USAID through its implementing agencyAfricare, committed since 2006 to support the health district Goudomp in improving the services offered at the health huts especially in the fight against malnutrition, diarrhea, malaria and acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children aged 0 to 5 years. The general objective of this study is to analyze the USAID Community Health program implementation at the boxes in the Health District of Goudomp.A cross-sectional study with a survey of knowledge and practices of mothers or guardians of children from 0 to 59 months and an assessment on the quality of services in health huts of the areas targeted by the project was conducted from 2 to 5 May 2009 at the health district of Goudomp. The home delivery rate is 48.5% among persons surveyed and 18.7% gave birth in the Health Hut. On assistance to childbirth 26.4% of the women surveyed were assisted by a midwife or a community health worker. 80.3% of children were weighed every month for the last 3 months preceding the survey.The ARI care for children took place in more than 1/3 of cases (36.5%) at the health hut against 31.8% at the stations or health center. 1/3 fevers were also treated at the health huts.In terms of the cleanliness of the yard and premises, additional efforts must be made because 13 of the 19 huts visited were found fit contrary to the basic survey where 20 of the 23 huts visited were found fit. It is also the prevention of infections which is very low as practiced by 8 of the 19 huts visited. The implementation of strategies involving associations such as groupings of promoting women and youth groups should be preferred in order to allow greater involvement of the population. The success of this project will undoubtedly improve the reduction of maternal and child mortality in the health district of Goudomp.
Trinity Care Foundation is a Non-Governmental Organization based in Bangalore, India dedicated to School Health Programs, Facial Deformity
Programs and Oral Cancer Programs.
http://www.trinitycarefoundation.org/
School health teams will screen students from Class I to XII for common defects, deficiencies, diseases, and disabilities. The teams consist of medical officers, pharmacists, and optometrists. They will visit schools according to a monthly microplan to examine students and provide treatment, referrals, and health education. Conditions screened include malnutrition, anemia, skin diseases, respiratory illnesses, dental issues, and communicable diseases. Records will be maintained of all screenings and referrals.
Innovations in Community-based Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Malnutrition ...CORE Group
This document summarizes research on using community health workers to treat malnutrition in Mali. A study compared treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) by community health workers versus at health facilities. The study found community health workers increased coverage of SAM treatment from 41.5% to 86.7%, reduced abandonment rates, and increased cure rates. Community health workers also properly assessed children for clinical signs. The intervention was more cost-effective, costing $259 per recovered child versus $501 at facilities. Challenges included the number of community health workers and their salaries. The organization plans to scale up the model and conduct pilots in other areas.
Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) or Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services is an Indian government program that aims to screen and provide early intervention services for children from birth to 18 years. It focuses on screening for 30 health conditions including defects, diseases, deficiencies, and developmental delays. Mobile health teams screen children in anganwadi centers and schools twice a year. Children detected with issues are referred to District Early Intervention Centers for confirmation of diagnosis and further management. The program aims to improve child health through early detection and management of conditions not previously addressed.
Steps in designing nutrition programmeDavid mbwiga
The document outlines the key steps to plan a nutrition program, which includes gathering and synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data on the nutrition situation. This data is then analyzed to determine the program's focus, goals and objectives. The program will prioritize improving infant and young child feeding practices like exclusive breastfeeding and adequate complementary feeding. A review of existing health services is also required to integrate the program and address gaps. The program goals are to ultimately reduce child mortality by improving children's nutritional status through improved feeding practices and access to preventative health services.
This document provides an overview of various community nutritional programmes in India. It discusses programmes targeted at pregnant and lactating mothers, children, adolescents, and elderly individuals. The key programmes described include the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme, National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, Mid-Day Meal programme, Vitamin A prophylaxis programme, and programmes under the Poshan Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission). The document provides details on the objectives, target groups, and services provided by these various nutritional programmes in India.
The Rastriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) program aims to screen over 27 crore children aged 0-18 years in India for various health conditions. It will implement screening at Anganwadi centers, schools, and through dedicated mobile health teams. Children will be screened for deficiencies, diseases, developmental delays, and disabilities. Those requiring treatment will be referred to District Early Intervention Centers. The program aims to improve child health outcomes through early identification and management of health conditions. Implementation challenges include the massive scale of screening all Indian children, coordination between various health programs, and ensuring follow-up treatment.
Population Cardiovascular Health and Urban Environments: The Heart Healthy Ho...Heart Healthy Hoods
This document summarizes a study exploring the relationship between cardiovascular health and urban environments in Madrid, Spain. The study used mixed methods, including analyzing health records of over 15,000 residents and characterizing the food, alcohol, tobacco, and physical activity environments through audits, interviews, and GIS mapping. Key findings included variations in park use, perceptions of how immigration and economic crisis have shaped behaviors, and the role of social networks in health. The study aims to better understand how to measure dense urban environments and integrate information to inform place-based health policies.
Trinity Care Foundation is a Non-Governmental Organization based in Bangalore, India dedicated to School Health Programs, Facial Deformity
Programs and Oral Cancer Programs.
http://www.trinitycarefoundation.org/
School health teams will screen students from Class I to XII for common defects, deficiencies, diseases, and disabilities. The teams consist of medical officers, pharmacists, and optometrists. They will visit schools according to a monthly microplan to examine students and provide treatment, referrals, and health education. Conditions screened include malnutrition, anemia, skin diseases, respiratory illnesses, dental issues, and communicable diseases. Records will be maintained of all screenings and referrals.
Innovations in Community-based Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Malnutrition ...CORE Group
This document summarizes research on using community health workers to treat malnutrition in Mali. A study compared treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) by community health workers versus at health facilities. The study found community health workers increased coverage of SAM treatment from 41.5% to 86.7%, reduced abandonment rates, and increased cure rates. Community health workers also properly assessed children for clinical signs. The intervention was more cost-effective, costing $259 per recovered child versus $501 at facilities. Challenges included the number of community health workers and their salaries. The organization plans to scale up the model and conduct pilots in other areas.
Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) or Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services is an Indian government program that aims to screen and provide early intervention services for children from birth to 18 years. It focuses on screening for 30 health conditions including defects, diseases, deficiencies, and developmental delays. Mobile health teams screen children in anganwadi centers and schools twice a year. Children detected with issues are referred to District Early Intervention Centers for confirmation of diagnosis and further management. The program aims to improve child health through early detection and management of conditions not previously addressed.
Steps in designing nutrition programmeDavid mbwiga
The document outlines the key steps to plan a nutrition program, which includes gathering and synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data on the nutrition situation. This data is then analyzed to determine the program's focus, goals and objectives. The program will prioritize improving infant and young child feeding practices like exclusive breastfeeding and adequate complementary feeding. A review of existing health services is also required to integrate the program and address gaps. The program goals are to ultimately reduce child mortality by improving children's nutritional status through improved feeding practices and access to preventative health services.
This document provides an overview of various community nutritional programmes in India. It discusses programmes targeted at pregnant and lactating mothers, children, adolescents, and elderly individuals. The key programmes described include the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme, National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, Mid-Day Meal programme, Vitamin A prophylaxis programme, and programmes under the Poshan Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission). The document provides details on the objectives, target groups, and services provided by these various nutritional programmes in India.
The Rastriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) program aims to screen over 27 crore children aged 0-18 years in India for various health conditions. It will implement screening at Anganwadi centers, schools, and through dedicated mobile health teams. Children will be screened for deficiencies, diseases, developmental delays, and disabilities. Those requiring treatment will be referred to District Early Intervention Centers. The program aims to improve child health outcomes through early identification and management of health conditions. Implementation challenges include the massive scale of screening all Indian children, coordination between various health programs, and ensuring follow-up treatment.
Population Cardiovascular Health and Urban Environments: The Heart Healthy Ho...Heart Healthy Hoods
This document summarizes a study exploring the relationship between cardiovascular health and urban environments in Madrid, Spain. The study used mixed methods, including analyzing health records of over 15,000 residents and characterizing the food, alcohol, tobacco, and physical activity environments through audits, interviews, and GIS mapping. Key findings included variations in park use, perceptions of how immigration and economic crisis have shaped behaviors, and the role of social networks in health. The study aims to better understand how to measure dense urban environments and integrate information to inform place-based health policies.
Social Stigma and Taboos Related to Menstruation are Barriers for Change in t...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
This document outlines a plan to address social stigma and taboos related to menstruation in Bajura district by 2022. The goal is for adolescent girls and women to have consistent access to knowledge on menstrual hygiene management and support despite myths, stigma, and social norms. Key objectives include breaking the silence around menstruation through community sensitization programs; providing easy access to appropriate menstrual health information through trained counselors and resource centers; establishing community support systems through coordination committees and capacity building; ensuring access to safe menstrual materials and disposal methods through schools and local production; and promoting safe disposal practices in communities.
A PROPOSAL ON HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM ON SCHOOL...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
A PROPOSAL ON
HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM ON SCHOOL HEALTH NUTRITION AMONG THE PRIMARY LEVEL STUDENTS OF POKHARA METROPOLITAN-30, KASKI
Seroepidemiological Investigation for Chagas Disease in Two Municipalities of...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study evaluated the risk of transmission of Chagas disease following implantation of the Brazilian National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) in two municipalities considered endemic risk areas. A seroepidemiological and entomological survey was conducted as part of the Triatoma infestans eradication program. According to a previous survey conducted in 1980, seroprevalence of Chagas disease was around 0.82% in São Luís dos Montes Belos and around 2.35% in Novo Brasil. In the present serological survey conducted in 303 schoolchildren born after the control phase in these regions, one of the children tested positive for the disease. In the 236 homes surveyed (150 in São Luís dos Montes Belos and 86 in Novo Brasil), all of which were infested by triatomine bugs, none of the triatomine bugs captured tested positive for Trypanosoma cruzi. Although Triatoma infestans is under control, there has been a considerable increase in secondary vectors such as Triatoma sordida; therefore, continuous epidemiological surveillance is fully justified within the current context of the SUS, and should be considered for inclusion as routine practice within the Family Health Program.
The document discusses health inequities in West Bengal, India. It notes that geographic, economic, social factors and lack of access lead to underserved populations. Specific districts and blocks are identified as facing health challenges like measles outbreaks. Factors like female literacy, poverty, and social determinants are linked to worse health outcomes. Solutions proposed include strengthening community outreach, improving access to clinics and facilities, and monitoring and support of the healthcare system.
The document summarizes India's school health program. It discusses the WHO definition of school health, the evolution of school health services in India since 1909, and the current national program implemented in all government and private schools. The key components of the program include health screenings and services, immunizations, deworming, nutrition interventions, and the Mid-Day Meal Scheme. The objectives are to promote health, prevent diseases, provide early treatment, and create a healthful school environment. Specific aspects covered include health appraisals, treatment and follow-up, disease prevention, nutrition, and programs for dental, eye, and mental health.
Project Proposal on Promotion of School Health and Nutrition (POSHAN) ProjectMohammad Aslam Shaiekh
The POSHAN Project aims to promote school health and nutrition in 4 villages in Nepal over 2 years. It will establish Child Care Centers in schools to provide health screenings, treatment, and nutrition services. It will implement several strategies, including developing school health policies, providing safe water and sanitation, delivering health education, and offering health and nutrition services in schools. The project expects to improve students' health, education outcomes, and social equity in a cost-effective manner by ensuring children are healthy, well-nourished, and able to fully participate in and benefit from their education.
Strategies to strengthen Mission Indradhanushshayonisen2012
Mission Indradhanush aims to increase full immunization coverage in India from 65% to 90% by 2020 through special catch-up drives. It focuses on conducting immunization rounds in identified districts, targeting pregnant women, children up to age 2, and those up to age 5 for booster doses. Key challenges include only 65% of Indian children being fully immunized and continued disease burden. Strategies proposed to address this include defining state-specific desired outcomes, intensive training, effective communication, and involving community leaders. A patient reminder system is also suggested to identify children due for immunization.
Integrated child development Scheme, ICDS Mission the broad framework for implementation, The challenges Evoluation and progress, ICDS strengthening, Restructuring, Mechanism of implementation, Strengthening human resources, Training and capacity building, Logistic management, AWCs Monitoring and review
This document summarizes the Nutrition Program Design Assistant tool, which was created by CORE Group and partners to help program planners design community-based nutrition programs. The tool includes a reference guide and workbook. The reference guide provides guidance on analyzing the nutrition situation, identifying appropriate program approaches, and selecting a combination of approaches based on the situation, resources, and objectives. It outlines six steps for using the tool: 1) gathering and synthesizing nutrition data, 2) determining program goals and objectives, 3) reviewing existing health services, 4) preliminary prevention program design, 5) preliminary recuperation program design, and 6) finalizing the programming plan including costing. The tool was developed with input from many organizations to help
Cuba has developed a unique national health care system that provides universal access to health care through a multi-tiered system focused on preventative medicine and community health. The system is centered around family doctor-nurse teams that are based in local communities. It emphasizes health as a human right that is provided equally and free of cost by the state. Though Cuba faces challenges related to limited resources, its health care system has achieved strong health outcomes comparable to developed nations.
The document discusses Bangladesh's population policy and its objectives, strategies, and challenges. The key points are:
1) The population policy aims to reduce fertility rates, increase family planning access, and stabilize the population at 210 million by 2060 through strategies like expanding reproductive health services and raising awareness.
2) However, there are several challenges including social factors that influence fertility preferences, lack of male involvement, and economic insecurity that encourages large families.
3) While the policy addresses issues like maternal health and urbanization, the analysis finds gaps remain in fully dealing with concerns around adolescents, HIV/AIDS, and increasing contraceptive access that require recommendations to strengthen future policies.
The proposed Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) aims to combine existing child protection schemes under one umbrella scheme with the objectives of creating a safety net for vulnerable children, promoting preventive measures to keep families together, and establishing rehabilitation services. The key components include setting up structures for juvenile justice and for children in need of protection, as well as a proposed revised adoption scheme to streamline the process. States are asked to provide information on their current child protection systems and adoption processes to help develop the integrated scheme.
The document discusses India's public health programs and policies around reproductive and child health (RCH). After independence, India reorganized its health system to provide universal access through national health programs targeting issues like communicable diseases, environmental sanitation, population growth, and nutrition. Key RCH programs discussed include reproductive and child health, newborn and child health, integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses, diarrhea prevention and treatment, immunization, breastfeeding promotion, and adolescent health.
The document discusses the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) in India. It aims to address health issues among urban poor populations through several key strategies:
1. Strengthening existing public health infrastructure in cities by establishing Primary Urban Health Centers (PUHCs) to improve access and referrals.
2. Partnering with non-governmental providers to fill gaps in health services through models like public-private partnerships.
3. Developing community-based healthcare through mechanisms like urban health activists, community-level care, and community-managed health insurance and risk pooling.
The NUHM seeks to improve health services for urban poor populations facing issues like poor living conditions, lack of access to facilities
This presentation covers the USAID Office of Maternal, Child Health and Nutrition; the Office of Health Systems; Office of Population and Reproductive Health; and the Center for Innovation and Impact.
The Cuban health system is government run and aims to provide universal healthcare access. It has three tiers - hospitals, polyclinics, and family doctor units. Key aspects include preventative care through family doctors, community involvement, and allocating over 10% of GDP to healthcare. Cuba ranks highly on health indicators like life expectancy despite economic challenges. Critics argue the system favors political elites and faces resource constraints.
Adolescent health and national health programmesDr.Preeti Tiwari
The document discusses several national health programs in India that address adolescent health issues. It describes programs like RKSK that focus on improving nutrition, sexual and reproductive health, and preventing injuries among adolescents. It also outlines other schemes for adolescent girls such as Kishori Shakti Yojana and Nutrition Program for Adolescent Girls that aim to enhance their health, education, and empowerment. The document provides details on services covered under these programs, including weekly iron supplementation, health clinics, peer education, and life skills training.
This high standard gulet, extensively re-fitted in 2014, is always popular with families, or a mixed group of couples and singles. For a carefree and relaxed gulet charter in Turkey, Bodrum built Bibi Aysegul is perfect. 3 cabins have twin beds and the other 3 are doubles. The En suite bathrooms have shower and home flush type toilets. Varnished pine throughout creates a sophisticated yet homely warm atmosphere. On deck there are cushions everywhere to spread out and soak up the Mediterranean sun.
Please contact us for our full portfolio of gulet yachts for private charter in Turkey.
compañeros y profe, no tuve éxito enviando el producto final por la plataforma, es por eso, que lo envío por este medio, espero cumpla con las expectativas.
BENDICIONES
Social Stigma and Taboos Related to Menstruation are Barriers for Change in t...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
This document outlines a plan to address social stigma and taboos related to menstruation in Bajura district by 2022. The goal is for adolescent girls and women to have consistent access to knowledge on menstrual hygiene management and support despite myths, stigma, and social norms. Key objectives include breaking the silence around menstruation through community sensitization programs; providing easy access to appropriate menstrual health information through trained counselors and resource centers; establishing community support systems through coordination committees and capacity building; ensuring access to safe menstrual materials and disposal methods through schools and local production; and promoting safe disposal practices in communities.
A PROPOSAL ON HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM ON SCHOOL...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
A PROPOSAL ON
HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM ON SCHOOL HEALTH NUTRITION AMONG THE PRIMARY LEVEL STUDENTS OF POKHARA METROPOLITAN-30, KASKI
Seroepidemiological Investigation for Chagas Disease in Two Municipalities of...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study evaluated the risk of transmission of Chagas disease following implantation of the Brazilian National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) in two municipalities considered endemic risk areas. A seroepidemiological and entomological survey was conducted as part of the Triatoma infestans eradication program. According to a previous survey conducted in 1980, seroprevalence of Chagas disease was around 0.82% in São Luís dos Montes Belos and around 2.35% in Novo Brasil. In the present serological survey conducted in 303 schoolchildren born after the control phase in these regions, one of the children tested positive for the disease. In the 236 homes surveyed (150 in São Luís dos Montes Belos and 86 in Novo Brasil), all of which were infested by triatomine bugs, none of the triatomine bugs captured tested positive for Trypanosoma cruzi. Although Triatoma infestans is under control, there has been a considerable increase in secondary vectors such as Triatoma sordida; therefore, continuous epidemiological surveillance is fully justified within the current context of the SUS, and should be considered for inclusion as routine practice within the Family Health Program.
The document discusses health inequities in West Bengal, India. It notes that geographic, economic, social factors and lack of access lead to underserved populations. Specific districts and blocks are identified as facing health challenges like measles outbreaks. Factors like female literacy, poverty, and social determinants are linked to worse health outcomes. Solutions proposed include strengthening community outreach, improving access to clinics and facilities, and monitoring and support of the healthcare system.
The document summarizes India's school health program. It discusses the WHO definition of school health, the evolution of school health services in India since 1909, and the current national program implemented in all government and private schools. The key components of the program include health screenings and services, immunizations, deworming, nutrition interventions, and the Mid-Day Meal Scheme. The objectives are to promote health, prevent diseases, provide early treatment, and create a healthful school environment. Specific aspects covered include health appraisals, treatment and follow-up, disease prevention, nutrition, and programs for dental, eye, and mental health.
Project Proposal on Promotion of School Health and Nutrition (POSHAN) ProjectMohammad Aslam Shaiekh
The POSHAN Project aims to promote school health and nutrition in 4 villages in Nepal over 2 years. It will establish Child Care Centers in schools to provide health screenings, treatment, and nutrition services. It will implement several strategies, including developing school health policies, providing safe water and sanitation, delivering health education, and offering health and nutrition services in schools. The project expects to improve students' health, education outcomes, and social equity in a cost-effective manner by ensuring children are healthy, well-nourished, and able to fully participate in and benefit from their education.
Strategies to strengthen Mission Indradhanushshayonisen2012
Mission Indradhanush aims to increase full immunization coverage in India from 65% to 90% by 2020 through special catch-up drives. It focuses on conducting immunization rounds in identified districts, targeting pregnant women, children up to age 2, and those up to age 5 for booster doses. Key challenges include only 65% of Indian children being fully immunized and continued disease burden. Strategies proposed to address this include defining state-specific desired outcomes, intensive training, effective communication, and involving community leaders. A patient reminder system is also suggested to identify children due for immunization.
Integrated child development Scheme, ICDS Mission the broad framework for implementation, The challenges Evoluation and progress, ICDS strengthening, Restructuring, Mechanism of implementation, Strengthening human resources, Training and capacity building, Logistic management, AWCs Monitoring and review
This document summarizes the Nutrition Program Design Assistant tool, which was created by CORE Group and partners to help program planners design community-based nutrition programs. The tool includes a reference guide and workbook. The reference guide provides guidance on analyzing the nutrition situation, identifying appropriate program approaches, and selecting a combination of approaches based on the situation, resources, and objectives. It outlines six steps for using the tool: 1) gathering and synthesizing nutrition data, 2) determining program goals and objectives, 3) reviewing existing health services, 4) preliminary prevention program design, 5) preliminary recuperation program design, and 6) finalizing the programming plan including costing. The tool was developed with input from many organizations to help
Cuba has developed a unique national health care system that provides universal access to health care through a multi-tiered system focused on preventative medicine and community health. The system is centered around family doctor-nurse teams that are based in local communities. It emphasizes health as a human right that is provided equally and free of cost by the state. Though Cuba faces challenges related to limited resources, its health care system has achieved strong health outcomes comparable to developed nations.
The document discusses Bangladesh's population policy and its objectives, strategies, and challenges. The key points are:
1) The population policy aims to reduce fertility rates, increase family planning access, and stabilize the population at 210 million by 2060 through strategies like expanding reproductive health services and raising awareness.
2) However, there are several challenges including social factors that influence fertility preferences, lack of male involvement, and economic insecurity that encourages large families.
3) While the policy addresses issues like maternal health and urbanization, the analysis finds gaps remain in fully dealing with concerns around adolescents, HIV/AIDS, and increasing contraceptive access that require recommendations to strengthen future policies.
The proposed Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) aims to combine existing child protection schemes under one umbrella scheme with the objectives of creating a safety net for vulnerable children, promoting preventive measures to keep families together, and establishing rehabilitation services. The key components include setting up structures for juvenile justice and for children in need of protection, as well as a proposed revised adoption scheme to streamline the process. States are asked to provide information on their current child protection systems and adoption processes to help develop the integrated scheme.
The document discusses India's public health programs and policies around reproductive and child health (RCH). After independence, India reorganized its health system to provide universal access through national health programs targeting issues like communicable diseases, environmental sanitation, population growth, and nutrition. Key RCH programs discussed include reproductive and child health, newborn and child health, integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses, diarrhea prevention and treatment, immunization, breastfeeding promotion, and adolescent health.
The document discusses the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) in India. It aims to address health issues among urban poor populations through several key strategies:
1. Strengthening existing public health infrastructure in cities by establishing Primary Urban Health Centers (PUHCs) to improve access and referrals.
2. Partnering with non-governmental providers to fill gaps in health services through models like public-private partnerships.
3. Developing community-based healthcare through mechanisms like urban health activists, community-level care, and community-managed health insurance and risk pooling.
The NUHM seeks to improve health services for urban poor populations facing issues like poor living conditions, lack of access to facilities
This presentation covers the USAID Office of Maternal, Child Health and Nutrition; the Office of Health Systems; Office of Population and Reproductive Health; and the Center for Innovation and Impact.
The Cuban health system is government run and aims to provide universal healthcare access. It has three tiers - hospitals, polyclinics, and family doctor units. Key aspects include preventative care through family doctors, community involvement, and allocating over 10% of GDP to healthcare. Cuba ranks highly on health indicators like life expectancy despite economic challenges. Critics argue the system favors political elites and faces resource constraints.
Adolescent health and national health programmesDr.Preeti Tiwari
The document discusses several national health programs in India that address adolescent health issues. It describes programs like RKSK that focus on improving nutrition, sexual and reproductive health, and preventing injuries among adolescents. It also outlines other schemes for adolescent girls such as Kishori Shakti Yojana and Nutrition Program for Adolescent Girls that aim to enhance their health, education, and empowerment. The document provides details on services covered under these programs, including weekly iron supplementation, health clinics, peer education, and life skills training.
This high standard gulet, extensively re-fitted in 2014, is always popular with families, or a mixed group of couples and singles. For a carefree and relaxed gulet charter in Turkey, Bodrum built Bibi Aysegul is perfect. 3 cabins have twin beds and the other 3 are doubles. The En suite bathrooms have shower and home flush type toilets. Varnished pine throughout creates a sophisticated yet homely warm atmosphere. On deck there are cushions everywhere to spread out and soak up the Mediterranean sun.
Please contact us for our full portfolio of gulet yachts for private charter in Turkey.
compañeros y profe, no tuve éxito enviando el producto final por la plataforma, es por eso, que lo envío por este medio, espero cumpla con las expectativas.
BENDICIONES
Factors and Implications of Cross-Border Marriage among Malaysian Citizensinventionjournals
Cross-border marriage has been the choice of citizens of Malaysia to hasten the matrimony process. The Province of Satun in Thailand is a popular place to engage in a low cost and efficient marriage consultancy services. A qualitative research was conducted to identify the contributory factors to this phenomenon. Ten respondents were interviewed structurally by the researchers in Satun, Thailand. The interview sessions were recorded and transcribed for analysis purposes. The thematic method was applied to answer the research objectives. The findings showed that among the dominant factors were family arranged marriage, polygamy, acquaintance and others. Overall, cross border marriage is still a choice among Malaysians even though the strict procedure and laws on marriage have been alleviated by the local Islamic Religious Departments. Two implications have been identified, which are the psychosocial and economics implications, and the implication on the laws. The research also suggests that the authorities should further loosen the existing marriage procedures particularly in terms of the conditions for marriage and polygamy. Couples need to prepare themselves mentally and physically as well as with knowledge before deciding to get married across the border.
El documento describe el modelado de negocios y diferentes herramientas para representar modelos de negocios, como lienzos canvas. Explica algunos modelos de negocios innovadores adoptados por empresas como IBM, Gillette, y el modelo de "cola larga". También menciona herramientas como UModel y Plan Cruncher para el diseño de modelos de negocios.
A lo largo de la vida del autor, ha habido una evolución en las tecnologías de comunicación e información como la televisión, los teléfonos, los dispositivos móviles y los aparatos de audio. La televisión ha pasado de ser en blanco y negro con pocos canales a ser a color, de alta definición y con conexión a Internet. Los teléfonos han pasado de ser fijos e inalámbricos a los teléfonos móviles cada vez más pequeños. Los aparatos de audio almacenan la mús
Lambada- Telugu Contact: Factors Affecting Language Choice in Bilingualsinventionjournals
Language contact between Lambadi and Telugu in Telangana region has been in effect since before independence. Generations of contact has resulted in bilingualism of various degrees among them. This bilingualism has produced variation in the use of Lambadi language with respect to psychological, social and cultural factors further under the influence of urbanization and globalization. Part of a series of research, addressed to analyze the synchronic effects seen as a consequence of the contact of lambada with a dominant language (culturally and in numbers), this paper aims to state and consolidate all factors influencing the language maintenance and shift among Lambada speakers. Under such circumstances, an analysis of language choice under the influence of factors ranging from situation, topic, domain, role, media as theorized by Fishman(1965) are applicable with furthermore additions resulting from Lambadi being an oral language. Language contact and choice, of two languages with scripts has to be viewed in a different perspective than the contact between an orally passed down language and a language with script. Media variance tips the needle towards the scripted language for all governmental and technical purposes and thus eliminates the resistance to shift from mother tongue which is otherwise universally seen. Similar differences have been studied and an effort to give a construct more suitable to the multilingual contact study of the case under study has been done in this paper.
El documento presenta un resumen de la cibercultura y cómo está afectando el desarrollo de los niños. Explica que la cibercultura se refiere a la cultura que emerge del uso de la computadora para comunicación, entretenimiento y comercio electrónico. Argumenta que los niños cada vez dependen más de dispositivos electrónicos e ignoran sus juguetes tradicionales, lo que refleja cómo la humanidad está evolucionando junto con la tecnología.
Este documento discute los fundamentos de una ética latinoamericana y sus principales desafíos. Explica que la ética se refiere al comportamiento humano y busca formas de vida ricas en humanidad. También explora la relación entre la ética y disciplinas como la antropología, el derecho y la religión. Argumenta que América Latina necesita una ética propia que se construya desde su propia identidad e historia, en lugar de éticas impuestas desde fuera. Finalmente, sostiene que la ética latinoamericana debe enfocarse
Generate Leads with a Financing Marketing CampaignSteve Teneriello
The document discusses a furnace replacement finance marketing campaign. It recommends delivering extreme perceived value to customers to avoid competing on price alone. It suggests making it easy for homeowners to take action by offering a $500-600 discount and positioning a finance offer to generate leads. The goal is to get homeowners to book free in-person estimates.
Impact of Crop Insurance on Area and Production: A Balanced Panel Model Analy...inventionjournals
This article examines the impact of three important parameters such as insurance participation (INSP), total sum insured (TSI) and total premium collected (TPC) on total area under cultivation and total production for Aman Paddy, Boro Paddy and Potato respectively in selected district Hooghly, West Bengal. The balance panel model has been used to justify the above argument. We have collected the requisite data from District Statistical Hand Books, Economic Review of West Bengal and from the Nodal Office of National Agriculture Insurance Company of India Limited, Kolkata. Our empirical finding is that both the total sum insured (TSI) and total premium collected are incentive to increase the area of these crops. The insurance participation (INSP) and total sum insured (TSI) both assist to increase the production of all crops. But the influence of total premium collected (TPC) which is different, just for Aman Paddy is non-cooperative to increase the production. We have observed an adverse significant effect of insurance participation on total area under cultivation for all crops. JEL Classification: C13, C22, Q14
Multiple Linear Regression Applications in Real Estate Pricinginventionjournals
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Analysis of the Implementation of the Project of Revitalization of Health Huts in the Health District of Goudomp (Senegal)
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 11||November. 2016 || PP.16-22
www.ijhssi.org 16 | Page
Analysis of the Implementation of the Project of Revitalization of
Health Huts in the Health District of Goudomp (Senegal)
TALL Alioune Badara1
, NDIAYE Abdoul Aziz1
,
NGOM Ndeye Fatou1
, DIALLO Gorgui Sene2
, Gueye Boubacar1
, Gaye Awa1
,
Dia Mountaga1
, Bob Martial Coly1
, Sow Papa Gallo1
, Faye Adama3
, Tal-Dia
Anta3
1
(UFR SDD/ University Alioune Diop of Bambey, Senegal)
2
NGO Africare, Senegal
3
(Public Health Department, ISED/ University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal)
ABSTRACT: USAID through its implementing agencyAfricare, committed since 2006 to support the health
district Goudomp in improving the services offered at the health huts especially in the fight against
malnutrition, diarrhea, malaria and acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children aged 0 to 5 years. The
general objective of this study is to analyze the USAID Community Health program implementation at the boxes
in the Health District of Goudomp.A cross-sectional study with a survey of knowledge and practices of mothers
or guardians of children from 0 to 59 months and an assessment on the quality of services in health huts of the
areas targeted by the project was conducted from 2 to 5 May 2009 at the health district of Goudomp.
The home delivery rate is 48.5% among persons surveyed and 18.7% gave birth in the Health Hut. On
assistance to childbirth 26.4% of the women surveyed were assisted by a midwife or a community health
worker. 80.3% of children were weighed every month for the last 3 months preceding the survey.The ARI care
for children took place in more than 1/3 of cases (36.5%) at the health hut against 31.8% at the stations or
health center. 1/3 fevers were also treated at the health huts.In terms of the cleanliness of the yard and
premises, additional efforts must be made because 13 of the 19 huts visited were found fit contrary to the basic
survey where 20 of the 23 huts visited were found fit. It is also the prevention of infections which is very low as
practiced by 8 of the 19 huts visited. The implementation of strategies involving associations such as groupings
of promoting women and youth groups should be preferred in order to allow greater involvement of the
population. The success of this project will undoubtedly improve the reduction of maternal and child mortality
in the health district of Goudomp.
Keywords: Analysis, health Huts, Goudomp, SENEGAL.
I. INTRODUCTION
The District of Goudomp, established since 2005, has one health predicament with very low indicators.
The illiteracy rate is still very high among women (86%) and access to water for population remains low
(64.6%). The child mortality rate due to the fact it belonged to the ancient region of Kolda is one of the most
important of Senegal (205‰) [1]. This high mortality is linked to diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, acute
respiratory infections (ARI), intestinal parasites that often arise in the context of malnutrition among children 0-
59 months. This situation was aggravated by over twenty years of fratricidal war with its corollary of population
displacement, abandonment of farmland and closure of health facilities due to staff shortages.
Since the return of the lull, accessibility of health services is accentuated by the reopening of some health
centers and the support of some partners in reproductive health, the fight against malaria, tuberculosis and HIV
infection. However, it is clear that much remains to be done in the population's access to basic health care
especially those in remote villages and difficult of access.
Health huts that occupy the most peripheral level of the health system and are an important link to the
community-based service offering are experiencing difficulties in their operation. For ten years, the state of
Senegal no longer built health huts. It does not equip them and does not support the staff serving their, either.
These structures are to the community charge which very often is not well prepared for their management. [2]
Thus, USAID through its implementing agency Africare, committed since 2006, to support the district of
Goudomp in improving the services offered at the health huts especially in the fight against malnutrition,
diarrhea, malaria and acute respiratory infections in children aged 0 to 5 years.
2. Analysis Of The Implementation Of The Project Of Revitalization Of Health Huts In The Health…
www.ijhssi.org 17 | Page
Since 2008, twenty five huts of the health district were enrolled by Africare (six in 2008 and nineteen
in 2009).
The project also set up around health posts, intervention sites where outreach activities are conducted,
monitoring of child growth, support of tuberculosis patients and distribution of treated mosquito nets.
The main objective of this project is to help improve access to primary health care and prevention of high
prevalence diseases in remote villages of the district of Goudomp. The general objective is to analyze the
USAID Community Health program implementation at the Huts in the Health District of Goudomp.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Scope of the study
The district of Goudomp is located in the Sédhiou region in the extreme south of Senegal and covers an
area of 1756 km2. It is bounded in the north by the district of Sédhiou, south by Guinea Bissau, in the east by
the district of Kolda and west by the district of Ziguinchor.
In 2008, the population of the health district of Goudomp was estimated at 152 669 inhabitants.
The primary sector dominates the economic activities that revolve around agriculture, fishing and livestock. Due
to insecurity in some areas, economic activities were slowed sharply for years. The secondary sector, very low
in the district is represented only by the craft.
The road network is very poor. It consists of a defective and cracked road (national road number 6)
connecting the city of Ziguinchor to that of Kolda. However, the district is crossed by tracks of productions that
are impassable during the rainy season.
The health district has 2 building health centers, 1 mini health center, 13 health posts and 31 health
Huts, 2 are not functional.
The district of Goudomp is characterized by a lack of qualified personnel. Because of the insecurity
that prevailed for years, few health workers agree to stay in the district. [3]
2. Type of study:
A cross-sectional study with a survey of knowledge and practices of mothers or guardians of children
0-59 months and an assessment on the quality of services in health huts of the areas targeted by the project was
conducted from 2 to 5 May 2009 in the health district of Goudomp.
3. Study Population
The target population consists of mothers or guardians of children aged 0 to 59 months living in
neighborhoods or villages polarized by "Africare» Huts in the health district of Goudomp.
Inclusion criteria
Any mother or guardian of a child aged 0 to 59 months living for at least 6 months in neighborhoods or
villages polarized by the "Africare" Huts of the Health District of Goudomp
Exclusion criteria
Any mother or guardian of missing children at the time of the survey or refusing to participate will be excluded.
4. Sampling
4.1. Calculating the sample size
To calculate the size of our study population, the following formula was applied:
N = g (2
. p. q) / i2
N: sample size
g = cluster effect assumed: 2
= 1.96: gap reduced to a confidence interval of 95%
= the error of the first kind granted: 5%
p: probability of occurrence of the phenomenon studied (set by default to 50% in the absence of specific data)
q: supplement p = 1 – p
i: accuracy desired (By convention, it is chosen between 5 and 10% For this study, we chose 8% of accuracy.)
N = 2 (1.962 * 0.5 * 0.5) / 0.082
= 300
For this study, we considered 30 clusters that were distributed in the area with 10 statistical units to include a
minimum cluster.
4.2. Method of survey
The cluster sampling in two stages was conducted to select the statistical units. The first stage allowed
to draw for a number of districts / villages of the study area, the second stage, concessions in the neighborhoods
/ villages selected.
3. Analysis Of The Implementation Of The Project Of Revitalization Of Health Huts In The Health…
www.ijhssi.org 18 | Page
For each neighborhood / village, the sociological center has been identified. From this point, a draw
was taken using the method of the bottle to define randomly the direction of progress of the survey team. In this
direction, the nearest first concession was identified based on his front door as a guide. The method step by step
always taking the right was then used to determine the concessions to visit by investigators. In each concession
visited were systematically included all mothers or guardians of children meeting the inclusion criteria of the
study.
5. Data collection tools
Quantitative mother survey is based on a questionnaire that takes into account some socio-economic
aspects, immunization, childbirth, the management of malaria, ARI and services offered at the Huts.
The evaluation of the quality of services was based on an observation grid in each Hut taking into
account the cleanliness of the yard, premises and the practice of infection prevention.
6. Data collected
The survey has permitted to collect various information about:
• Some socio-economic conditions of people:
o The level of education
o The existence or absence of income generating activities
• The practice of childbirth
• Coverage by impregnated mosquito nets
• The management of ARI, malaria, diarrhea
• Feeding and Child Nutrition from 0 to 59 months
• Vaccination of children
• The level of knowledge of mothers or guardians of children on the services offered at the Huts
7. Entry and Data Analysis
The seizure and analysis of the survey results and practical knowledge of mothers of children aged 0-
59 months on the services offered by Goudomp district health units is made on the Epi 2000 version 3.3.2
software.
III. RESULTS
1. Socio-economic characteristics of the mothers of children 0 to 59 months
Three hundred mothers or guardians of children aged 0 to 59 months were surveyed at the household level. Of
these, almost one third (32%) said they had no education and only 7.3% had reached high school.
More than half of women surveyed (54%) were engaged in agriculture and 13.3% reported having no income
generating activity.
2. Knowledge by the mothers of the services offered at the Hut
2.1. Knowledge of the existence of a Hut
Only two hundred and forty mothers or guardians of children (80%) said they knew the existence of a
health Hut in their area.
Table I :Distribution of mothers by knowledge of the existence or not of the Hut
Knowledge of Hut existence (N=300) Number (n) Percentage (%)
Yes 240 80
No 60 20
Total 300 100
2.2. Knowledge of Huts activities
More than 2/3 (69%) of mothers or guardians are informed of the holding of monitoring of growth and
61% are aware of the fever care activities. The activities of diarrhea and cough care are known by less than half
of the mothers.
4. Analysis Of The Implementation Of The Project Of Revitalization Of Health Huts In The Health…
www.ijhssi.org 19 | Page
Figure 1:Distribution of mothers by knowledge of services in the Hut
3. Health Practices of mothers of children aged 0-59 months
3.1. During childbirth
The home birth rate is 48.5% among those surveyed and 18.7% gave birth in the health Hut. On
assistance to childbirth 26.4% of the women surveyed were assisted by a midwife or community health worker.
3.2. Vaccination
81% of children had a vaccination card. Among these children, 213 were fully vaccinated 71% of the sample.
3.3. Food and Child Nutrition
Breastfeeding was practiced by almost all women (97%). Of these, 47% said they put their child to
breast within the first hour after delivery. However, 26.1% said they had given something to drink to their child
during the first three days.
3.4. Monitoring and promoting the growth of the child
80.3% of children were weighed every month for the last 3 months.
Most children older than 12 months were de-wormed during the last 6 months (92.1%). Among children aged
over 6 months 89.9% were supplemented with vitamin A in the last 6 months.
Table II :Distribution of Children by regular weighing, de-worming andVitamin A supplementation
Children weighed every month for the last three months (N=300) Number (n) Percentage (%)
Yes 241 80,3
No 59 19,7
Total 300 100
Enfants de-wormed (N=277)
Yes 255 92,1
No 22 7,9
Total 277 100
Enfants supplemented with Vit. A (N=297)
Yes 267 89,9
No 30 10,1
Total 297 100
3.5. Support of IRA
42% of children have had an acute respiratory infection during the preceding 15 days of the survey.
Among them 36.5% sought an appeal on the same day against 27% the next day, and23% did not seek to
recourse.The support was made in more than 1/3 of cases (36.5%) at the health Hut against 31.8% at thepost or
health Center.
Table III : Distribution of children by the existence of an ARI, according to the time of recourse for care and by
place of care
Distribution of children by the existence of ARI (N=300) Number (n) Percentage (%)
Yes 126 42
No 173 57,7
Does not know 1 0,3
Total 300 100
Time of recourse to care of ARI (N=126)
Same day 46 36,5
Next day 34 27
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After 2 days 10 7,9
After 3 days or more 7 5,6
No recourse 29 23
Total 126 100
Place of care of ARI (N=126)
Health Hut 46 36,5
Health Post or Health Center 40 31,8
Healer 6 4,8
Other 5 3,9
None 29 23
Total 126 100
3.6. Support of fever
Of the 300 mothers surveyed, 42.3% said they found fever in their children during the 15 days
preceding the survey. Among them more than 1/3 (35.4%) sought treatment the same day and 22.8% the next
day; just over a quarter (26.1%) do not have not sought treatment.
Among the 127 children who presented a fever, 1/3 (33.9%) were treated in a health Hut against the 1/4
(25.2%) in a post or health center and 22% did not go to any structure.
Table IV:Distribution of children according to the existence of a fever, the time of recourse to care and by
place of care
Distribution of children by the presence of a fever (N=300) Number(n) Percentage (%)
Yes 127 42,3
No 173 57,7
Total 300 100
Period of recourse to care (N=127)
Same day 45 35,4
Next day 29 22,8
After 2 days 15 11,8
After 3 days or more 5 3,9
No recourse 33 26,1
Total 127 100
Place of care (N=127)
Hospital 9 7,1
Health Hut 43 33,9
Health Post or Health Center 32 25,2
Healer 5 3,9
Other 10 7,9
None 28 22
Total 127 100
4. Quality of services at the Hut
Of all the 19 huts visited, 13 have premises (consultation room, childbirth, care and waiting room) and
a yard having been found fit. Infection control was practiced by 8 of the 19 Huts.
IV. DISCUSSIONS
1. Health Practices and knowledge of mothers of children aged 0-59 months
The analysis of data on birth shows that the home birth rate is still very high (48.5%). This rate is as
important as that found at the basic survey (43%). [4] Only 18.7% of surveyed women give birth at the health
Hut and 15.7% at the health post. These rates are lower than those foundby the basic survey that are 25% and
22% respectively.
The results found in this study are lower than those found by F. B. DIALLO who estimated that in
Guinea 67.3% of women still give birth at home without assistance. [5] The reasons are among others the
distance of structures, poverty, illiteracy, poor reception in health facilities and certain habits and customs. He
also believes that all these factors are maintained by a lack of information and awareness. [5]
The improvement of the delivery rate at the health huts require the presence in each health Hut of a
matron who will necessarily undergo training at least six weeks at the health center. The initiative "Badjénou
Gokh" currently advocated by the ministry of health could help ensure active monitoring of pregnant women
from the beginning of pregnancy until delivery. This initiative is a sponsorship strategy of targets of maternal
and newborn health by women leaders. These women work in their community to help women of childbearing
age in their choice of family planning, providing support to women sponsored for monitoring prenatal
consultations, and assist in childbirth by ensuring that services be accessible. [6]
The results show that breastfeeding is widely practiced among these mothers of children 0 to 59
months (97%). However, it is clear that it is not exclusive, since 26.1% of them said they had given food
supplements in the three days following the birth. It is the same for giving breast which is not premature because
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only 47% gave breast within the first hour. These results are identical to those of the basic survey where only
45% of women practicing early breastfeeding and 46% exclusive breastfeeding. [4] Exclusive breastfeeding,
recommended by WHO and the Ministry of Health for the first six months of life allows the child to acquire
maternal antibodies and essential nutrients. In addition, breast milk, being sterile, can avoid diarrhea and other
diseases. [7]
However, in order to improve and promote appropriate feeding practices among these mothers, special
emphasis must be placed at these health huts to promote better feeding practices. Any meeting of the community
health worker (CHW) or matron with a pregnant woman should be an opportunity to address the feeding of the
newborn and especially breastfeeding. The CHW must always assess the experience of the mother, knowledge,
desires to provide information on the modalities of implementation of breastfeeding. But this information alone,
delivered individually or in groups, has a limited impact on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding and duration of
breastfeeding. [8] However, women's participation in circles of solidarity discussions or care group on this
theme could strengthen the practice of this AME.
Our study showed that 42% of children presented an ARI. Of these children, more than 2/3 have sought
a remedy in a health facility. However this action is not immediate because only 36.5% of mothers with children
have sought care the same day at the health center. These results are not very different from the basic survey
here the prevalence of ARI was 40%. Thirty-eight percent (38%) had sought recourse within 24 hours against
43% in the following days. Forty-one percent (41%) of mothers had gone to the health Hut. In our study, the
continuing low support for ARI at Community level could be explained by ignorance by the people in the
supply of this service in the health Hut. This is corroborated by the survey data which show that only 47.2% of
mothers knew that support of simple ARI cases was available at the health Hut. It should also be noted that
among these children with an ARI, a significant proportion (23%) remained without care remedies. The use of
traditional medicine, which was 9% at the basic survey, went to 4.76%.
The revitalization of the management of ARI at the Huts will necessarily involve continuous
availability of cotrimoxazole because the latter was estimated at only 41% in the basic survey [4]. Likewise,
supervision of health workers should be regular for strict control of the management of ARI even if a study in
the health district of Sédhiou showed a performance of the CHW at 72% [9].
In our study, the prevalence of fever was 42.3% among children aged 0 to 59 months while it was 38%
in the basic survey [4]. The use of a health facility on the same day is still low (35.4%). It is the same for the
referral at the Hut (34.9%). This low score is all the more paradoxical that all CHWs have received training on
the treatment of malaria. The posters on the support are also available in Huts. This low attendance seems to be
reinforced by the low level of knowledge of the service offering at the Hut because 38% of women are unaware
of the availability of this service at the Hut. To better revitalize the management of malaria, the CHW must be
trained in the use of rapid diagnostic test. Also, the treatment of malaria at home (PECADOM) is a way to
improve access to treatment in the community especially the remote areas, difficult to reach. [10]
2. Quality of services at the Hut
As part of the offering services, aspects such as cleanliness of the yard, premises and infection
prevention were assessed in this study.
In terms of the cleanliness of the yard and premises, additional efforts must be made because 13 of the
19 huts visited were found fit contrary to the basic survey where 20 of the 23 huts visited were found fit. It is
also about the prevention of infections which is very low as practiced by 8 of the 19 huts visited. The most
problems known are the lack of decontamination solution, no sorting of waste and sometimes the lack of
equipment of the prevention of Infection (plastic bags, the existence of brush, sterilization equipment). Support
should be provided by the health district for CHW training on infection prevention.
V. CONCLUSION
Two years after the start of the revitalization program of health huts of the Districtof Goudomp, the
implementation was evaluated through this quantitative study. The mid-term review has revealed the persistence
of certain practices such as home births (48.5%), delay in treatment remedies for fever, ARI, diarrhea in children
0-59 months. All these practices are supported in part by the poor knowledge of the offering service in the Huts.
Thus, the implementation of strategies involving women, youth will diminish these harmful practices for the
health of the community.
However, it is necessary to continue the expansion of the project in all district health huts and revitalize
community participation in the implementation of care group. Some associations like the GPF and youth groups
must also be revitalized to enable greater involvement of populations. The success of this project will
undoubtedly improve the reduction of maternal and child mortality.
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