Anaphylaxis treatment
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This document outlines treatment for a medical emergency, including giving adrenaline intramuscularly every 10 minutes until stability, preventing late relapse with intramuscular or intravenous antihistamines and steroids, administering high concentration oxygen, treating bronchospasm with salbutamol if present, and giving intravenous fluids for persistent hypotension.
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Acls medications
This document provides guidance on pharmacologic interventions for various cardiac dysrhythmias and conditions including bradycardia, tachycardia, cardiac arrest, and shock. It outlines the mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, dosages, and administration routes for atropine, dopamine, epinephrine, adenosine, diltiazem, metoprolol, amiodarone, lidocaine, magnesium sulfate, and vasopressin.
Acls pharmacology
Pharmacology is an important part of ACLS program. In ACLS Program,we are using many essential drugs for surviving cardiac arrest cases in Emergency department. We are introducing ACLS which is locally called ARC ( Advanced Resuscitation Course) started in Square Hospitals Ltd,Dhaka,Bangladesh. Hope it will help many health care provider to know the useful medication in case of CPR.
Cardiac Medications
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Dobutamine
Dobutamine is a positive inotropic drug that acts directly on cardiac beta-1 receptors to increase myocardial contractility and enhance stroke volume, resulting in increased cardiac output and decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure within 1-2 minutes. Common adverse reactions include nausea, headache, respiratory distress, angina, palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension and ventricular ectopic beats. Dobutamine is contraindicated in atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and phaeochromocytoma.
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Emergency trolley medications mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, adverse reactions, considerations, dosage and calculation.
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This document discusses the classification, causes, symptoms, and treatment of bradycardia. It defines different types of bradycardia based on rhythm and heart block. Common causes include medications, cardiac disease, metabolic abnormalities, and neurological or infectious etiologies. Symptoms range from dizziness to hypotension and shock. Treatment follows ACLS algorithms and may include atropine, transcutaneous pacing, or addressing underlying causes. Case examples demonstrate ECG findings and management of hyperkalemia-induced complete heart block, athlete's heart, and inferior STEMI with complete heart block.
Management of symptomatic bradycardia
This document provides guidance on managing symptomatic bradycardia. It defines bradycardia and distinguishes between symptomatic and adverse bradycardia. For initial management, it recommends assessing ABCDE, obtaining an ECG, starting an IV, providing oxygen monitoring, calling for help, and identifying the cause. Patients with adverse features like shock, ischemia, syncope or heart failure require prompt treatment with atropine up to 3mg in doses of 500mcg every 3-5 minutes. If atropine is not effective, options include isoprenaline, adrenaline, or transcutaneous pacing, and transvenous pacing may be arranged. In some cases of digoxin toxicity, antibody fragments can be tried before
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This document provides summaries of common emergency medications used to treat critical patients. It lists indications, dosages, and considerations for oxygen, epinephrine, atropine, adenosine, amiodarone, dopamine, lidocaine, diltiazem, procainamide, nitroglycerine, magnesium sulfate, and calcium chloride. The document aims to describe the actions and importance of these frequently prescribed critical medications.
Recommended
Acls medications
This document provides guidance on pharmacologic interventions for various cardiac dysrhythmias and conditions including bradycardia, tachycardia, cardiac arrest, and shock. It outlines the mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, dosages, and administration routes for atropine, dopamine, epinephrine, adenosine, diltiazem, metoprolol, amiodarone, lidocaine, magnesium sulfate, and vasopressin.
Acls pharmacology
Pharmacology is an important part of ACLS program. In ACLS Program,we are using many essential drugs for surviving cardiac arrest cases in Emergency department. We are introducing ACLS which is locally called ARC ( Advanced Resuscitation Course) started in Square Hospitals Ltd,Dhaka,Bangladesh. Hope it will help many health care provider to know the useful medication in case of CPR.
Cardiac Medications
Join live classes, download study aids, sell your documents, join or host your own classes online, get tutoring, tutor students, take practices tests and more at Examville.com
Dobutamine
Dobutamine is a positive inotropic drug that acts directly on cardiac beta-1 receptors to increase myocardial contractility and enhance stroke volume, resulting in increased cardiac output and decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure within 1-2 minutes. Common adverse reactions include nausea, headache, respiratory distress, angina, palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension and ventricular ectopic beats. Dobutamine is contraindicated in atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and phaeochromocytoma.
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Bradycardia Assessment and Management
This document discusses the classification, causes, symptoms, and treatment of bradycardia. It defines different types of bradycardia based on rhythm and heart block. Common causes include medications, cardiac disease, metabolic abnormalities, and neurological or infectious etiologies. Symptoms range from dizziness to hypotension and shock. Treatment follows ACLS algorithms and may include atropine, transcutaneous pacing, or addressing underlying causes. Case examples demonstrate ECG findings and management of hyperkalemia-induced complete heart block, athlete's heart, and inferior STEMI with complete heart block.
Management of symptomatic bradycardia
This document provides guidance on managing symptomatic bradycardia. It defines bradycardia and distinguishes between symptomatic and adverse bradycardia. For initial management, it recommends assessing ABCDE, obtaining an ECG, starting an IV, providing oxygen monitoring, calling for help, and identifying the cause. Patients with adverse features like shock, ischemia, syncope or heart failure require prompt treatment with atropine up to 3mg in doses of 500mcg every 3-5 minutes. If atropine is not effective, options include isoprenaline, adrenaline, or transcutaneous pacing, and transvenous pacing may be arranged. In some cases of digoxin toxicity, antibody fragments can be tried before
Critical Medications
This document provides summaries of common emergency medications used to treat critical patients. It lists indications, dosages, and considerations for oxygen, epinephrine, atropine, adenosine, amiodarone, dopamine, lidocaine, diltiazem, procainamide, nitroglycerine, magnesium sulfate, and calcium chloride. The document aims to describe the actions and importance of these frequently prescribed critical medications.
Treatment of Bradycardia
This document discusses the treatment of bradycardia. It describes types of bradycardia including sinus and various atrioventricular blocks. Potential causes are listed ranging from ischemia to infections. Treatment depends on stability and includes identifying and treating the underlying cause, medications like atropine or adrenaline, transcutaneous pacing, and referral to cardiology for temporary pacing wires or permanent pacemaker implantation.
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This document discusses bradycardia, including its definition, causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment. Bradycardia is defined as a resting heart rate below 60 beats per minute. It can be caused by physiological factors like athletic training or pathological factors like drugs, metabolic disorders, or cardiac issues. Symptomatic bradycardia requires three criteria: a slow heart rate, symptoms, and symptoms caused by the slow heart rate. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, and syncope. The bradycardia algorithm outlines assessing perfusion and treating with atropine, pacing, or vasopressors like dopamine or epinephrine depending on the situation.
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This document discusses drug-induced bradycardia. It defines different types of bradycardia including drug-induced, drug-provoked, and drug-associated bradycardia. It provides examples of drugs that can cause clinically significant bradycardia such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiarrhythmic drugs. The document also presents a case study of a 74-year-old female patient who presented with low heart rate. Her bradycardia was assessed as being drug-induced due to her medications for heart conditions, hypertension, hypothyroidism and diabetes. Her treatment plan involved holding two cardiac medications and administering atropine.
Mohan bradycardia copy
presentation on bradycardia, that i presented, i have collected information from various books, internet and other presentation.
Approach to bradycardia
This document provides an overview of adult bradycardia, including its definition, algorithms for assessing stable vs unstable bradycardia, recommended drugs and their dosages, and how to perform transcutaneous pacing. It defines bradycardia as a heart rate below 60 bpm, outlines an approach of ABCs, monitoring, IV access and 12-lead ECG, and recommends atropine as first-line treatment for unstable bradycardia while preparing for potential pacing. Transcutaneous pacing is described as a method to electrically stimulate the heart if bradycardia does not respond to drugs, with the goal of temporarily improving heart rate until more permanent pacing solutions can be established.
Metaraminol
This document discusses a vasopressor agent that has both direct and indirect effects on the sympathetic nervous system. It causes the release of noradrenaline indirectly and acts directly on beta and alpha-1 adrenoceptors. This agent has positive inotropic effects, constricts blood vessels, increases peripheral resistance, elevates blood pressure, and improves cardiac contractility, but overdosage can cause severe hypertension, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest.
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This document discusses the use of inotropes and vasopressors in the emergency department for management of shock. It provides an overview of different drug classes including their mechanisms of action, dosages, and side effects. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how these drugs may be used in scenarios involving hypotension, shock, and heart block. Key drugs discussed include norepinephrine, dopamine, adrenaline, metaraminol, and isoprenaline. The document emphasizes the importance of determining the type of shock and selecting an appropriate drug to increase cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, or both depending on the clinical situation.
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The document defines important terms related to vasoactive drugs and their mechanisms of action. It discusses inotropes, vasopressors, cardiac output, stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, and circulatory shock. It also describes receptors like alpha-1, beta-1, and dopamine D1 receptors. The document provides guidelines for rational use of vasoactive drugs including starting dose, titration, monitoring, and correcting electrolyte imbalances. It also provides methods for calculating dosages of drugs like adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine.
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This document discusses types of shock, goals of therapy for different shock states, and vasopressor pharmacology. It defines hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, neurogenic, and combined shocks. The goals for hypovolemic shock are to increase preload with fluids, while cardiogenic shock aims to increase cardiac output with drugs like dopamine or dobutamine. Septic and neurogenic shock goals are to first increase preload then increase afterload with vasopressors like norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and vasopressin. Norepinephrine is usually the initial vasopressor, while other drugs like dopamine, epinephrine, vasopressin may be used as adjunct
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This document discusses vasopressors and inotropes, including their physiology, principles of use, individual drugs, and complications. It describes the adrenergic receptor subtypes and how drugs like norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, vasopressin, and inamrinone/milrinone act on them. Norepinephrine is the first-line treatment for septic shock while dobutamine is preferred for cardiogenic shock. Potential complications include hypoperfusion, dysrhythmias, local effects, hyperglycemia. The document provides dosing guidelines and discusses implications for septic shock management.
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This document discusses vasoconstrictor drugs used in dentistry including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and levonordefrin. It explains that vasoconstrictors decrease blood flow to the injection site, lower anesthetic blood levels, reduce risk of toxicity, increase duration of local anesthetics, and decrease bleeding. It provides details on the mechanisms and effects of different adrenergic receptors and considers the selectivity, potency, benefits and interactions of various vasoconstrictor drugs. The document also lists conditions where vasoconstrictor use should be avoided or minimized such as certain heart diseases.
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This document discusses various types of shock and medications used to treat shock. Shock is defined as inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Types of shock include septic, cardiogenic, hemorrhagic, and neurogenic shock. Common pressor medications discussed are dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dobutamine, and vasopressin. Each medication has different effects mediated through alpha and beta receptor stimulation, with some causing vasoconstriction and others increasing cardiac output. Norepinephrine is emerging as a preferred agent for treating septic shock.
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The document discusses the nervous system, specifically focusing on the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and its divisions - the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system. The ANS can be further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which have opposing effects. The parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine as its main neurotransmitter and targets organs via muscarinic receptors to induce relaxation responses. Cholinergic drugs that act on muscarinic receptors are used to treat various conditions like glaucoma and myasthenia gravis.
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This document discusses the treatment of bradycardia. It describes types of bradycardia including sinus and various atrioventricular blocks. Potential causes are listed ranging from ischemia to infections. Treatment depends on stability and includes identifying and treating the underlying cause, medications like atropine or adrenaline, transcutaneous pacing, and referral to cardiology for temporary pacing wires or permanent pacemaker implantation.
Bradycardia
This document discusses bradycardia, including its definition, causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment. Bradycardia is defined as a resting heart rate below 60 beats per minute. It can be caused by physiological factors like athletic training or pathological factors like drugs, metabolic disorders, or cardiac issues. Symptomatic bradycardia requires three criteria: a slow heart rate, symptoms, and symptoms caused by the slow heart rate. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, and syncope. The bradycardia algorithm outlines assessing perfusion and treating with atropine, pacing, or vasopressors like dopamine or epinephrine depending on the situation.
Drug induced bradycardia
This document discusses drug-induced bradycardia. It defines different types of bradycardia including drug-induced, drug-provoked, and drug-associated bradycardia. It provides examples of drugs that can cause clinically significant bradycardia such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiarrhythmic drugs. The document also presents a case study of a 74-year-old female patient who presented with low heart rate. Her bradycardia was assessed as being drug-induced due to her medications for heart conditions, hypertension, hypothyroidism and diabetes. Her treatment plan involved holding two cardiac medications and administering atropine.
Mohan bradycardia copy
presentation on bradycardia, that i presented, i have collected information from various books, internet and other presentation.
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This document provides an overview of adult bradycardia, including its definition, algorithms for assessing stable vs unstable bradycardia, recommended drugs and their dosages, and how to perform transcutaneous pacing. It defines bradycardia as a heart rate below 60 bpm, outlines an approach of ABCs, monitoring, IV access and 12-lead ECG, and recommends atropine as first-line treatment for unstable bradycardia while preparing for potential pacing. Transcutaneous pacing is described as a method to electrically stimulate the heart if bradycardia does not respond to drugs, with the goal of temporarily improving heart rate until more permanent pacing solutions can be established.
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This document discusses a vasopressor agent that has both direct and indirect effects on the sympathetic nervous system. It causes the release of noradrenaline indirectly and acts directly on beta and alpha-1 adrenoceptors. This agent has positive inotropic effects, constricts blood vessels, increases peripheral resistance, elevates blood pressure, and improves cardiac contractility, but overdosage can cause severe hypertension, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest.
Haemodynamic drug infusions
Hemodynamic shock (HS) is a clinical syndrome commonly seen in hospitalized patients characterized by ineffective organ perfusion and dysfunction. The document discusses various types of shock and treatments. It describes different vasoactive drugs used to treat shock states including norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, phenylephrine, calcium channel sensitizers, vasopressin, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Norepinephrine is considered the first-line vasopressor for vasodilatory shock while dobutamine is preferred for cardiogenic shock with low cardiac output.
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This document discusses anti-ischemic drugs used to treat angina. It defines ischemia as insufficient blood supply and oxygen delivery to tissues. The main causes of ischemia are discussed as atherosclerosis and blood clots blocking arteries. Different types of angina - stable, unstable, and variant - are also defined. The document then summarizes the mechanisms and uses of several classes of anti-ischemic drugs - nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiplatelet drugs. Specific drugs within each class are mentioned along with their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications and importance in treating different forms of angina and acute coronary syndromes.
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Vasopressors and inotropes
This document summarizes different vasopressors and inotropes used to treat hypotension. It describes the receptor activities, physiological effects, indications, and complications of various drugs including phenylephrine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, vasopressin, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. It provides guidance on selecting agents and titrating doses based on the underlying cause of hypotension and the patient's clinical status.
Ionotropes and vasopressor use in the ED
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A hint about inotropes and vasopressors
The document defines important terms related to vasoactive drugs and their mechanisms of action. It discusses inotropes, vasopressors, cardiac output, stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, and circulatory shock. It also describes receptors like alpha-1, beta-1, and dopamine D1 receptors. The document provides guidelines for rational use of vasoactive drugs including starting dose, titration, monitoring, and correcting electrolyte imbalances. It also provides methods for calculating dosages of drugs like adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine.
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The document discusses therapeutic hypothermia for cardiac arrest patients. It describes a 3 phase model of cardiac arrest, with time windows for electrical, circulatory, and metabolic phases. Therapeutic hypothermia aims to cool patients to 32-34°C within 2-4 hours of regaining spontaneous circulation to prevent further neurological damage. Studies show therapeutic hypothermia improves survival rates and neurological outcomes compared to normothermia. The document also discusses various cooling methods, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and how pre-hospital cooling programs like Richmond Ambulance Authority have improved survival rates by initiating cooling earlier.
Pharmacology of-vasopressors-and-inotropes
The document discusses the pharmacology of vasopressors and inotropes. It describes how these drugs work via the autonomic nervous system, especially on alpha, beta, and dopamine receptors. Adrenaline is discussed as the most commonly used drug and acts on multiple receptor types. Other vasopressors mentioned include ephedrine, methoxamine, metaraminol, and phenylephrine. Inotropes given by infusion include noradrenaline, dopamine, dobutamine, dopexamine, isoprenaline, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. A clinical case study reviews the use of ephedrine to treat hypotension during a lower segment Caesarean
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This document discusses types of shock, goals of therapy for different shock states, and vasopressor pharmacology. It defines hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, neurogenic, and combined shocks. The goals for hypovolemic shock are to increase preload with fluids, while cardiogenic shock aims to increase cardiac output with drugs like dopamine or dobutamine. Septic and neurogenic shock goals are to first increase preload then increase afterload with vasopressors like norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and vasopressin. Norepinephrine is usually the initial vasopressor, while other drugs like dopamine, epinephrine, vasopressin may be used as adjunct
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Atropine is indicated for symptomatic sinus bradycardia. Nitroglycerin should not be given topically with cardioversion or concurrently with Viagra due to risk of excessive hypotension. The appropriate dose of vasopressin for pulseless VT/VF is 40 units IV push.
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This document discusses vasopressors and inotropes, including their physiology, principles of use, individual drugs, and complications. It describes the adrenergic receptor subtypes and how drugs like norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, vasopressin, and inamrinone/milrinone act on them. Norepinephrine is the first-line treatment for septic shock while dobutamine is preferred for cardiogenic shock. Potential complications include hypoperfusion, dysrhythmias, local effects, hyperglycemia. The document provides dosing guidelines and discusses implications for septic shock management.
Pharmacology of vasoconstriction drug
This document discusses vasoconstrictor drugs used in dentistry including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and levonordefrin. It explains that vasoconstrictors decrease blood flow to the injection site, lower anesthetic blood levels, reduce risk of toxicity, increase duration of local anesthetics, and decrease bleeding. It provides details on the mechanisms and effects of different adrenergic receptors and considers the selectivity, potency, benefits and interactions of various vasoconstrictor drugs. The document also lists conditions where vasoconstrictor use should be avoided or minimized such as certain heart diseases.
Shock And Vasoactive Drugs
This document discusses various types of shock and medications used to treat shock. Shock is defined as inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Types of shock include septic, cardiogenic, hemorrhagic, and neurogenic shock. Common pressor medications discussed are dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dobutamine, and vasopressin. Each medication has different effects mediated through alpha and beta receptor stimulation, with some causing vasoconstriction and others increasing cardiac output. Norepinephrine is emerging as a preferred agent for treating septic shock.
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2. Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis characterized by severe personality changes and thought disorders. It has an onset in late teens to early twenties and has both genetic and environmental risk factors.
3. Antipsychotic drugs treat psychosis by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain. Older "typical" antipsychotics are more likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects while newer "atypical" antipsychotics have fewer neurological side effects.
Ans latest
The document discusses the nervous system, specifically focusing on the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and its divisions - the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system. The ANS can be further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which have opposing effects. The parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine as its main neurotransmitter and targets organs via muscarinic receptors to induce relaxation responses. Cholinergic drugs that act on muscarinic receptors are used to treat various conditions like glaucoma and myasthenia gravis.
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