tissues are made up of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of all living things.
4) Damage at any level of this hierarchy affects the levels above and the organism as a whole.
CELL AS A BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
Cells are the basic unit of life and make up all living organisms. The cellular level is where metabolic processes occur to keep organisms alive. Cells carry out functions like growth, respiration, and reproduction. Cells combine to form tissues, organs, and whole organisms. The cell is the smallest unit that can function independently and replicate.
Levels of organization
There are 8 levels of organization in biology:
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
2. Tissues are groups of cells that perform specific functions.
3. Organs are made of different tissues working together to perform functions like the heart.
4. Organ systems are groups of organs that work together, like the circulatory system.
5. Organisms are made up of all cells, tissues, organs and organ systems.
6. Populations are groups of the same type of organisms living together.
7. Communities are groups of populations that interact in an area.
8. Ecosystems are populations living together in an area.
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AnatCh3-1
- 1. Tissues Chapter 3.1 Intoduction & Basics
- 2. Levels of Structural Organization Figure 1.1
- 3. Levels of Structural Organization Atoms Building blocks of matter.
- 4. Levels of Structural Organization Atoms Building blocks of matter. Cells Smallest unit in all living organisms.
- 5. Levels of Structural Organization Atoms Building blocks of matter. Cells Smallest unit in all living organisms. Tissues Similar types of cells that have a similar function.
- 6. Levels of Structural Organization Organs Structure of two or more tissues that performs a specific function for the body.
- 7. Levels of Structural Organization Organs Structure of two or more tissues that performs a specific function for the body. Organ System Groups of organs that accomplish a common purpose. 11 systems in the human body
- 8. Levels of Structural Organization Organism All of the organ systems represent the structural organization. Notice the similarity between the structural organization and individual life functions Notice every system is impacted by the needs of an organism
- 9. Protein Synthesis Figure 3.16
- 10. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8a–g
- 11. Cell Diversity
- 12. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8f–g
- 13. Body Tissues Cells are specialized for particular functions Cell differentiation (genes on and off) Structure differences linked to functional differences Tissues Groups of cells with similar structure and function Four primary types Epithelium Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle