The document discusses the role of the National Service Scheme (NSS) in preventing HIV/AIDS among adolescents in India. The NSS was launched in 1969 to promote community service among students. It now has over 3.2 million student volunteers involved in community development activities. Some of the NSS's activities aimed at preventing HIV/AIDS include health education programs, AIDS awareness campaigns, and providing healthcare. The document also notes that adolescents are particularly vulnerable to HIV due to risky behaviors and lack of access to information. Expanding prevention programs that use a combination of strategies, including education and healthcare access, could significantly reduce new HIV infections among youth.
UN SDG # 3 : Good Health and Well being
The goal III, aims to address all the major health priorities with regard to child and maternal health, end of communicable diseases, reducing the number of non-communicable diseases cases, ease of access to safe and affordable medicines and vaccines and ensure universal health coverage (UHC), to help build productive and resilient communities. Despite making rapid strides in improving the health and well being through innovation, new drug discoveries and R&D, health care inequality does persist over access. Earlier Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) from 2000-2015, focussed on specific health conditions of maternal and child health, communicable diseases viz; HIV/AIDS, other diseases like Tuberculosis, vector borne diseases like Malaria. What MDGs lacked was focus with regard to entire health system and how they cater to health services for overall health and wellbeing. SDGs 2030 agenda from 2015-2030 , has set the target towards focus on Universal Health Coverage (UHC), which includes access to health services and with financial risk protection.
Attitudes of Christianreligious Education (CRE) Teachers and Students towards...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to establish challenges in the teaching and learning of Christian Religious Education (CRE) that affect its provision and integration of effective HIV/AIDS education in secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to establish the attitudes of CRE teachers and students towards the role of the subject in provision of HIV/AIDS education to learners in Kenya.Stratified random sampling was used to select the 62 secondary schools that were used in the study while simple random sampling was used to select 102 teachers and 462 students who participated in the study. The study was guided by concepts and theories on factors affecting curriculum development and innovation by curriculum developers such as Farrant, Bishop, Gross and others. The research instruments for this study werequestionnaires.Data from questionnaires was quantitativelyanalysed using descriptive statistics.The study established that both the CRE teachers and students had positive attitudes towards the role of the CRE in the provision of HIV/AIDS education. The study concluded that though most of the CRE teachers and students had a positive attitude towards the role of the subject in providing HIV/AIDS education, many felt what the subject was offering on HIV/AIDS was not adequate. Consequently, the study recommended that the ministry of Education should organize for in-service training or seminars for CRE teachers and students in secondary schools on the importance of the subject in providing HIV/AIDS education so that they continue to have a positive attitude towards the subject providing HIV/AIDS education.
HIV and AIDS still remains the greatest public health challenge globally (Strauss and Thomas, 2008).
It is undoubtedly a major cause of premature deaths in many parts of the world with the poorest regions being the most affected.
The lack of an imminent cure or vaccine means that more deaths and large disease burden are inevitable (WHO, 2001).
By the end of 2010, approximately 34 million people globally were living with HIV infection.
In the same year, nearly 2.7 million new infections including slightly over 300,000 among children and 1.8 million AIDS related deaths occurred (UNAIDS, 2010).
UN SDG # 3 : Good Health and Well being
The goal III, aims to address all the major health priorities with regard to child and maternal health, end of communicable diseases, reducing the number of non-communicable diseases cases, ease of access to safe and affordable medicines and vaccines and ensure universal health coverage (UHC), to help build productive and resilient communities. Despite making rapid strides in improving the health and well being through innovation, new drug discoveries and R&D, health care inequality does persist over access. Earlier Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) from 2000-2015, focussed on specific health conditions of maternal and child health, communicable diseases viz; HIV/AIDS, other diseases like Tuberculosis, vector borne diseases like Malaria. What MDGs lacked was focus with regard to entire health system and how they cater to health services for overall health and wellbeing. SDGs 2030 agenda from 2015-2030 , has set the target towards focus on Universal Health Coverage (UHC), which includes access to health services and with financial risk protection.
Attitudes of Christianreligious Education (CRE) Teachers and Students towards...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to establish challenges in the teaching and learning of Christian Religious Education (CRE) that affect its provision and integration of effective HIV/AIDS education in secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to establish the attitudes of CRE teachers and students towards the role of the subject in provision of HIV/AIDS education to learners in Kenya.Stratified random sampling was used to select the 62 secondary schools that were used in the study while simple random sampling was used to select 102 teachers and 462 students who participated in the study. The study was guided by concepts and theories on factors affecting curriculum development and innovation by curriculum developers such as Farrant, Bishop, Gross and others. The research instruments for this study werequestionnaires.Data from questionnaires was quantitativelyanalysed using descriptive statistics.The study established that both the CRE teachers and students had positive attitudes towards the role of the CRE in the provision of HIV/AIDS education. The study concluded that though most of the CRE teachers and students had a positive attitude towards the role of the subject in providing HIV/AIDS education, many felt what the subject was offering on HIV/AIDS was not adequate. Consequently, the study recommended that the ministry of Education should organize for in-service training or seminars for CRE teachers and students in secondary schools on the importance of the subject in providing HIV/AIDS education so that they continue to have a positive attitude towards the subject providing HIV/AIDS education.
HIV and AIDS still remains the greatest public health challenge globally (Strauss and Thomas, 2008).
It is undoubtedly a major cause of premature deaths in many parts of the world with the poorest regions being the most affected.
The lack of an imminent cure or vaccine means that more deaths and large disease burden are inevitable (WHO, 2001).
By the end of 2010, approximately 34 million people globally were living with HIV infection.
In the same year, nearly 2.7 million new infections including slightly over 300,000 among children and 1.8 million AIDS related deaths occurred (UNAIDS, 2010).
Myanmar: Humanitarian Snapshot (03 Mar 2017)
http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-humanitarian-snapshot-03-mar-2017
INFOGRAPHICfrom UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Published on 05 Mar 2017
Download PDF (2.51 MB)
Over the past six months Myanmar has experienced a surge in new displacement in four states, while humanitarian organizations simultaneously faced severe constraints on access. Border post attacks on 9 Oct 2016 and subsequent security operations triggered a new humanitarian crisis in northern Rakhine. Intensified conflict resulted in new displacement in Kachin and northern Shan. Thousands were also relocated in Kayin State due to fighting in Sep 2016.
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs:
To learn more about OCHA's activities, please visit http://unocha.org/.
HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2017
Humanitarian Bulletin Myanmar
Issue 4 2016 | October 2016 – January 2017
On the eve of the World Health Day 2016, we put forth how the mid-day meal programme — the largest of its kind in the world — is helping the country to battle hunger and malnutrition in children.
Myanmar: Humanitarian Snapshot (03 Mar 2017)
http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-humanitarian-snapshot-03-mar-2017
INFOGRAPHICfrom UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Published on 05 Mar 2017
Download PDF (2.51 MB)
Over the past six months Myanmar has experienced a surge in new displacement in four states, while humanitarian organizations simultaneously faced severe constraints on access. Border post attacks on 9 Oct 2016 and subsequent security operations triggered a new humanitarian crisis in northern Rakhine. Intensified conflict resulted in new displacement in Kachin and northern Shan. Thousands were also relocated in Kayin State due to fighting in Sep 2016.
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs:
To learn more about OCHA's activities, please visit http://unocha.org/.
HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2017
Humanitarian Bulletin Myanmar
Issue 4 2016 | October 2016 – January 2017
On the eve of the World Health Day 2016, we put forth how the mid-day meal programme — the largest of its kind in the world — is helping the country to battle hunger and malnutrition in children.
The Effectiveness of HIV/Aids Education in Promoting Interventions for A Supp...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS education is supposed to not only be a medium of creating awareness but also most importantly promote practices and skills to enable HIV prevention among youth in schools. This article reports on a study whose purpose was to assess the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS education in promoting interventions for a supportive environment in secondary schools. Specifically, the study sought to find out the extent to which interventions for a supportive environment for HIV/AIDS prevention were emphasized to youth; and explore the factors that influenced the promotion of the interventions. The study focused on youth involvement, parental involvement and HIV/AIDS prevention friendly school policies. The findings of the study established that the potential of the youth in enabling HIV/AIDS prevention among their fellow peers was not fully exploited. Parental involvement was low especially among the fathers. Parents rarely engaged in discussions on topics that dealt with sexuality. HIV/AIDS prevention friendly policies were ineffectively promoted in schools. Factors that influenced the promotion of the interventions were explored.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The Sixth Stocktaking Report accounts for both progress made and setbacks identified in the last two years. Globally countries have made more inroads on new HIV infections among children since 2011 than in the previous decade, but the rate of slowing new infections isn't yet on track to meet Millennium Development Goal 6 by its 2015 deadline.
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS INFLUENCING CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION PR...GABRIEL JEREMIAH ORUIKOR
Abstract: Background: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective interventions with proven strategies to reach
the vulnerable populations. It is also a proven tool for controlling and eliminating life threatening infectious diseases.
It also prevents illness, disability and deaths from vaccine preventable diseases averting estimated 2-3 million deaths
each year.
Method: A descriptive survey research design was adopted, one hundred 100 nursing mothers were used for the
study. The instruments used for the study was a self-structured questionnaire. Simple random sampling technique
was used to select the sample for the study. Data collected were analysed using frequency, counts and percentage
table for demographic information.
Result: The findings of the study revealed that behaviour/attitude of healthcare workers and lack of enough
information were determinants of incomplete routine immunization, while life style, religion and belief were not
determinants of incomplete routine immunization. However, level of education, distance to health facility, life style,
religion and belief were jointly determinants of incomplete routine immunization among nursing mothers in Jericho
specialist hospital.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study; it is therefore recommended that State Government and
Philanthropists should assist in building more health care facilities close to the communities for easy accessibility.
Effort should be geared towards public campaign using local dialect to encourage them to complete routine
immunization. In addition, community mobilization should be strengthening especially among nursing mothers to
be fully informed about the merits of completing the routine immunization and to avert childhood morbidity and
mortality in our society.
Ministry of Health & Family WelfareGovernment of IndiaImIlonaThornburg83
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Government of India
Improving the health and well-being of women, children and adolescents
and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 will require more
effective collaboration and joined-up action across sectors, especially at
national and local levels. Some countries are already making great strides in
working together across sectors. The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn &
Child Health (PMNCH) brings together partners to support the development
of 12 country case studies to showcase such successful multistakeholder
collaborations across sectors in six priority areas: early childhood
development; adolescent health and well-being; quality, equity and dignity;
sexual and reproductive health and rights; empowerment of women, girls
and communities; and humanitarian and fragile settings. The case studies
will provide inspiration, insight and ideas, shedding light on what works
and why, and on how to address challenges.
The 12 country case studies, summarized in this document, were selected
from more than 300 responses to PMNCH’s global call for proposals.
They will be launched at the Partners’ Forum on 12-13 December 2018
in New Delhi, where they will be widely profiled and promoted to inform
advocacy and country-level action on collaboration across sectors in the era
of the Sustainable Development Goals. The case studies will be published in
a special issue of The BMJ and disseminated through traditional and digital
media channels.
Country case studies on collaboration
across sectors for women’s, children’s
and adolescents’ health
CAMBODIA
Better data ensures the poorest households are
not left behind
To help target services and assistance to the poorest and most
vulnerable households of Cambodia (an estimated 2.5 million
people), the Government developed a standardized
mechanism to identify households in need. “Identification
of Poor Households” (ID Poor), launched in 2005, is a
collaborative effort between, health, education, agriculture,
interior and social protection sector as well as NGOs and
development partners under the leadership of the Ministry
of Planning. ID Poor’s data are used by a wide range of
development programmes in Cambodia, many of which are
focused on improving maternal and child health and
development outcomes. Improvements in data are facilitating
the effective and efficient reach of services across sectors and
increasing equity for vulnerable women and children. Case
study lead: Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
(GIZ) in Cambodia.
QUALITY, EQUITY
AND DIGNITY
INDIA
On a mission to rapidly
increase immunization coverage
An unprecedented collaboration between India’s Ministry
of Health & Family Welfare and 11 other ministries aims to
increase immunization coverage among children and pregnant
women to 90% by 2020. Intensified Mission Indradhanush
(IMI), launched by the Prime Minister on 8 October 2017,
is bein ...
Achievements and Implications of HIV Prevention of Mother-toChild Transmissio...QUESTJOURNAL
Background: Mother-to-child transmission is the predominant route through which children contract HIV and can be controlled through Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programme. This paper presents programme activities on PMTCT conducted among women of reproductive age in Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This intervention was carried out among women of reproductive age in eight local government areas of Plateau state. Seven civil society organizations were engaged and provided with funding by Plateau State Agency for the Control of AIDS under the HIV/AIDS fund (HAF) II. A total of 7460 women of reproductive age are the estimated sample size for this intervention and the minimum prevention package intervention was used for this project activities. Data were documented using various monitoring and evaluation tools and DHIS2 while analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel. Results: The total number of community dialogues/advocacy held was 85 and a total of 1,437 people participated. Seventeen income generation activities were carried out in this intervention and 131 people benefitted from it. A total of 87,028 pieces of condom were distributed with majority (88.5%) being distributed in 2014. Only a total of 5606 women were counseled tested and received result and 44 (0.8%) were tested positive. A total of 3275 women were referred for antenatal care during this programme and more than half (52.0%) were referred in 2014. Conclusion: This intervention has been helpful in reducing the burden of HIV and AIDS among women of reproductive age in Plateau State. However, the coverage of minimum prevention package intervention was low. More needs to be done in terms of coverage in future programmes and the intervention should also be extended to other local government areas.
a. The program addresses MDG 6 Combat HIVAIDS, Malaria and other d.pdfaashwini4
a. The program addresses MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases.
b. Combatting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases such as tuberculosis is vital for improving
the overall health in developing countries. Rates of HIV infection can be significantly reduced
through education and behaviour change and both malaria and tuberculosis are preventable. Such
diseases contribute significantly to disease burden yet can be prevented through cost effective
methods (including education, provision of condoms).
c. By introducing the use of bed nets into the community, individuals can drastically reduce their
risk of malaria to prevent ill health.
Early detection and referrals of serious malaria cases to major hospitals ensures that those who
are infected are able to access health careto get treatment and restore their health.
Bed nets can provide individuals with peace of mind and reduce the stress and anxiety
surrounding the possibility of infection from mosquito bites.
By reducing the malaria risk posed to individuals, children are more ableto attend school in good
health to develop to their full potential and enhance their capabilities.
he program is directly increasing access to health care in disadvantaged Bangladeshi
communities to improve the health and capacities for human development.
Solution
a. The program addresses MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases.
b. Combatting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases such as tuberculosis is vital for improving
the overall health in developing countries. Rates of HIV infection can be significantly reduced
through education and behaviour change and both malaria and tuberculosis are preventable. Such
diseases contribute significantly to disease burden yet can be prevented through cost effective
methods (including education, provision of condoms).
c. By introducing the use of bed nets into the community, individuals can drastically reduce their
risk of malaria to prevent ill health.
Early detection and referrals of serious malaria cases to major hospitals ensures that those who
are infected are able to access health careto get treatment and restore their health.
Bed nets can provide individuals with peace of mind and reduce the stress and anxiety
surrounding the possibility of infection from mosquito bites.
By reducing the malaria risk posed to individuals, children are more ableto attend school in good
health to develop to their full potential and enhance their capabilities.
he program is directly increasing access to health care in disadvantaged Bangladeshi
communities to improve the health and capacities for human development..
Eastern and Southern African region remain the epicenter of HIV and AIDS
High numbers of HIV infection among the young people is a global concern
UNAIDS identified 38 priority countries and 16 are in ESA
Almost 80% of new infections among young people occur in Sub-Saharan Africa
Low levels of knowledge on HIV and AIDS among the young people SACMEQ 2010
2. Anil Kumar. M. K. & R. Shivappa1058
(viii) Develop capacity to meet emergencies and natural disasters and
(ix) Practise national integration and social harmony
(b) Health, Family Welfare and Nutrition Programme of NSS:
(i) Programme of mass immunization;
(ii) Working with people in nutrition programmes with the help of Home Science
and medical college students;
(iii)Provision of safe and clean drinking water;
(iv)Integrated child development programmes;
(v) Health education, AIDS Awareness and preliminary health care.
(vi)Population education and family welfare programme;
(vii) Life style education centres and counseling centres.
NSS volunteer undertake various activities in campus, adopted villages and slumps
for community service. Duration of these service is 120 hours ie. 20 hours for
orientation of NSS volunteers, 30 hours for campus work and 70 hours for community
service. In regular NSS programmes students undertake various activities in the
college campuses, adopted villages, cities and slums during weekends. Adoption of a
village or an area is a meaningful programme in NSS.
HIV or AIDS is a major threat for humanity in the world especially in developing
countries. Globally millions of people are suffering from this disease. Adolescents
of developing countries have partial knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Almost all
developing countries face the same dilemma.
The global HIV/AIDS situation for adolescents is deadly serious, and the need for
a stronger, focused response is urgent. Young people are particularly vulnerable to
HIV infection because of risky sexual behavior and substance use, because they lack
access to accurate and personalized HIV information and prevention services, and for a
host of other social and economic reasons. An estimated 11.8 million young people
aged 15-24 are living with HIV/AIDS. Moreover, about half of the 6,000 new
infections each day occur among young people. It is estimated that about half of all
people who have had HIV were infected when they were between the ages of 15 and
24, and nearly one third of those currently living with HIV/AIDS are between 15 and
24. If current trends continue, it is expected that the number of young people infected
with HIV/AIDS could increase to 21.5 million by 2010. UNFPA has made youth and
HIV its priorities in the context of international goals and commitments related to
adolescent sexual and reproductive health. UNFPA is particularly well positioned to
respond to the HIV epidemic among youths because of its decades of experience in:
integrating population and family-life education in schools and in non-formal
education settings; facilitating the shift towards gender-sensitive reproductive health
education; building broad-based partnerships on reproductive health; negotiating
controversial issues with government and key stakeholders from a respectful and
culturally sensitive standpoint; advocating for public commitment, policies and
legislation that support reproductive rights and gender equality; and supporting
3. Role of National Service Scheme in the Prevention of HIV/AIDS 1059
countries to improve the quality and accessibility of youth-friendly reproductive health
services.
Addressing the prevention needs of people living with HIV is a critical challenge
for the health sector. Expanding access to HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy will
increase the number of people living with HIV who can benefit from comprehensive
HIV prevention, treatment and care services in the health sector. Most people living
with HIV will remain sexually active. Health providers should respect their right to do
so and support them and their partners in preventing further HIV transmission,
including through the provision of condoms. For some, knowledge about their HIV
infection may not prompt a change in behavior to reduce further HIV transmission, and
additional support may be needed.
Effective strategies for preventing HIV/AIDS transmission—sexual, blood borne,
and mother-to-child. However, fewer than one in five people at high risk for hiv
currently have access to effective prevention.1 According to an analysis by unaids and
the World Health Organization, expanded access to proven revention strategies could
avert half of the 62 million new hiv infections projected to ccur between 2005 and
2015.2 Another analysis found that in sub-Saharan Africa alone, expanded prevention
could avert 55% of the 53 million new infections projected to occur in the region
between 2003 and 2020. There is no single solution—no “magic bullet”—to prevent
hiv. The most effective prevention programs are those that use a combination of
strategies to achieve maximum impact.4 Following are descriptions of the major
strategies that, when used in combination, are effective for preventing sexual, blood
borne, and mother-to-child hiv transmission.
Conclusion
Through the conclusion that the ‘Role of National Service Scheme in the prevention of
HIV /AIDS among Adolescents’ . which plays an very important role in present
scenario, overall it focuses on community needs, health, family welfare and Nutrition
programmes and finds the practical solution for these problems, in community itself.
Thus it develops sharing of responsibilities and group living.
References
[1] Shivanna. B. K.(2011)”Rashtreeya Seva Yojane” Prasaranga, Karnataka State
Open University, Manasagangothri, Mysore-06
[2] Khalakdina Margaret (2008) “Human Development in the India Context: A
Socio-Cultural Focus” volume-1, Sage India.
[3] Dilsha. M. B(2008) “National Service Scheme in India” Chethan Publication,
Vijapura.
[4] Google search:
4. Anil Kumar. M. K. & R. Shivappa1060
www. Googlescholar/socialwork/HIV /AIDS.co.in
www. Googlescholar/national service scheme
www. Googlescholar/role of HIV