This is the era of the renaissance and reformation of the literature history with added knowledge. The above slides have the credibility of learning and finding new things that are more applicable to knowledge.

1. World Literature

2. Group Members
• Waleed Anwar 32363
• Muhammad Shahbaz Ali 32060
• Tashfeen Saqib 32072
• Abdul Rahman Sheikh 32641
• Ali Haider 30431

3. Literature in Renaissance:
Characteristics:
• The Reformation of the 16th century, often referred to as
“Protestant Reformation” in order to distinguish it from a
Catholic “Reformation,” was a pan-European movement
that called for reform of the Roman Catholic Church.
• During the Renaissance the presence of the moralizing
function of the writings was greatly reduced.
• Divine Right of Kings, in European history, a political
doctrine in defense of monarchial absolutism, which
asserted that kings derived their authority from God and
could not therefore be held accountable for their actions by
any earthly authority such as a parliament.
• During the Renaissance, nature began to acquire a very
prominent important since it is presented as a symbol of
perfection.
• Writers reflected a spirit of exploration that was going on
through the world.

4. QUEEN ELIZBABETH
THE FOUNDER OF GOLDEN ERA
• Born on 7 September 1533 at palace of Placentia
• Succeeded to throne in 1558.
• Ruled England till 1603.
• Supported English renaissance.
• Provide base for England Golden Era.
• Worked for peace of England during Christians religious clashes.
• Promoted drama music and dance culture and opened theater in
England.
• Awarded people who were interested in literature.

5. Shakespeare
• Role in English Literature.
• Invented 1700 words (Madcap, laughable, impartial) in English.
• His Famous Plays ( Hamlet, Romeo And Juliet, Macbeth.)
• Conspiracies theories against him.

6. Shakespeare conspiracy theories
• There are few theories
• Shakespeare was a man of romance, but he was also a man of mystery.
• Shakespeare all family was illiterate and poor.
• Sir France bacon
• There are lots of small and large similarities in bacon published works and
shake spare work play.
• The 17 earl of oxford travelled often ran into pirates and had wild
experience many of which were depicted in shake spare works.

7. RENIASSANCE LITERATURE READINGS
1. Hamlet by Shakespeare.
2. Macbeth by Shakespeare.
3. The prince by niccolo Machiavelli.
4. King Lear by William Shakespeare.
5. Paradise Lost by John Milton.
6. Utopia by Sir Thomas More.
7. The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri.
8. Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare.
9. The complete poetry and selected prose by john donne.
10.The complete essay by Michel Montaigne.
11.The faerie queen by Edmund Spenser.
12.Defence of poesy by Philip Sydney.

8. Novels of Shakespeare
• Hamlet is Shakespeare's greatest play because, while the play showcases the
struggles of Danish royals, what Shakespeare has really written about are the core
elements that drive all of us: grief, betrayal, love (or the lack thereof) and family.
• Macbeth is a courage's Scottish general who is not naturally inclined to commit evil
deeds, yet he deeply desire power and advancement . He uses imagery and symbolism
to illustrate the concept of innocence and guilt.
• The prince is a political treatise(contract) written on how to acquire power, create a state
and keep it. The main theme is about whether a prince should be feared and loved. The
people should be feared from him so no one should knock him down.
• Utopia tells us a story about an ideal society whose inhabitants live under perfect
condition . In utopia there is no greed, corruption, power struggle because there is no
money or private property. It mainly focus on slavery, power, wealth, and injustice

9. Literature
Renaissance Humanism

10. What is Renaissance Humanism?
• Renaissance humanism is the study of classical Greek and Roman
literature.
• It was originally called “humanities”, the study of humanity.
• Renaissance Humanism was an optimistic philosophy that saw man as a
rational and sentient being, with the ability to decide and think for himself.
• It started in 14th century Italy and spread throughout Europe in 15th
century.

11. The main elements of Renaissance humanism
• An interest in studying literature and art from antiquity
• An interest in the eloquent use of Latin and philology
• A belief in the importance and power of education to create useful
citizens
• A belief that poets, writers, and artists can lead humanity to a better
way of living

12. The main elements of Renaissance humanism
• The encouragement of non-religious studies
• An emphasis on the individual and their moral autonomy
• A belief in the importance of observation, critical analysis, and creativity
• The promotion of private and civic virtue
• An interest in the question 'what does it mean to be human'?

13. Francesco Petrarch
• Petrarch is known as the Father of Humanism
• He was born in Italy
• Petrarch helped popularize the classical world and
literature study.
• He rediscovered many manuscripts and had Greek
literature translated to Latin so that they could be more
readily read and studied.
• Petrarch believed that the study of the classics could
enhance a person, intellectually and morally.

14. Themes of Renaissance
Secularism
• Secularism comes from the word secular meaning of this
word before the Renaissance medieval Christian
civilization had been largely concerned.
• Principles of secularism:
• Institutional separation
• Freedom of belief
• No discrimination on grounds of religion

15. Individualism
• This intellectual movement emphasize secular ideas
including those from ancient Greek women
Philosophy and literature.
• Important values of Individualism
• Independence
• Self-reliance, individual achievement
• Competition
• Freedom.

16. literature
Development of Drama

17. Early types of drama
• Mystery
Base on bible
• Morality
Taught people how to live

18. Cristopher Marlow
• Marlowe typifies the Renaissance spirit
more completely than any other University
Wits.
• He made heroic theme popular.
• All his plays are tragedies Tamburlaine, The
Jew of Malta, Edward II, Doctor Faustus

19. John Lyly
• Lyly’s plays contain attractive lyrics. He was
the first dramatist to write essentially high
comedy. His best plays are: Alexander, Sapho
and Phao, Endimion, Midas, Love’s
Metamorphosis, The Wife in the Moon etc
Robert Greene
• Greene was a poet, pamphleteer, proto-
novelist and playwright. He is Powerful for
his Romantic setting. His plays include
Alphonsus, King of Aragon, Orlando Furioso,
Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay etc.