This document describes the implementation of a software-defined Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver using a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) as the radio frequency front end and GNU Radio for signal processing software. The receiver design includes a GPS antenna, bias tee, low noise amplifier, and USRP-N210 with daughter board to receive GPS signals. GPS signal acquisition, tracking, and navigation solution computation are performed in software. Real-time position fixes are obtained by tracking multiple GPS satellites simultaneously. The software receiver provides flexibility to experiment with different signal processing parameters and algorithms.
Less than 1 second GPS hot-start TTF below -150dBm without A-GPSDavid Tester
This document summarizes the key aspects of a self-assisting GPS receiver architecture capable of continuous location awareness. Section III outlines GPS system performance, while Section IV covers A-GPS network assistance. Section VI proposes a 5mW receiver architecture that can continuously operate in the background. Rather than optimizing for fast TTFF, it prioritizes maintaining an accurate local GPS time estimate to minimize the search space and deliver push-to-fix operation with sub-2 second TTF even at -150dBm signal levels, outperforming A-GPS. The receiver achieves this through a virtuous cycle of periodically activating to re-lock to GPS and refine its time prediction.
The document discusses the subsystems of an Earth station. It describes the major subsystems as the transmitter, receiver, antenna, tracking, and power subsystems. The transmitter subsystem takes signals to transmit, amplifies them, and sends them to the antenna. The receiver subsystem amplifies and processes signals received from the satellite. The antenna subsystem includes the feed system and reflector to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. The tracking subsystem keeps the antenna beam aligned on the satellite. The power subsystem provides power from the electric grid and has backup generators or batteries.
This document summarizes a student project on signal processing using a Pluto-SDR hardware platform and GNU Radio Companion software. It introduces software defined radio (SDR) and discusses implementing basic digital modulation schemes like AM and FM. Experiments were conducted transmitting test signals, taking FFTs and waterfall plots of received signals, and building an FM receiver flowgraph. The document concludes SDR concepts were demonstrated practically using the Pluto-SDR and GRC helps learn communication system theories.
This document discusses using a Pluto-SDR device with GNU Radio Companion software to implement basic digital signal processing and modulation schemes. It describes how software defined radio works by implementing hardware processes in software. Simple modulation schemes like AM and FM were tested using the Pluto-SDR with GNU Radio and an oscilloscope tool to view the output signals. Cyclic sine waves, AM modulation, and an FM receiver were implemented as examples. The goal was to learn the concepts of software defined radio in a practical way using open source tools.
The document provides an introduction to GNU Radio, including:
1. GNU Radio is an open source software toolkit for building software defined radios and signal processing systems. It works with low-cost hardware like the USRP to allow processing of waveforms in software.
2. The GNU Radio architecture includes the USRP hardware which handles analog-digital conversion and the FPGA, and a software architecture built on signal processing blocks that can be connected graphically.
3. Programming GNU Radio involves tasks like creating a "Hello World" program and building an FM radio receiver by connecting different signal processing blocks in software.
UWA M.E Project Report - Implementation of a Software FM Receiver using GNU R...Sameer Murthy
This document presents the design, testing and implementation of a software-defined radio (SDR) framework using GNU Radio and the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). As a case study, a simple frequency modulated (FM) radio receiver is implemented to demonstrate the flexibility of the SDR approach. The SDR system is tested on actual hardware using a PC to run the software and a USRP board to handle radio frequency signals. Results show the FM receiver can successfully demodulate signals and play the received audio. The document discusses key concepts in SDR such as GNU Radio, frequency modulation, and the promises of software-defined architectures over traditional rigid radio platforms.
This document discusses implementing a low probability of intercept (LPI) radio transmitter using GNU Radio and a USRP radio hardware platform. It provides an overview of the system architecture, describing how GNU Radio software interfaces with the USRP hardware. It then outlines the DSP design flow, including writing custom signal processing blocks in C++. Finally, it details the implementation of the LPI radio transmitter, describing blocks for Manchester encoding, amplitude modulation using oscillators, and configuration of the USRP for transmission.
This document discusses using GNU Radio for space research applications. It describes hardware-defined versus software-defined radios and commercially available SDRs. GNU Radio is introduced as free and open-source software that can be used with an SDR to create signal processing applications through a graphical interface. Examples are given of using GNU Radio for ground-satellite applications like receiving weather satellite images. The document also describes a federated satellite systems approach and a prototype FSS negotiator using GNU Radio. An experimental MONSTER project is outlined that used GNU Radio on a Raspberry Pi to transmit and receive data between high-altitude balloons.
Less than 1 second GPS hot-start TTF below -150dBm without A-GPSDavid Tester
This document summarizes the key aspects of a self-assisting GPS receiver architecture capable of continuous location awareness. Section III outlines GPS system performance, while Section IV covers A-GPS network assistance. Section VI proposes a 5mW receiver architecture that can continuously operate in the background. Rather than optimizing for fast TTFF, it prioritizes maintaining an accurate local GPS time estimate to minimize the search space and deliver push-to-fix operation with sub-2 second TTF even at -150dBm signal levels, outperforming A-GPS. The receiver achieves this through a virtuous cycle of periodically activating to re-lock to GPS and refine its time prediction.
The document discusses the subsystems of an Earth station. It describes the major subsystems as the transmitter, receiver, antenna, tracking, and power subsystems. The transmitter subsystem takes signals to transmit, amplifies them, and sends them to the antenna. The receiver subsystem amplifies and processes signals received from the satellite. The antenna subsystem includes the feed system and reflector to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. The tracking subsystem keeps the antenna beam aligned on the satellite. The power subsystem provides power from the electric grid and has backup generators or batteries.
This document summarizes a student project on signal processing using a Pluto-SDR hardware platform and GNU Radio Companion software. It introduces software defined radio (SDR) and discusses implementing basic digital modulation schemes like AM and FM. Experiments were conducted transmitting test signals, taking FFTs and waterfall plots of received signals, and building an FM receiver flowgraph. The document concludes SDR concepts were demonstrated practically using the Pluto-SDR and GRC helps learn communication system theories.
This document discusses using a Pluto-SDR device with GNU Radio Companion software to implement basic digital signal processing and modulation schemes. It describes how software defined radio works by implementing hardware processes in software. Simple modulation schemes like AM and FM were tested using the Pluto-SDR with GNU Radio and an oscilloscope tool to view the output signals. Cyclic sine waves, AM modulation, and an FM receiver were implemented as examples. The goal was to learn the concepts of software defined radio in a practical way using open source tools.
The document provides an introduction to GNU Radio, including:
1. GNU Radio is an open source software toolkit for building software defined radios and signal processing systems. It works with low-cost hardware like the USRP to allow processing of waveforms in software.
2. The GNU Radio architecture includes the USRP hardware which handles analog-digital conversion and the FPGA, and a software architecture built on signal processing blocks that can be connected graphically.
3. Programming GNU Radio involves tasks like creating a "Hello World" program and building an FM radio receiver by connecting different signal processing blocks in software.
UWA M.E Project Report - Implementation of a Software FM Receiver using GNU R...Sameer Murthy
This document presents the design, testing and implementation of a software-defined radio (SDR) framework using GNU Radio and the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). As a case study, a simple frequency modulated (FM) radio receiver is implemented to demonstrate the flexibility of the SDR approach. The SDR system is tested on actual hardware using a PC to run the software and a USRP board to handle radio frequency signals. Results show the FM receiver can successfully demodulate signals and play the received audio. The document discusses key concepts in SDR such as GNU Radio, frequency modulation, and the promises of software-defined architectures over traditional rigid radio platforms.
This document discusses implementing a low probability of intercept (LPI) radio transmitter using GNU Radio and a USRP radio hardware platform. It provides an overview of the system architecture, describing how GNU Radio software interfaces with the USRP hardware. It then outlines the DSP design flow, including writing custom signal processing blocks in C++. Finally, it details the implementation of the LPI radio transmitter, describing blocks for Manchester encoding, amplitude modulation using oscillators, and configuration of the USRP for transmission.
This document discusses using GNU Radio for space research applications. It describes hardware-defined versus software-defined radios and commercially available SDRs. GNU Radio is introduced as free and open-source software that can be used with an SDR to create signal processing applications through a graphical interface. Examples are given of using GNU Radio for ground-satellite applications like receiving weather satellite images. The document also describes a federated satellite systems approach and a prototype FSS negotiator using GNU Radio. An experimental MONSTER project is outlined that used GNU Radio on a Raspberry Pi to transmit and receive data between high-altitude balloons.
Introduction to Digital Signal Processing Using GNU RadioAlbert Huang
The document discusses digital signal processing using GNU Radio. It begins with an introduction to software-defined radio (SDR) and GNU Radio. It then demonstrates how to add a simple moving average filter in GNU Radio and analyzes the filter using back-of-the-envelope calculations. Specifically, it shows that the filter has a low-pass frequency response by examining how it averages input samples over time. The document thus provides an overview of SDR concepts and a hands-on example of creating and analyzing a basic filter using GNU Radio.
1) GNU Radio is an open-source software development toolkit that provides signal processing blocks to implement software-defined radios. It can be used with low-cost hardware such as the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) for rapid prototyping of wireless systems.
2) The USRP is a flexible radio hardware platform for software-defined radio that features ADCs, DACs, and an FPGA. It supports various daughterboards for different frequency ranges and has been used to implement systems like cognitive radios and wireless networking.
3) The USRP2 is an updated version of the USRP that features higher speed ADCs/DACs, a larger FPGA, and a Gigab
A Glimpse into Developing Software-Defined Radio by PythonAlbert Huang
Software-defined radio~(SDR) has been emerging for many years in
various fields, including military, commercial communication
systems, and scientific research, e.g. space exploration. GNU Radio
is an open source SDR framework written in Python. This talk will introduce from basic concept of software-defined radio and various
front-end hardware, and then illustrate how to use Python to develop
SDR.
Positioning techniques in 3 g networks (1)kike2005
Independent Study Presentation on Positioning Techniques in 3G Networks. The presentation discusses [1] positioning parameters in 3G networks such as RSCP, RSS, RTT, and AoA; and [2] positioning techniques including enhancements to the basic Cell ID method, OTDOA methods using IPDL and CVB, the Database Correlation Method using power delay profiles, and the Pilot Correlation Method using pilot signal measurements. Simulation results are presented showing the accuracy of some of these techniques.
This document discusses tools used for field measurements and drive testing of LTE networks. It provides details on terminals that can be used for measurements, including the Samsung B3710 and LG LD100/G7 phones, as well as the Aeroflex TM500 test terminal. It also discusses various drive test tools like XCAL, Nemo Outdoor, and JDSU E6474A that can be used with these terminals for data collection. Finally, it briefly outlines some commercial post-processing tools available for analyzing the collected LTE drive test data, including Actix Analyzer, Nemo Analyze, Accuver XCAP, and TEMS Discovery LTE.
Design and implementation of sdr based qpsk transceiver using fpgaTarik Kazaz
Software-defined radio (SDR) technology enables
implementation of wireless devices that support multiple air interfaces and modulation formats, which is very important
if consider the proliferation of wireless standards. To enable such functionality SDR is using reconfigurable hardware platform such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this paper, we present design procedure and implementation result of SDR based QPSK modulator on Altera Cyclone IV FPGA. For design and implementation of QPSK modulator we used Altera DSP
Builder Tool combined with Matlab/Simulink, Modelsim and
Quartus II design tools. As reconfigurable hardware platform
we used Altera DE2-115 development and education board with
AD/DA daughter card. Software and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)
simulation was conducted before hardware implementation and
verification of designed system. This method of design makes
implementation of SDR based modulators simpler ad faster.
Index Terms—SDR, FPGA, QPSK, DSP Builder, NCO, RRC
Presentation of the paper "AN IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIOS FOR FEDERATED AEROSPACE NETWORKS" at the 8th International Workshop on Satellite Constellations and Formation Flying, 8 - 10 June, TUD, Delft
2012 july mil soft_ie_capabilities__iic_solutions-general-engmilsoftSDC
The document discusses MilSOFT's capabilities in network centric imagery intelligence and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems. It describes several of MilSOFT's projects involving Turkish UAV programs, including the TIES and RVT systems used in Phase 1 and the GCSMS used in Phase 2. It also outlines MilSOFT's general image processing capabilities and its GOKHAN image exploitation and target analysis system. Finally, it discusses MilSOFT's net centric air intelligence solutions and the operational advantages they provide at all levels through a centralized infrastructure.
Software defined radio uses software to control radio functions like modulation and demodulation rather than using dedicated hardware components. It allows a software radio to function as different types of radios through software changes alone. This reduces costs compared to hardware radios and makes radios more flexible and upgradable. Software defined radios achieve this by sampling radio signals digitally and performing signal processing using software on a general purpose processor or computer rather than dedicated circuits.
This document discusses software defined radio (SDR) and various low-cost SDR devices that can be used for experimenting with radio signals, including RTL-SDR USB dongles, HackRF, NooElec SDR sticks, and FUNcube Dongles. It provides information on software like GNU Radio, Gqrx, rtl-sdr library, ViewRF, and OpenBTS for processing radio signals on devices like the BeagleBone Black.
This document summarizes the equipment and capabilities of the D-TECH HD SNG fully redundant uplink system. It includes a 1.5 meter antenna, dual 400W HPAs, HD/SD encoders and decoders, an 8 input HD/SD video switcher, HD/SD frame synchronizers, a 16x2 backup switch, HD/SD VTRs, a 16 channel audio console, wireless systems, generators, UPS systems, and a spacious production area. It can provide HD or SD encoding and transmission over Ku-band satellite uplink from its vehicle setup.
Vocational training at DDK Delhi by SAKET RAISAKET RAI
This document provides a summary of the vocational training report submitted by Saket Rai, who completed an industrial training program at Doordarshan Kendra in New Delhi. It discusses the various sections and facilities at Doordarshan Kendra, including the TV studio, production control room, transmission control room, master switching room, and earth station. The report also provides details about the functions and equipment used in each section.
The document discusses VERIPOS' PPP-AR positioning service which provides centimeter-level global positioning using GNSS networks. PPP-AR offers faster initialization and reinitialization than traditional PPP, providing RTK-like accuracy globally. It works by estimating additional bias parameters to resolve carrier phase ambiguities. VERIPOS upgraded its infrastructure to support PPP-AR, including new reference stations and servers. PPP-AR demonstrates rapid reconvergence from signal outages, bridging gaps within seconds, making it suitable for applications where GNSS signals may be interrupted.
SCA To Date and Motivation for Change. These slides will discuss why the JTRS Program Executive Office (JPEO) is aggressively procuring Software Defined Radio (SDR) consortium and industry assistance to spearhead a high impact evolution of the Software Communications Architecture (SCA) intended to deliver better radio performance along with a smaller footprint for waveforms and radio software. The webcast audience will learn about innovative SCA change proposal details and identified opportunities for near term radio performance impact with rapid market availability of these new capabilities via highly motivated COTS SDR software and development tool vendors.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
The document discusses self-optimization techniques for 4G mobile networks. It describes the motivation for self-organizing networks as manual configuration and optimization becomes too complex. It outlines requirements for self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing. The vision is for fully distributed self-management without manual network element management. Specific techniques discussed include mobility robustness optimization using parameters like time-to-trigger and handover margins. Simulation results show self-optimization algorithms improving handover success rates. Coverage and capacity optimization techniques like antenna tilt optimization are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of key elements and trends in high-quality image production, including spatial resolution, temporal resolution, dynamic range, color gamut, quantization, and related technologies. It discusses technologies like HD, UHD, HDR and WCG and how they improve the total quality of experience. Images and charts are included to illustrate comparisons of technologies and results from industry surveys on trends and commercial projects.
EFFECTIVE RESOURCE SHARING WITH UNIVERSAL BASE-BAND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY SUP...IAEME Publication
In our paper, SRAN (single radio access network technology) supports multi-band and multi-mode communication for mobile users. In this, we address the signaling impact results of various mobile bands and its spectrum utilization, resource utilization for high speed and its reduced latency model. We deployed this architecture of network using reduced space capacity and increased network resource utilization. Achievements made by simplicity of baseband board technology. This introduces an optimization problem involving a trade-off between the number of additional bands that are required and the costs of moving through the mobile field for the purpose of spectrum usage. The Basic idea is to achieve 2G, 3G and LTE communication using a single multi-band rectangular antenna. The method proposed guarantee that no further delay or latency of the network can occur during the restoration. It considers about the energy consumption and the remaining energy of base station as well as quality of links to find energy-efficient and reliable routes that increase the operational lifetime of the network. Quality of Service of the communication network is also improved in rural or hilly regions. From this, we will analyze the multimode concurrency and conclude the performance of different bands. The performance can be shown in graphical model.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
The document describes the design of a mobile satellite communication station. The station will allow a university's satellite lab to communicate with satellites from different locations as they move, increasing contact time. It will include a motorized 2.4m S-band antenna, software defined radio, and auto-calibration system to account for the vehicle's movement. The goal is to design a highly mobile station that can operate satellites, record passes, and accommodate multiple satellites simultaneously.
This paper presents the design and development of a customized low-cost GPS receiver to be tested on the PNSS-1 microsatellite. The GPS receiver is optimized to meet PNSS-1 requirements including positional accuracy better than 20m and update rate greater than 1 Hz. The receiver uses COTS components including an FPGA and consists of a front-end module and processing system. The front-end receives and digitizes GPS signals, while the processing system performs correlation, decoding, tracking and acquisition to determine satellite position and velocity information. Preliminary results suggest the design meets PNSS-1 specifications using space-graded components.
Introduction to Digital Signal Processing Using GNU RadioAlbert Huang
The document discusses digital signal processing using GNU Radio. It begins with an introduction to software-defined radio (SDR) and GNU Radio. It then demonstrates how to add a simple moving average filter in GNU Radio and analyzes the filter using back-of-the-envelope calculations. Specifically, it shows that the filter has a low-pass frequency response by examining how it averages input samples over time. The document thus provides an overview of SDR concepts and a hands-on example of creating and analyzing a basic filter using GNU Radio.
1) GNU Radio is an open-source software development toolkit that provides signal processing blocks to implement software-defined radios. It can be used with low-cost hardware such as the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) for rapid prototyping of wireless systems.
2) The USRP is a flexible radio hardware platform for software-defined radio that features ADCs, DACs, and an FPGA. It supports various daughterboards for different frequency ranges and has been used to implement systems like cognitive radios and wireless networking.
3) The USRP2 is an updated version of the USRP that features higher speed ADCs/DACs, a larger FPGA, and a Gigab
A Glimpse into Developing Software-Defined Radio by PythonAlbert Huang
Software-defined radio~(SDR) has been emerging for many years in
various fields, including military, commercial communication
systems, and scientific research, e.g. space exploration. GNU Radio
is an open source SDR framework written in Python. This talk will introduce from basic concept of software-defined radio and various
front-end hardware, and then illustrate how to use Python to develop
SDR.
Positioning techniques in 3 g networks (1)kike2005
Independent Study Presentation on Positioning Techniques in 3G Networks. The presentation discusses [1] positioning parameters in 3G networks such as RSCP, RSS, RTT, and AoA; and [2] positioning techniques including enhancements to the basic Cell ID method, OTDOA methods using IPDL and CVB, the Database Correlation Method using power delay profiles, and the Pilot Correlation Method using pilot signal measurements. Simulation results are presented showing the accuracy of some of these techniques.
This document discusses tools used for field measurements and drive testing of LTE networks. It provides details on terminals that can be used for measurements, including the Samsung B3710 and LG LD100/G7 phones, as well as the Aeroflex TM500 test terminal. It also discusses various drive test tools like XCAL, Nemo Outdoor, and JDSU E6474A that can be used with these terminals for data collection. Finally, it briefly outlines some commercial post-processing tools available for analyzing the collected LTE drive test data, including Actix Analyzer, Nemo Analyze, Accuver XCAP, and TEMS Discovery LTE.
Design and implementation of sdr based qpsk transceiver using fpgaTarik Kazaz
Software-defined radio (SDR) technology enables
implementation of wireless devices that support multiple air interfaces and modulation formats, which is very important
if consider the proliferation of wireless standards. To enable such functionality SDR is using reconfigurable hardware platform such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this paper, we present design procedure and implementation result of SDR based QPSK modulator on Altera Cyclone IV FPGA. For design and implementation of QPSK modulator we used Altera DSP
Builder Tool combined with Matlab/Simulink, Modelsim and
Quartus II design tools. As reconfigurable hardware platform
we used Altera DE2-115 development and education board with
AD/DA daughter card. Software and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)
simulation was conducted before hardware implementation and
verification of designed system. This method of design makes
implementation of SDR based modulators simpler ad faster.
Index Terms—SDR, FPGA, QPSK, DSP Builder, NCO, RRC
Presentation of the paper "AN IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIOS FOR FEDERATED AEROSPACE NETWORKS" at the 8th International Workshop on Satellite Constellations and Formation Flying, 8 - 10 June, TUD, Delft
2012 july mil soft_ie_capabilities__iic_solutions-general-engmilsoftSDC
The document discusses MilSOFT's capabilities in network centric imagery intelligence and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems. It describes several of MilSOFT's projects involving Turkish UAV programs, including the TIES and RVT systems used in Phase 1 and the GCSMS used in Phase 2. It also outlines MilSOFT's general image processing capabilities and its GOKHAN image exploitation and target analysis system. Finally, it discusses MilSOFT's net centric air intelligence solutions and the operational advantages they provide at all levels through a centralized infrastructure.
Software defined radio uses software to control radio functions like modulation and demodulation rather than using dedicated hardware components. It allows a software radio to function as different types of radios through software changes alone. This reduces costs compared to hardware radios and makes radios more flexible and upgradable. Software defined radios achieve this by sampling radio signals digitally and performing signal processing using software on a general purpose processor or computer rather than dedicated circuits.
This document discusses software defined radio (SDR) and various low-cost SDR devices that can be used for experimenting with radio signals, including RTL-SDR USB dongles, HackRF, NooElec SDR sticks, and FUNcube Dongles. It provides information on software like GNU Radio, Gqrx, rtl-sdr library, ViewRF, and OpenBTS for processing radio signals on devices like the BeagleBone Black.
This document summarizes the equipment and capabilities of the D-TECH HD SNG fully redundant uplink system. It includes a 1.5 meter antenna, dual 400W HPAs, HD/SD encoders and decoders, an 8 input HD/SD video switcher, HD/SD frame synchronizers, a 16x2 backup switch, HD/SD VTRs, a 16 channel audio console, wireless systems, generators, UPS systems, and a spacious production area. It can provide HD or SD encoding and transmission over Ku-band satellite uplink from its vehicle setup.
Vocational training at DDK Delhi by SAKET RAISAKET RAI
This document provides a summary of the vocational training report submitted by Saket Rai, who completed an industrial training program at Doordarshan Kendra in New Delhi. It discusses the various sections and facilities at Doordarshan Kendra, including the TV studio, production control room, transmission control room, master switching room, and earth station. The report also provides details about the functions and equipment used in each section.
The document discusses VERIPOS' PPP-AR positioning service which provides centimeter-level global positioning using GNSS networks. PPP-AR offers faster initialization and reinitialization than traditional PPP, providing RTK-like accuracy globally. It works by estimating additional bias parameters to resolve carrier phase ambiguities. VERIPOS upgraded its infrastructure to support PPP-AR, including new reference stations and servers. PPP-AR demonstrates rapid reconvergence from signal outages, bridging gaps within seconds, making it suitable for applications where GNSS signals may be interrupted.
SCA To Date and Motivation for Change. These slides will discuss why the JTRS Program Executive Office (JPEO) is aggressively procuring Software Defined Radio (SDR) consortium and industry assistance to spearhead a high impact evolution of the Software Communications Architecture (SCA) intended to deliver better radio performance along with a smaller footprint for waveforms and radio software. The webcast audience will learn about innovative SCA change proposal details and identified opportunities for near term radio performance impact with rapid market availability of these new capabilities via highly motivated COTS SDR software and development tool vendors.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
The document discusses self-optimization techniques for 4G mobile networks. It describes the motivation for self-organizing networks as manual configuration and optimization becomes too complex. It outlines requirements for self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing. The vision is for fully distributed self-management without manual network element management. Specific techniques discussed include mobility robustness optimization using parameters like time-to-trigger and handover margins. Simulation results show self-optimization algorithms improving handover success rates. Coverage and capacity optimization techniques like antenna tilt optimization are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of key elements and trends in high-quality image production, including spatial resolution, temporal resolution, dynamic range, color gamut, quantization, and related technologies. It discusses technologies like HD, UHD, HDR and WCG and how they improve the total quality of experience. Images and charts are included to illustrate comparisons of technologies and results from industry surveys on trends and commercial projects.
EFFECTIVE RESOURCE SHARING WITH UNIVERSAL BASE-BAND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY SUP...IAEME Publication
In our paper, SRAN (single radio access network technology) supports multi-band and multi-mode communication for mobile users. In this, we address the signaling impact results of various mobile bands and its spectrum utilization, resource utilization for high speed and its reduced latency model. We deployed this architecture of network using reduced space capacity and increased network resource utilization. Achievements made by simplicity of baseband board technology. This introduces an optimization problem involving a trade-off between the number of additional bands that are required and the costs of moving through the mobile field for the purpose of spectrum usage. The Basic idea is to achieve 2G, 3G and LTE communication using a single multi-band rectangular antenna. The method proposed guarantee that no further delay or latency of the network can occur during the restoration. It considers about the energy consumption and the remaining energy of base station as well as quality of links to find energy-efficient and reliable routes that increase the operational lifetime of the network. Quality of Service of the communication network is also improved in rural or hilly regions. From this, we will analyze the multimode concurrency and conclude the performance of different bands. The performance can be shown in graphical model.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
The document describes the design of a mobile satellite communication station. The station will allow a university's satellite lab to communicate with satellites from different locations as they move, increasing contact time. It will include a motorized 2.4m S-band antenna, software defined radio, and auto-calibration system to account for the vehicle's movement. The goal is to design a highly mobile station that can operate satellites, record passes, and accommodate multiple satellites simultaneously.
This paper presents the design and development of a customized low-cost GPS receiver to be tested on the PNSS-1 microsatellite. The GPS receiver is optimized to meet PNSS-1 requirements including positional accuracy better than 20m and update rate greater than 1 Hz. The receiver uses COTS components including an FPGA and consists of a front-end module and processing system. The front-end receives and digitizes GPS signals, while the processing system performs correlation, decoding, tracking and acquisition to determine satellite position and velocity information. Preliminary results suggest the design meets PNSS-1 specifications using space-graded components.
GNU Radio based Real Time Data Transmission and ReceptionIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on real-time data transmission and reception using digital modulation techniques in GNU Radio. The researchers implemented Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK), Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK), and Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) using GNU Waveguru and GNU Octave tools. GNU Radio was used as a software-defined radio framework to generate and analyze baseband signals and implement the digital modulations. GNU Octave accepted real-time text input from the user and saved it to a file. The modulation techniques were then used to transmit the text data over a wireless medium.
This document summarizes an analysis of long term bit error rate (BER) dynamics over wireless channels in different indoor and outdoor environments using software-defined radio. BER was measured over several minutes between stationary transmitters and receivers separated by a few meters to 50 meters. In a lab, hallway, and outdoor quadrangle environment, BER was found to exhibit interesting long term trends and fluctuations not captured by typical wireless channel models. BPSK generally had lower BER than QPSK and GMSK. Higher receiver gains also improved reception quality and lowered BER.
Implementation of Algorithms For Multi-Channel Digital Monitoring ReceiverIOSR Journals
Abstract: Monitoring Receivers form an important constituent of the Electronic support. In Monitoring
Receiver we can monitor, demodulate or scan the multiple channels.
In this project, the Implementation of algorithm for multi channel digital monitoring receiver. The
implementation will carry out the channelization by the way of Digital down Converters (DDCs) and Digital
Base band Demodulation. The Intermediate Frequency (IF) at 10.7 MHz will be digitalized using Analog to
Digital Converter (ADC) with sampling frequency 52.5 MHz and further converted to Base band using DDCs.
Virtually all the digital receivers perform channel access using a DDC. The Base band data will be streamed to
the appropriate demodulators. Matlab Simulink will be used to simulate the logic modules before the
implementation. This system will be prototyped on an FPGA based COTS (Commercial-off-the-shelf)
development board. Xilinx System Generator will be used for the implementation of the algorithms.
Keywords: DDC, ADC, Digital Base band demodulation, IF, Monitoring Receiver.
This document describes the design of a real-time GPS receiver system that provides location-based services. The system hardware consists of a GPS antenna, GPS receiver connected to a computer via USB. System software, developed in VB.NET, extracts location parameters like latitude, longitude, altitude from the receiver and displays them on a GUI and website. It also sends SMS updates of the user's location to their mobile phone. The receiver system was tested and provided real-time location parameter values and tracking across different locations.
This document discusses software-defined radio (SDR), software-defined networking (SDN), and cognitive radio. It provides an overview of each technology:
SDR implements radio components like mixers, filters through software rather than hardware. This allows radio systems to be more flexible and reconfigurable. The fundamental SDR architecture includes a radio frequency front-end, processing engine, and applications.
SDN decouples network control and forwarding functions, making the network programmable and abstracting the underlying infrastructure. This enables dynamic, centralized management of network resources.
Cognitive radio can detect available communication channels and instantly switch to vacant ones, avoiding occupied channels. It monitors its own performance and adjusts
1) Researchers at JPL developed a compact digital radar receiver to be used in a Ka-band radar interferometer for ice surface topography mapping.
2) The receiver is designed to be flexible and compact to meet the needs of a 16-element digital beamforming system while also being adaptable to other applications.
3) It can sample RF inputs up to 3.3 GHz at 10 bits and extract data via a front-panel interface, with components selected for potential spaceborne use.
The document summarizes a presentation by the NavSAS research group on their involvement in the DemoGRAPE project. The group consists of researchers from Politecnico di Torino and ISMB who work on satellite navigation and positioning. For DemoGRAPE, their Unit Research 2 will focus on empirical assessment of the polar ionosphere using GNSS signal observations from software receivers at high latitudes. The presentation discusses software-defined radio concepts and their application to GNSS receivers, which provides flexibility for processing scintillating signals and implementing new algorithms. Plans for a software receiver data collection setup in Vietnam were also outlined.
The V30 GNSS RTK system is a dual-frequency, multi-constellation GNSS receiver with 220 tracking channels. It is designed for high-precision surveying applications including static, PPK, and RTK surveys. Key features include multi-day battery life, rugged design, integrated radio options, and compatibility with various field controllers and software.
Design And Simulation of Modulation Schemes used for FPGA Based Software Defi...Sucharita Saha
Design of a BPSK and QPSK digital Modulation scheme and its implementation on FPGAs for universal mobile telecommunications system and SDR applications. The simulation of the system is made in MATLAB Simulink environment and System Generator, a tool used for FPGA design. Hardware Co-Simulation is designed using VHDL a hardware description language targeting a Xilinx FPGA and is verified using MATLAB Simulink. It is then converted to VHDL level using Simulink HDL coder. The design is synthesized and fitted with Xilinx 14.2 ISE Edition software, and downloaded to Spartan 3E (XC3S500E) board.
iaetsd Software defined am transmitter using vhdlIaetsd Iaetsd
This document discusses the design and implementation of an amplitude modulation (AM) software defined radio transmitter using an FPGA. It begins with an abstract describing the goals of the project. It then provides an overview of the system design, including discussion of the individual components like the microphone, analog to digital converter, digital to analog converter, carrier frequency generator, and antenna. It describes how these components will be implemented on the FPGA, including using behavioral modeling with VHDL. It also discusses designing filters and modulation/demodulation circuits. The overall summary is that this document outlines the goals and high-level system design for creating an AM transmitter using an FPGA that can transmit an audio signal by digitally modulating a carrier frequency.
Small form factor cognitive radio implemented via fpga partial reconfiguratio...Roberto Uribeetxeberria
This document describes a cognitive radio system implemented on an FPGA that can replace a wired video transmission system. Key points:
- The system senses the availability of the wireless transmission channel and can change its intermediate frequency based on channel conditions using FPGA partial reconfiguration.
- It implements an OQPSK modulation scheme and was designed using Xilinx System Generator rapid prototyping tools.
- The transmitter acquires video streaming data, modulates it using OQPSK, and upconverts it to either a 5MHz or 10MHz intermediate frequency depending on channel availability.
- The receiver searches for the signal power, reconfigures to the target frequency, performs synchronization and demodulation, and outputs the
SDR and cognitive radio technologies will enable more flexible use of radio spectrum and facilitate interoperability between different communication standards. Key drivers include the need for first responder communications during emergencies, the increasing number of wireless standards, and the scarce availability of radio spectrum. SDR allows communication standards and functionality to be reconfigured through software downloads. Future technologies like improved ADCs, DSPs, and cognitive abilities will advance SDR and spectrum sensing capabilities. Both military and commercial applications are expected to benefit from SDR and cognitive radio.
This document is a seminar report on Software Defined Radio submitted by a student, Kartikey Patwal, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree. It provides an introduction to software defined radio, including a brief history, definition of an SDR, and descriptions of RF architectures and processing architectures used in SDR. It also discusses software environments like MATLAB that are commonly used for SDR development and experimentation.
This document provides an overview of software-defined radio (SDR) technology. It defines SDR as a radio system where components are implemented via software rather than hardware. The document discusses the ideal SDR and transmitter/receiver models and explains practical implementations using components like analog-to-digital converters and digital signal processors. It also outlines the software and architectures used in SDR, including applications in public safety and military, as well as advantages like reconfigurability and easier upgrades. Some challenges like complexity and reliability issues are also noted.
IRJET- Implementation of FSK Transceiver using Software Defined Radio (SDR)IRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of a frequency-shift keying (FSK) transceiver using software-defined radio (SDR) with LabVIEW and a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) 2901 board. The system is designed with FSK transmitter and receiver blocks in LabVIEW. Binary data is transmitted and received using different frequencies to represent 0s and 1s. Results show the FSK signal is successfully transmitted and received, seen in the constellation diagram on the receiver. This demonstrates using LabVIEW and USRP for wireless transmission and reception of FSK modulated signals.
The document provides a final report from the LoCom group on their project using low-complexity cognitive radio with commercial off-the-shelf equipment. It discusses the theoretical frame of software defined radio, GNU Radio, Universal Software Radio Peripheral, cognitive radio and Bluetooth sensing. It also covers their GNU Radio installation process and outcomes of developing an OFDM communication demonstration between two USRP devices using voice transmission. The report concludes with future works planned for the next semester.
This document summarizes research on using DVB-T signals for passive radar ship detection. DVB-T signals provide a large bandwidth and wide coverage suitable for passive radar. Preliminary experiments using a USRP software defined radio were able to detect ships up to 5 nautical miles away departing from a nearby harbor based on the Doppler frequency shifts measured. Future work aims to conduct experiments with cooperative targets and improve the system's range resolution and processing algorithms.
Similar to Analysis resultsofasoftwaregns srevieverusingusrpandcustomlnawithopensourcealgorithm (20)
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307544875
Implementation of a USRP based Real-Time Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS) Receiver
Conference Paper · August 2014
CITATIONS
0
READS
236
6 authors, including:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Provision of Wifi and internet in remote locations of Pakistan using High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) View project
dynamics and control of small UAVs View project
Aamir Malik
Institute of Space Technology
2 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Umar Bhatti
Institute of Space Technology
29 PUBLICATIONS 145 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
All content following this page was uploaded by Umar Bhatti on 01 September 2016.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
2. Implementation of a USRP based Real-Time Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Receiver
M. Aamir, M. Hassan Sajjad, Umar Iqbal Bhatti, Salma Zaineb Farooq, Moazzam Maqsood
Department of Electrical Engineering
Institute of Space Technology
Islamabad, Pakistan
malikamir773@gmail.com, hassan.sajjad4@yahoo.com, umeriqbal@ist.edu.pk, zaineb.farooq@ist.edu.pk,
moazam.maqsood@ist.edu.pk
Abstract— This paper describes the implementation of a
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver based on the
Software Defined Radio approach. A software receiver has more
flexibility as compared to the conventional hardware receiver
since the intermediate signals are available for processing and
analysis at each stage. A software receiver can also be configured
as a multi-constellation GNSS receiver with slight modifications.
The GNSS Software Defined Receiver consists of two parts: The
Radio Frequency front end and the signal processing software in
a computer. The following implementation uses the Universal
Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) as the front end and a GNU
Radio based open source software for signal processing. The RF
front end has an active Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna
with a gain of 30 dB, a custom made Bias-Tee with a loss of
1.17dB to power up the active antenna, a custom made Low Noise
Amplifier with a gain of 11 dB to amplify the GNSS signals and
USRP-N210. USRP-N210 is paired with an appropriate daughter
board WBX for GPS signal reception. USRP acts as a down-
converter and a sampler. The operating system used for signal
processing is Ubuntu 12.10 (32 bit) on Corei5 System. GNSS
satellites Acquisition, Tracking and Navigation Solution
computation is performed in the PC by the use of GNU-Radio
based open source software. The Position fix for GPS Satellites is
obtained in real-time and the signal is analyzed at various stages
of signal processing. The position fix obtained is analyzed by
importing the KML file into Google Earth. The real time signal
acquisition results are analyzed and presented. The software is
tested to acquire eight satellites simultaneously in real-time to
give very precise position fix. The software can be re-configured
to obtain any application specific parameters when needed.
Keywords— Global Navigation Satellite System, Universal
Software Radio Peripheral, Software Defined Radio, Signal
Acquisition, Tracking, Navigation Solution, Phase locked loop,
Delay locked loop, Low Noise Amplifier.
I. INTRODUCTION
Knowing the position and location has always remained a
source keen interest for human beings. In the past human
explored star constellations to determine his position. On the
advent of industrial revolution compass and other hand held
instruments were used to determine the direction and position.
With further advancement of technology, humans utilized the
ancient concept of stars constellations and developed their
own navigation satellites constellation for timing and position
information for the whole globe [1].
Up till now industry has made much advancement in
communications and navigation fields, but all those solutions
were provided on very large scale integrated chips. During the
past decade Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology has
emerged and gained widespread popularity due to its
capabilities like reconfigurability and flexibility. SDR has
made it possible to design a single system to perform multiple
jobs at multiple frequencies.
Development of more than one Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS) and incorporation of more advanced signals
for existing navigation systems, raised the need of a
reconfigurable receiver to cover all current and future signals
and GNSS Systems. SDR solved this problem and provided
interoperability between different GNSS systems for more
accurate and reliable Position Velocity and Time (PVT)
estimates. SDR enables to simulate different scenarios and
environment conditions for the development of GNSS
receivers for a specific application. GNSS SDR’s are also
being used for education and research purposes for the
development of new applications.
This paper describes the implementation of GNSS SDR for
Global Positioning System (GPS) at L1 band. The SDR is
implemented on Universal Software Radio peripheral (USRP).
A USRP is a general purpose SDR, available in different
variants for different application requirements. This
implementation uses USRP-N210 with WBX daughter board.
It provides 40MHz bandwidth and can be modified in
firmware to give 50MHz bandwidth to cover all GNSS signals
at L1 band. Custom made Low Noise Amplifier (LNA),
custom made Bias-Tee and active GPS antenna are used for
GPS signal reception [2], [3].
The paper is organized as follows: section 2 compares the
hardware and software based receivers, section 3 describes the
components of Radio Frequency (RF) front end and modules
of software defined receiver along with signal processing
results taken at various stages of signal processing, and finally
conclusion is drawn in section 4.
3. II. COMPARISON BETWEEN HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
BASED GNSS RECEIVERS
A. Hardware based Receiver
Hardware based GNSS receivers are presented in the form
of large scale integrated chips. These receivers are power
efficient, small in size and require less processing power as
compared to SDR, because the number of channels and other
parameters are fixed in these receivers.
B. Software defined receiver
Software defined GNSS receivers have two parts: RF-front
end and the signal processing software. RF-front end is the
external hardware which is used to capture GNSS Signals. It
down-converts the RF signal to IF or Baseband and then after
sampling, digital signal is fed to the host system for signal
processing. Acquisition, Tracking and Navigation Solution
computation are done in the signal processing software. These
receivers can be modified according to the application
requirements. Generally, GNSS SDR’s are used for
simulations of different scenarios and research purposes.
C. Advantages of Software Defined Receiver
Commercially available GNSS receiver chips or GNSS
receivers, in which all the signal processing is done in the
hardware chips, are limited in terms of their Doppler
frequency search band, the sampling frequency, the Phase
Locked Loop (PLL) Noise Bandwidth and the algorithm used
to process the incoming GNSS signal. The above parameters
cannot be changed in hardware based receivers; the final
received output from hardware based receivers is the
Navigation Solution only.
SDR is a modular based system, in which signal can be
analyzed at any processing stage and signal processing
algorithms can also be changed. Different scenario behaviors
can be simulated and analyzed. Different signal processing
parameters can also be changed like Doppler frequency search
band, Sampling rate, any filter configuration, PLL Noise
Bandwidth, Delay Locked Loop (DLL) Noise Bandwidth,
number of Satellites to be tracked and other parameters for a
specific algorithm.
III. IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE DEFINED GNSS RECEIVER
The Software Defined GNSS receiver consists of
hardware and software parts. Hardware part has an active GPS
antenna, Bias tee, LNA and USRP N210. Software part
consists of GNU radio based open-source libraries[4],[11]
patched up in modular form. First module consists of
Universal Hardware Driver (UHD) for data reception from
USRP-N210, The second module is the Acquisition module
for searching satellites in view, The third module is the
Tracking module for extraction of Navigation message and the
fourth module is the Navigation Solution computation module
to compute the position coordinates of the receiver. Software
Defined GNSS receiver flow diagram is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2. Flow Diagram of Software Defined GNSS Receiver
A. Active GPS antenna
The Active GPS antenna used is a commercially available
Right Hand Circular Polarized GPS car antenna with 30dB
gain and 50Ω impedance. Its model number is LCGPS01. [5].
B. Bias-Tee
Custom made Bias tee design is based on TCBT-14+ from
Mini-Circuits®
[10]. PCB was designed on the pcb designing
software Diptrace™. The design has only one external
component that is 0.01µf capacitor. Bias tee has the insertion
loss of 1.17dB and is designed for 50Ω impedance system. Its
functional schematic and picture is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3. Functional Schematic and picture of custom made Bias Tee
C. Low Noise Amplifier
Custom made LNA used, is based on BFP640ESD, with a
gain of 11dB [6],[7]. Bias-T mentioned in the schematic is for
50Ω impedance system. Its functional schematic and picture
are shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 1. Functional Schematic and picture of LNA
4. D. USRP-N210
USRP N210 is a powerful flexible Software Radio
Peripheral used to develop and implement SDRs; It has
100MS/s dual ADC, 50Mbps Gigabit Ethernet connection and
2.5ppm TCXO reference clock. This device is used along with
WBX daughter board which provides 40MHz bandwidth
capability with 50-2200 MHz frequency range. Its noise figure
is 5dB [2],[3].
E. Signal Processing Software
The Host System used is Corei5 with Ubuntu 12.10. The
software consists of open-source libraries based on GNU-
Radio [4],[11]. The algorithms used for each module are as
follows:
1) Acquisition
Acquisition process gives the rough estimates of Doppler
Shift and Code phase of visible satellites, the algorithm used
for acquisition of GPS satellites is “Parallel Code Phase
Search Acquisition Method” [8],[9]. The Acquisition process
flow diagram is shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Acquisition Process flow diagram
Software works at a sampling rate of 4Msps; The Doppler
frequency search band is set to ±10KHz and Doppler
frequency search step size is 250Hz. Acquisition results at
point ‘A’ in Fig.4 for PRN32 and PRN18 are shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 6. Acquisition results of PRN18 (Right) and PRN32 (Left)
Decision of presence of any satellite is made by comparing
the highest peak with the second highest peak in Doppler
frequency and Code phase search. The distinct peak of PRN18
can be seen in Fig.5 while there is no distinct peak present for
PRN32.
2) Tracking
Tracking module gets rough estimates of Doppler
frequency and Code Phase from Acquisition module and then
refines these parameters for complete removal of Carrier and
Coarse Acquisition code to get Navigation Data at baseband.
Tracking module keeps lock of the changing code and carrier
Doppler shift. The algorithm used is “Phase locked loop plus
Delay locked loop tracking” [8],[9]. The Tracking module
flow diagram is shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 7. Tracking module flow diagram
The PLL band is set to 50Hz and DLL band is set to 2Hz.
The chip spacing for Early, Late and Prompt signals is set to
0.5 chips. Results at various point of tracking algorithm are
given below.
Fig. 7 shows the Coarse Acquisition (C/A) code frequency
variations over time at point ‘B’ in Fig. 6. This variation is due
to the Doppler shift. This is the error plus initial bias signal of
PRN code generator in code tracking loop (DLL).
Fig. 8. Coarse Acquisition (C/A) code frequency over time
Fig. 8 shows the Doppler shift of carrier signal from point
‘C’ in Fig.6. This is the error signal of the carrier tracking loop
(PLL). Numerical control oscillator adds initial bias to it and
Fig. 5. Carrier frequency doppler shift
5. generates the exact replica of carrier signal.
The PLL plus DLL loop discriminators computes the
above given code and carrier Doppler shifts from the output of
Early, Late and Prompt correlators. The prompt correlator of
in-phase arm gives the Navigation data at base band; the
overall procedure’s goal is to maximize the energy in prompt
correlator of in-phase arm.
The correlator results for Early, Late and Prompt signals of
in-phase arm from point ‘D’ in Fig. 6 are shown in Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Correlation results of Early, Late and Prompt signals
The large amplitude of prompt signal can be seen in Fig. 9
as compared to early and late signals.
Fig. 10 shows the Navigation message bits from point ‘E’
in Fig. 6. The Navigation message is taken out from Prompt
signal of in-phase arm after correlation.
Fig. 11. Navigation Message bits
3) Navigation Solution
The Navigation Solution module gets navigation data from
PLL plus DLL loop and after estimating pseudoranges
computes the receiver position in real time [8],[9]. Fig. 11
shows the computed pseudorange of PRN1.
The decreasing Pseudorange shows that the satellite
identified with PRN1 is coming head-on towards the receiver
and its elevation angle is increasing.
Fig. 13 shows the actual position of receiver at Institute of
Space Technology with computed coordinate points in Google
Earth.
Fig. 13. Receiver Position in Google Earth
Fig. 12 shows the detailed information about the tracked
satellites and receiver performance. This analysis was done in
GNSS evaluation software by u-blox “u-center™ v8.11”. The
Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) was 6.1m, Vertical
Fig. 12. Pseudorange of PRN1
Fig. 10. Navigation Solution analysis from “u-center v8.11™”
6. Dilution of Precision (VDOP) was 4.1m and Horizontal
Dilution of Precision (HDOP) was 4.6m. Satellite vehicles
with PRN IDs PRN9, PRN17, PRN26 and PRN28 were being
tracked during the analysis. Maximum C/N0 received was
53dB from PRN9.
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper presented implementation of software defined
GNSS receiver on USRP-N210. GPS signals were received
and analyzed. Results at various stages of signal processing
can be taken as shown above. The receiver is providing
accuracy of 4m-8m. The SDR implementation is working fine
and can be utilized for educational and research purposes. The
custom made Bias-Tee and LNA designs are also verified as
they are producing satisfactory result with this receiver. The
real-time intermediate signals were saved while running the
software and then the data was plotted and analyzed in
Matlab™. The researchers and students can see the effect of
changing different software parameters, as described in
section 2, on receiver performance in real-time. This will help
a lot in understanding the GNSS systems and signal
processing algorithms working for GNSS related studies. New
algorithms can be added and tested also, in the modular
structure of the software receiver.
Future work includes the addition of Galileo, Beidou and
Glonass systems and interoperability for these systems.
References
[1] Najam A. Naqvi, Muhammad Fiaz and Li Yan Jun, “Exploring the
dimensions of Global Navigation Satellite System: An opportunity
window for academia and industry in Pakistan,” Proceedings of the
Pakistan Academy of Sciences 50 (1): 1–11, 2013
[2] “USRP-N210 data sheet”, Ettus Research, A National Instruments
Company, 4600 Patrick Henry Drive Santa Clara, CA 95054.
[3] WBX 50-2200 MHz Rx/Tx (40 MHz) (2014), RF Daughterboards on
Ettus Research website. [Online]. Available:
https://www.ettus.com/product/details/WBX
[4] (2014) GNSS-SDR Official website. [Online]. Available: http://gnss-
sdr.org/source-code.
[5] Active GPS car antenna, GPS antennas on Shenzhen Lincho
Communications page on Alibaba.com. [Online]. Available:
http://lincho.en.alibaba.com/product/1280691514-
219191951/car_navigation_external_3m_sma_cable_1575_gps_antenna.
html.
[6] “BFP640ESD data sheet”, Infineon Technologies AG, 81726 Munich,
Germany.
[7] Talha Mahmood Sheikh, “Active multiband planar antennas for GNSS
receivers”, MSc Dissertation, Department of Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,University of Surrey,
Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK, August 2011.
[8] Kai Borre, Dennis M. Akos, Nicolaj Bertelsen, Peter Rinder and Søren
Holdt Jensen, “Applied and numerical harmonic analysis series: A
Software-Defined GPS and galileo receiver, A single-frequency
approach”, Birkhauser Boston c/o Springer Science+Business Media
LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA, 2007, pp.75-135.
[9] Elliott D. Kaplan and Christopher J. Hegarty, “Understanding GPS
principles and applications”, 2nd ed., ARTECH HOUSE, INC.685
Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062, pp.153-242.
[10] “TCBT-14+ data sheet”, Mini-Circuits, Brooklyn NY 11235,UK.
[11] Carles Fernandez–Prades, Javier Arribas, Luis Estevey, Carlos Aviles,
and Pau Closas, “GNSS-SDR: an Open Source Tool For Researchers
and Developers”, Proceedings of the ION GNSS Conference 2011,
September 19-23, 2011, Portland, Oregon (USA).
View publication statsView publication stats