Mobile communication technology has been undergoing an extraordinarily fast evolution in the history. Mobile business is the new business designs that not only connect people, but also connect people and business with Internet and things to drive revenue and create opportunity. In Thailand, mobile networks continue to witness exponential growth in data traffic; thereby fourth generation wireless technology has been anticipated for the consumer demand. To understand the evolutionary changes in mobile technology and services in Thailand, this research aims to describe roadmaps and trends for mobile communication technology.
A MODIFIED MODEL OF ICT DEVELOPMENT INDEX (IDI) FOR THAILAND TO ACHIEVE THE I...IAEME Publication
After the first allocation of spectrum in the 2.1 GHz band was successfully made in 2012, Thailand’s ICT technology has developed continuously, considered at the higher level compared with those of other ASEAN countries. In relation to this, the ITU has revealed the annual survey results regarding ICT-society indices or “Measuring the Information Society Report (MIS Report)” which is published annually. In this year, the ITU MIS report 2015 identified Thailand as one of a group of "most dynamic countries" that recorded above-average improvements in their IDI ranking over the past five years, supported mainly by improvement in mobile broadband penetration. The objective of this paper is to propose a modified model of ICT Development Index (IDI) to bring Thailand to be the ICT leader in ASEAN. This paper also presents a policy and strategic plan to foster Thailand’s ICT sector to move forward to higher level of ICT Development Index in achieving the first rank of IDI level in ASEAN within 2020.
Indian Telecom Sector- Analysis of industry, Key Player, Future Prospects, Valuations of major players & relative benchmarking, SWOT analysis, Porter's Five Forces (5 Forces).
A MODIFIED MODEL OF ICT DEVELOPMENT INDEX (IDI) FOR THAILAND TO ACHIEVE THE I...IAEME Publication
After the first allocation of spectrum in the 2.1 GHz band was successfully made in 2012, Thailand’s ICT technology has developed continuously, considered at the higher level compared with those of other ASEAN countries. In relation to this, the ITU has revealed the annual survey results regarding ICT-society indices or “Measuring the Information Society Report (MIS Report)” which is published annually. In this year, the ITU MIS report 2015 identified Thailand as one of a group of "most dynamic countries" that recorded above-average improvements in their IDI ranking over the past five years, supported mainly by improvement in mobile broadband penetration. The objective of this paper is to propose a modified model of ICT Development Index (IDI) to bring Thailand to be the ICT leader in ASEAN. This paper also presents a policy and strategic plan to foster Thailand’s ICT sector to move forward to higher level of ICT Development Index in achieving the first rank of IDI level in ASEAN within 2020.
Indian Telecom Sector- Analysis of industry, Key Player, Future Prospects, Valuations of major players & relative benchmarking, SWOT analysis, Porter's Five Forces (5 Forces).
Mobile broadband services are undergoing a period of dramatic growth causing a tremendous increase in data traffic. This rising tide of traffic is being driven by the growing number of mobile subscribers, particularly smartphone users, who are connecting to faster networks and consuming bandwidth-hungry video content.
Six in ten people in Asia Pacific subscribed
to mobile services in 2015
At the end of 2015, 62% of the population in Asia
Pacific (2.5 billion individuals) subscribed to mobile
services. The region’s four dominant markets
– China, India, Indonesia and Japan – together
accounted for more than three-quarters of the
region’s total subscriber base. Growth rates in the
region are set to remain above the global average,
with Asia Pacific adding more than 600 million new
subscribers by 2020. The focus of growth will shift
to South and South-East Asia; India alone is set to
add just under 250 million new subscribers by the
end of the decade.
Digital technology is evolving rapidly, leading to the
emergence of new services and applications that
are transforming the way people live, work, play and
communicate. Beyond basic web browsing, which
revolutionised the way people accessed and shared
information in the 1990s, the emerging digital
era is based on the interconnection of multiple
devices over intelligent networks, enabling users to
seamlessly interact with a variety of interoperable
services. The large-scale societal adoption and
utilisation of digital technologies is a key driver
of measurable economic, social and cultural
value, including increased productivity, a rise in
employment rates, improved security, and greater
capacity to tackle social and environmental issues.
Vodafone value enabled services to business customers. Paul Palathingal
The study is oriented towards understanding the various services available to business customers, to understand satisfaction level of the customers, to look in to the scope of profitability in B2B segment and the study focuses on the value enabled services which have been offered by the company to Vodafone business customers.
This paper examines the advantages of WiMAX among other wireless technology choices available today to espouse the mass proliferation of broadband throughout India and to meet BWA policy objectives. No other comparable technology to WiMAX is ready today to address problems encompassing broadband diffusion in the country, given its existing infrastructure as well as the needs of the masses.
I am not putting any restrictions on this PPT. But, it will be very great, if you acknowledge my work. It will cost nothing. And, of course you can appreciate my work :) .Surprisingly, it also costs NOTHING. Happy to help you :)
I tried to acknowledge everything ,(not usually cut,copy and paste and then forgetting..) that helped me to make this ppt. May be why I ended up with a job in a research co. because of this.
Mobile broadband services are undergoing a period of dramatic growth causing a tremendous increase in data traffic. This rising tide of traffic is being driven by the growing number of mobile subscribers, particularly smartphone users, who are connecting to faster networks and consuming bandwidth-hungry video content.
Six in ten people in Asia Pacific subscribed
to mobile services in 2015
At the end of 2015, 62% of the population in Asia
Pacific (2.5 billion individuals) subscribed to mobile
services. The region’s four dominant markets
– China, India, Indonesia and Japan – together
accounted for more than three-quarters of the
region’s total subscriber base. Growth rates in the
region are set to remain above the global average,
with Asia Pacific adding more than 600 million new
subscribers by 2020. The focus of growth will shift
to South and South-East Asia; India alone is set to
add just under 250 million new subscribers by the
end of the decade.
Digital technology is evolving rapidly, leading to the
emergence of new services and applications that
are transforming the way people live, work, play and
communicate. Beyond basic web browsing, which
revolutionised the way people accessed and shared
information in the 1990s, the emerging digital
era is based on the interconnection of multiple
devices over intelligent networks, enabling users to
seamlessly interact with a variety of interoperable
services. The large-scale societal adoption and
utilisation of digital technologies is a key driver
of measurable economic, social and cultural
value, including increased productivity, a rise in
employment rates, improved security, and greater
capacity to tackle social and environmental issues.
Vodafone value enabled services to business customers. Paul Palathingal
The study is oriented towards understanding the various services available to business customers, to understand satisfaction level of the customers, to look in to the scope of profitability in B2B segment and the study focuses on the value enabled services which have been offered by the company to Vodafone business customers.
This paper examines the advantages of WiMAX among other wireless technology choices available today to espouse the mass proliferation of broadband throughout India and to meet BWA policy objectives. No other comparable technology to WiMAX is ready today to address problems encompassing broadband diffusion in the country, given its existing infrastructure as well as the needs of the masses.
I am not putting any restrictions on this PPT. But, it will be very great, if you acknowledge my work. It will cost nothing. And, of course you can appreciate my work :) .Surprisingly, it also costs NOTHING. Happy to help you :)
I tried to acknowledge everything ,(not usually cut,copy and paste and then forgetting..) that helped me to make this ppt. May be why I ended up with a job in a research co. because of this.
Scienziati napoletani scoprono nuovi antibioticimimmoannunziata
S A R A N N O R I C AVAT I D A O R G A N I S M I M A R I N I . R I C E R C AT O R I D E L L A S TA Z I O N E " D O H R N " I N U N P O O L I N T E R N A Z I O N A L E
Scienziati napoletani scoprono nuovi antibiotici
The benefit of technology neutral spectrum licences 25 sep 2020Coleago Consulting
In many countries - particularly those which rely on wireless broadband - the process of introducing new technology in existing frequency bands is delayed or held up because spectrum is not licenced on a technology neutral basis. The article explains the benefits of technology neutral spectrum licences.
Business Models for the Next Generation of Mobile Communications ijmnct
The Next Generation of mobile network 5G, which will be based on a high-speed wireless broadband
connection, could bring important changes to the way individuals and businesses employ
telecommunications services and solve the issues related to the explosive growth in demand for mobile
traffic, and the profitability decreasing of the mobile Broadband market. Therefore, the OMNs (Operator
Mobile Networks) should plan for deploying 5G mobile network beyond 2020, which is the expected year
for launching 5G. A business analysis study and mathematic modelling approach was considered. Also, a
new pricing model is proposed to be consistent with the growth of mobile broadband. The results show that
5G is very beneficial, not only because of its lower cost compared with 4G LTE, but also due to the
increment of average data consumptions offered by 5G mobile technologies and the increasing growth of
number of users. We also found that good analysis of Price Elasticity of Volume (PED) gives an important
margin of benefit. We confirm that the reuse of existing sites have a large impact on reducing costs when a
denser macro network deployed. However, we encountered a lack of the limited capacity related to the
macro sites and coverage limited with small cell solutions like femtocells, picocells deployed with 5G
millimeter Wave system and Wi-Fi.
Business models for the next generation of mobile communicationsijmnct
The Next Generation of mobile network 5G, which will be based on a high-speed wireless broadband connection, could bring important changes to the way individuals and businesses employ telecommunications services and solve the issues related to the explosive growth in demand for mobile
traffic, and the profitability decreasing of the mobile Broadband market. Therefore, the OMNs (Operator Mobile Networks) should plan for deploying 5G mobile network beyond 2020, which is the expected year for launching 5G. A business analysis study and mathematic modelling approach was considered. Also, a new pricing model is proposed to be consistent with the growth of mobile broadband. The results show that 5G is very beneficial, not only because of its lower cost compared with 4G LTE, but also due to the
increment of average data consumptions offered by 5G mobile technologies and the increasing growth of number of users. We also found that good analysis of Price Elasticity of Volume (PED) gives an important margin of benefit. We confirm that the reuse of existing sites have a large impact on reducing costs when a denser macro network deployed. However, we encountered a lack of the limited capacity related to the
macro sites and coverage limited with small cell solutions like femtocells, picocells deployed with 5G millimeter Wave system and Wi-Fi.
BUSINESS MODELS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSijmnct
The Next Generation of mobile network 5G, which will be based on a high-speed wireless broadband connection, could bring important changes to the way individuals and businesses employ
telecommunications services and solve the issues related to the explosive growth in demand for mobile traffic, and the profitability decreasing of the mobile Broadband market. Therefore, the OMNs (Operator Mobile Networks) should plan for deploying 5G mobile network beyond 2020, which is the expected year for launching 5G. A business analysis study and mathematic modelling approach was considered. Also, a
new pricing model is proposed to be consistent with the growth of mobile broadband. The results show that 5G is very beneficial, not only because of its lower cost compared with 4G LTE, but also due to the increment of average data consumptions offered by 5G mobile technologies and the increasing growth of
number of users. We also found that good analysis of Price Elasticity of Volume (PED) gives an important margin of benefit. We confirm that the reuse of existing sites have a large impact on reducing costs when a
denser macro network deployed. However, we encountered a lack of the limited capacity related to the macro sites and coverage limited with small cell solutions like femtocells, picocells deployed with 5G millimeter Wave system and Wi-Fi.
•
Malaysia has made significant progress in basic connectivity, but there is an opportunity to expand access to and use of higher quality broadband.
•
Ubiquitous, high quality, affordable broadband will increasingly be a critical foundation of the digital economy. Better connected economies will do better.
•
Malaysia’s ambitions for the digital economy will only be realized, and its investments (DFTZ, Industry 4.0 etc.) pay off, if fixed broadband services become more affordable and their quality is improved.
•
Malaysia can consider a new strategy, with more ambitious targets, to promote competitive markets, accelerate infrastructure deployments, and attract private capitalto increase broadband network roll out and use.
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF 5G: THE NEXT GENERATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONijngnjournal
The 5G standard is a mobile communication of the 5th generation, which presupposes an increase of the information exchange speed up to 10 Gbit/s. It is 30 times quicker than the speed of 4G network. It is a new stage in the development of technologies connecting society. This standard will provide an unlimited access to the network for individual users and devices. When developing the 5G standard, the advanced opportunities of LTE and HSPA, as well as other technologies of a radio access focused on the solution of specific objectives are considered. The main advantage of the mass introduction of the 5G communication development represents the so-called Internet of Things (IoT). There the devices and not people will be the main consumers of traffic. The functional requirements of5G networks, their speed, and its traffic parameters for HD video services and massifs of M2M-devices are analyzed in the paper. They will have been the most demandedones by 2020.
Performance Prediction of 5G : The Next Generation of Mobile Communicationjosephjonse
The 5G standard is a mobile communication of the 5th generation, which presupposes an increase of the information exchange speed up to 10 Gbit/s. It is 30 times quicker than the speed of 4G network. It is a new stage in the development of technologies connecting society. This standard will provide an unlimited access to the network for individual users and devices. When developing the 5G standard, the advanced opportunities of LTE and HSPA, as well as other technologies of a radio access focused on the solution of specific objectives are considered. The main advantage of the mass introduction of the 5G communication development represents the so-called Internet of Things (IoT). There the devices and not people will be the main consumers of traffic. The functional requirements of5G networks, their speed, and its traffic parameters for HD video services and massifs of M2M-devices are analyzed in the paper. They will have been the most demanded ones by 2020.
Performance Prediction of 5G : The Next Generation of Mobile Communication ijngnjournal
The 5G standard is a mobile communication of the 5th generation, which presupposes an increase of the
information exchange speed up to 10 Gbit/s. It is 30 times quicker than the speed of 4G network. It is a new
stage in the development of technologies connecting society. This standard will provide an unlimited access
to the network for individual users and devices. When developing the 5G standard, the advanced
opportunities of LTE and HSPA, as well as other technologies of a radio access focused on the solution of
specific objectives are considered. The main advantage of the mass introduction of the 5G communication
development represents the so-called Internet of Things (IoT). There the devices and not people will be the
main consumers of traffic. The functional requirements of5G networks, their speed, and its traffic
parameters for HD video services and massifs of M2M-devices are analyzed in the paper. They will have
been the most demandedones by 2020.
On the surface, Thailand presents one of the most appealing MVNO opportunities in APAC. Solid ARPU, low MVNO market presence, 149 percent mobile penetration, and consumers with twice the thirst for data, than the Europeans
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. Analysis of Roadmaps and Trends for Mobile Communication Technology In Thailand
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 69 editor@iaeme.com
reducing installation time, costs, CAPEX of installation as well as increase network
efficiency in terms of overall service provision. Besides, those network devices are of
a compact size appropriate for enabling faster transportation and installation
compared with the telecommunications technologies in the first period of the digital
age.
The mobile operators’ concept of mobile network investments during the past 10
years has affected the strategies for investment and management to be changed
significantly, both in terms of networking techniques and income management
(through marketing approaches). This includes the transformation from the investment
strategy which was based on a macro-only network or a homogeneous network to
hybrid network solutions. The latter is also known as a heterogeneous network
(HetNet) comprising the same old macro cells plus small cells and Wi-Fi networks to
increase the efficiency of services and to complement one another, both in the aspects
of network coverage and bandwidth adequacy to ensure service continuity.
Nowadays, the telecommunications market strategy adopted by several countries
focuses on the use of Wi-Fi networks to complement the core network so as to reduce
the demands for data consumption and network congestion in some service locations.
A well-known example of such service in Thailand is the provision of mobile Internet
services along as Wi-Fi hotspot networks, also known as 3G/ Wi-Fi Offloading [1].
In Thailand, the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission
(NBTC) granted 900 MHz and 1800 MHz spectrum licenses for the 4G LTE
technology by way of spectrum auction in the end of the year 2015. The licensing of
both spectrum bands can be considered as the first transition of the
telecommunications industry from concessions to licensing regime in Thailand. In
granting the spectrum licenses for telecommunications service by auctioning, the
NBTC strives to achieve the regulatory balance composing of the most efficiency of
spectrum assignment, free and fair competition, and state benefits, in order to bring
about the greatest benefits to the people and the country. While the technology
transition after the auctioning will directly benefit the telecommunication and ICT
businesses, it will also provide further positive impact on the economy on top of the
spectrum fee revenue from the auctions [2].
2. DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE SERVICES IN THAILAND
LTE, a wireless connection that allows faster speeds of data download, is seen as key
growth driver for Thai mobile operators. After winning a license for 4G spectrum in
an auction in November 2015, AIS, first-ranked mobile operator, spent 14.5 billion
baht on installing 7,000 base stations within two months as it accelerates network
rollout to compete with competitors. The company aims to expand 4G coverage to 72
provinces by May 2016. AIS has 38 million subscribers, of which more than 20
million surfed Internet via mobiles.
Third-ranked mobile operator True Move is spending 56 billion baht this year to
launch the country's first LTE Advanced network or 4.5G to cover 97% of the
population. True Move's network will offer dual-band coverage nationwide on the
900 MHz and 1800 MHz spectrum. The company plans to install 13,500 LTE
Advanced base stations on the 900MHz network to provide high-speed wireless
broadband service in provinces and rural areas. Another 3,000 to 4,000 base stations
on the 1800MHz network will be added to provide service in Bangkok and major
provinces. True Move holds a combined 55MHz of bandwidth on various spectra
consisting of 15MHz on the 2100MHz spectrum, 15MHz on the 850MHz spectrum,
3. Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 70 editor@iaeme.com
15MHz of 1800MHz and 10MHz of the 900MHz spectrum. the commercialization of
LTE Advanced, True Move expects to add other diverse mobile value-added services.
The company wants to double its 4G subscribers to 4 million this year.
The National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC)
projects the number of mobile subscribers will exceed 170 million in 2016, up from
100 million this year (2015). Mobile phone penetration in Thailand will grow 3-4
times by 2020, driven by the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technology that will
be deployed in various sectors, especially education, telemedicine, logistics and
security [3].
Mobile operators need more bandwidth to serve growing bandwidth-intensive
services, fuelled by the proliferation of smartphones and faster speed of wireless
broadband networks. Having a variety of mobile spectrum bands (lower and higher
1GHz bands) will enable them to greatly manage frequencies and data traffic flows
covering all requirements [4], [5].
Spectrum auctions and technology transitions to 4G will increase industry
innovation and competitiveness and will directly and indirectly benefit Thailand’s
economy in the long term. The improved data rate and enhanced bandwidth on a 4G
network are expected to add more subscriber experience and contribute to higher data
traffic via rich communication services and more data intensive applications.
The technology transition from 3G to 4G and technology utilization in other
related businesses will require large scale network investment that will benefit
installation service providers and suppliers. Very aggressive spending on 4G roll-out
networks would boost private investment and support the government’s vision for a
digital economy. The country’s benefits come in the form of revenues from the
spectrum auction and business operation taxes, as well as the socio- economic
benefits and the development brought about by the spectrum utilization [6]. The
supportive policy environment could increase fixed and mobile broadband penetration
from 52% in 2013 to 133% in 2020, leading to a cumulative GDP increase of USD23
billion (THB730 billion) [7].
3. ROADMAPS FOR MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
When considering the trends in markets and data communication networks in the
telecommunications industry, we should place importance on all servicing mobile
communication technologies during extensive periods, from the past up to the present,
along as the technologies to be applied in the near future. Nowadays, all mobile
operators in several ASEAN countries have transformed themselves into the 4th
generation service providers characterized by the 4G Long Term Evolution
Technology (4G LTE) with different frequency bands in use. The speed provided for
mobile communication services in this region during the 4th generation (4G LTE) will
have been completely close to 100 Mbps (based on 12.5-20 MHz bands) by the end of
2018, whereas the trend in services provided through WiMax and WiBro technologies
in this regional market is still indiscernible. Fig. 1 shows the generations of mobile
telecommunications technology.
4. Analysis of Roadmaps and Trends for Mobile Communication Technology In Thailand
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Figure 1 Generations of Mobile Telecommunications Technology
For the estimation of demand for spectrum, apart from data collection and
comparison study from foreign country, the result from the discussion with the mobile
service providers is also being taken into consideration to the roadmap as it
demonstrates the increasing trend of demand for spectrum which is in line with global
direction. Therefore the result from the discussion is not the only source used to
establish this roadmap [8].
In Thailand, roadmap establishment framework can be classified into 3 steps.
From the Figure 2, each step is detailed as follows:
Figure 2 Step of development for Roadmap for Spectrum Management [8]
3.1. Step of roadmap development
This roadmap is developed by the subcommittee of the Roadmap for
Telecommunications Spectrum Licensing, appointed by the NBTC. In the process of
setting up the roadmap, the subcommittee will consider various factors by classifying
them into 2 groups. These are factors relating to the supply of spectrum and demand
for spectrum.
A) The group of supply of spectrum consists of various frameworks which relate
with allocated spectrums that can be assigned for Telecommunications services;
3GPP
(Asynchronous)
3GPP
(Synchronous)
GSM WCDMA HSDPA HSPA+ LTE LTE Advanced
IEEE
IS95 1x
cdma2000
EVDO Rev.A Rev.B
HSUPA
UMB
Wibro
Wave I
Wibro
Wave II
802.16m
IMT Advanced
(4G)IMT 2000(3G)
DL 9.6 kbps
UL 9.6 kbps
DL 284 kbps
UL 64 kbps
DL 14 Mbps
UL 64 kbps
DL 14 Mbps
UL 5 Mbps
DL 42 Mbps
UL 11 Mbps
DL 300 Mbps
UL 150 Mbps
DL 1 Gbps
UL 500 Mbps
DL 14.4 kbps
UL 14.4 kbps
DL 153.6 kbps
UL 153.6 kbps
DL 2.4 Mbps
UL 153 kbps
DL 3.2 Mbps
UL 1.8 Mbps
DL 14.7 Mbps
UL 5.4 Mbps
DL 300 Mbps
UL 150 Mbps
DL 15 Mbps
UL 4 Mbps
DL 34 Mbps
UL 8 Mbps
DL 600 Mbps
UL 270 Mbps
MobileBroadband
Roadmap Consideration factors Opinion and Hearing Process Present to National
Telecommunications Commission
International Direction and Guideline
Frequency and Spectrum
Characteristics
Laws and Regulations
Telecommunication Spectrum
Management Master Plan
Current Spectrum Assignment
Supply of
Spectrum
Demand of
Spectrum
Technology Development
Trend of Mobileservices usage
Estimationof demand for spectrum
Demand for spectrum in other
business sectors
Roadmap for
Telecommunication
Spectrum
Management
Other Relevant
Organization
Consideration and
reviewissues
Propose to National
Telecommunications
commission
5. Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi
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Framework of Spectrum Assignment Consideration. The frameworks are described as
followings;
(A1) Policy of spectrum management according to International guideline
(A2) Present spectrum characteristics and technology
(A3) Thai law and relating regulations
(A4) Telecommunication spectrum management master plan
(A5) Assignment of spectrum for telecommunications service
B) The group of demand for spectrum consists of various factors, driving the
demand; Driving Factors to the Spectrum Utilization. The considered factors are as
followings;
(B1) Development of technology
(B2) Trend of Mobile service usage, number of subscribers and the growth of
mobile data traffic
(B3) Estimation of demand for spectrum
(B4) Demand for spectrum in other business sectors
Information from both Supply of spectrum and Demand for spectrum will be
considered in outlining of the roadmap of Telecommunications Spectrum in various
bands. The roadmap demonstrates the possible use of the bands with present usage
and possibility to use, as well as, demonstrates the recommendation and management
process of various spectrum bands.
3.2. Step of focus group workshop
Prepared by the Subcommittee, the Roadmap of Telecommunications Spectrum
Management for Thailand has passed the step of discussion, exchanging view with
relating focus groups in a workshop under the topic of “the Roadmap of
Telecommunications Spectrum Management for Thailand”. There are participants
from many organizations; which are:
Government service organization
Mobile service providers, manufacturer, and application developer
Educational sector and relating various professional sectors
Public sector and organization
The suggestion from the focus group workshop will be used for the roadmap
adjustment in order to ensure all aspects are considered and completed before propose
to Telecommunication Committee for its consideration.
3.2. Step of Telecommunication Committee Consideration
This proposal will be submitted to the Telecommunications Committee for
consideration and approval. If the proposal is accepted by the committee, the
subcommittee will conduct the public hearing in the next step.
4. ROADMAP FOR THE USE OF SPECTRUM FOR
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE IN THAILAND FOR 5
YEARS
When considering the existing status and assignment of spectrum and its demand, it
shows that the utilization of spectrum currently in use probably needs to be
6. Analysis of Roadmaps and Trends for Mobile Communication Technology In Thailand
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reconsidered to increase its efficiency and serve such demand more appropriately.
Therefore, this paper has studied, analyzed demand for utilization of spectrum, and
assigned spectrum to ensure that spectrum management activity will be conducted
appropriately with right technology development and in accordance with demand for
spectrum bands. The paper has considered principles and roadmaps for spectrum
assignment as follows:
Bandwidth Sufficiency: In order to serve growth of Internet users on wireless
communication networks, continuous rise in using applications and new services.
Coverage and Capacity: Licensing to deploy proper spectrum bands for both coverage
band and capacity band will help maximize potential of the use of radio spectrum and
fit to demand of the market.
International Harmonization: To consider licensing any radio spectrum for use,
international harmonization has to be taken into account. Harmonized actions make
communication devices compatible with others internationally. This will also help
reduce the price of wireless communication devices.
Timeliness: Presently use of internet through wireless communication networks – on
mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, and portable PCs – is growing dramatically.
Therefore, timely licensing for the use of radio spectrum in line with the market
development will help licensees able to prepare their readiness – in terms of getting
source of fund for investment, business operations, and responding to the demand for
internet and other services in timely and appropriate manner.
Frequency bands that need to be considered, and improved their utilization to
serve the high-speed wireless broadband service are categorized into four frequency
bands as the followings [9]:
1. Frequency Band in 1800 MHz
a. Consideration from the frequency allocation by ITU
ITU has set the frequency band 1710-1885 MHz for International Mobile
Telecommunications (IMT) following the agreement 223 (Rev.WRC-07). This
allocation does not prohibit other services from using the abovementioned frequency
band. In addition, it does not indicate any prioritization of the spectrum in the Radio
Regulation (WRC-07).
b. Current Situation
The spectrum master plan has already set the bands 1710-1785 MHz and 1805-1880
MHz for Telecommunication service and assigned for Mobile service. The concession
contracts of some service providers have already expired. Some of them are going to
expire. Therefore, preparation for the auction of new assignment of the spectrum has
to be done.
c. Proposal for Improvement
None. Maintain the same utilization of the spectrum as it is.
Figure 3 1800 MHz allocation by ITU and current situation in Thailand [8]
IMTITU
Current
Situation
1710 1885
1710 1722.6 1747.9 1760.5 1785 1805 1817.6 1842.9 1855.5 1880
DTAC CAT DTAC CATTrue
Move
DPC True
Move
DPC
7. Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi
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2. Frequency Band in 700 MHz
a. Consideration from the frequency allocation by ITU and APT
According to the meeting WRC 12, there was a proposal to use the frequency band
694-790 MHz for IMT. It shall be effective from 2015. Asia Pacific Telecom (APT)
has proposed a plan to use the frequency band 700 MHz, in accordance with the
report APT/AWF/REP-14 regarding frequency plan of the band 698-806 MHz
(Harmonized Frequency Arrangements for the Band 698-806 MHz), recommending
the member countries to use the band 700 MHz for IMT, making many countries in
the Asia and Pacific regions plan to use 700 MHz.
b. Current Situation
The spectrum master plan sets the band 510-790 MHz for the radio broadcasting and
the terrestrial TV services. The NBTC has announced the change of the terrestrial TV
from analog system to digital system, resulting in higher number of business service
content channels increased from 6 to 24 channels. The auction for those program
channels was conducted on 26-28 December 2013. Those channels are estimated to be
on air from mid of 2014 onwards.
c. Main Factors Effecting the Utilization
The frequency band 700 MHz -- lower than 1000 MHz – can propagate in a wide area
of coverage. It is most likely interested by operators – both the existing ones and new
comers – because it needs lower investment on network construction. As a matter of
fact, allocation of frequency band in Thailand differs from that in other countries.
Although, the television system in Thailand is going to change from terrestrial to
digital, there may not be any spectrum left unused, so-called “Digital Dividend”, and
can be used for IMT service.
The frequency band 700 MHz has been pushed by our neighboring countries –
Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam, and Brunei -- as well as by the
international forums, e.g. ITU, APT, or ASEAN, and etc., for high-speed wireless
broadband service. This makes the utilization of spectrum in Thailand not be in line
with that in the Asia & Pacific countries and in the international level. In the long run,
it may cause interference problems along the border in case our neighboring countries
use such a frequency band for IMT service.
d. Proposal for Improvement
Propose to shift up the frequency band for the broadcasting service, set the frequency
470-694 MHz for the television service and the frequency 698-806 for the mobile
service in order to be in line with most of the countries in the Asia and Pacific region
and solve the problems of interference along the border of Thailand and its
neighborhood.
8. Analysis of Roadmaps and Trends for Mobile Communication Technology In Thailand
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Figure 4 Guideline for the use of 700 MHz Spectrum and current situation in Thailand [8]
3. Frequency Band in 2500-2690 MHz
a. Consideration from the frequency allocation by ITU
ITU has set the frequency band 2500-2690 MHz for International Mobile
Telecommunications (IMT) according to the agreement 223 (Rev.WRC-07). This
allocation does not prohibit other services from using the abovementioned frequency
band. In addition, it does not indicate any prioritization of the spectrum in the Radio
Regulation (WRC-07).
b. Current Situation
The current NBTC’s spectrum master plan has set the band 2500-2690 MHz for the
telecommunication service. In the past, it was assigned to the government agencies,
especially the Government Public Relations Department and MCOT Public Company
Limited (previously known as Mass Communication Organization of Thailand).
Considering technology development together with number of assigned frequency,
their use has not been quite efficient. Additionally, it does not get along with the
growing demand for spectrum.
c. Main Factors Effecting the Utilization
The important characteristic of this frequency band is its ability to propagate well
through physical obstructions. It is fit to the use in a highly populated area of users
and geographically not in a big area. Presently, there are many devices operating in
this band, many countries therefore assign this frequency band to enhance efficiency
the high-speed wireless broadband service.
d. Proposal for Improvement
Propose to assign the band 2500-2690 MHz for the IMT service.
IMT
IMT
Broadcasting
Broadcasting Mobile
ITU
APT
CurrentSituation
ImprovementProposal
698 790
698 806
510 790
698 790470 694
9. Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 76 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 5 Guideline for the use of 2500-2690 MHz Spectrum and current situation in Thailand
[8]
4. Exempted Spectrum (Unlicensed)
In order to serve huge amount of data of mobile phone networks in a highly populated
area of users, it is necessary to use other technologies to support such a density of
traffic – WiFi 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, and perhaps the concept of Whitespace.
In Thailand, it is allowed to use the frequency band 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
(exempted and unlicensed), according to the National Telecommunications
Commission’s announcement with the subject of the unlicensed radiocommunication
device and radiocommunication station and the announcement with the subject of the
use of radio frequency for short range devices at 5 GHz. Such unlicensed limits the
transmitting power as details below:
Table 1 Unlicensed limits the transmitting power
Frequency Spectrum
Transmitting Power (e.i.r.p.)
(Equivalent Isotropically Radiated
Power)
2400 – 2500 MHz 0.1 Watt
5150 – 5350 MHz 0.2 Watt
5470 – 5725 MHz 1.0 Watt
5725 – 5850 MHz 1.0 Watt
For the concept of Whitespace, it is to use any unused frequency channel,
assigned for the television service to transfer huge amount of data of the mobile
service. This concept has just been deployed in USA. In many countries, it is being
study.
In this regard, it is agreed that there should be a study if it is appropriate to use the
concept of Whitespace in Thailand.
IMT
2500 2690
ITU
CurrentSituation
ImprovementProposal IMT
2500 2690
Military1
Military1
Chevron3
Chevron3
MCOT
Provincial
Military1
RTSC2
Military1
RTSC2
Chevron3
Chevron3
PublicRelation Dept.
26 MHz/ 3MMDS
Channels
MCOY-BMA 72MHz/ 9 MMDS Channels MCOY-BMA and Provincial(Nonthaburi)
72MHz/ 9 MMDS Channels
2504 2528 2536 2616 26882608Only forBMA
andvicinity
Note:
1 Militaryutilizesthefrequency in 4routes in Lopburi and saraburi
2 Royal Thai Supreme Command(RTSC) utilizesin2 routes in Sakonnakorn and Prachuabkirikhan, for securitypurpose
3 Chevron (Thailand) is licensedper year for the utilizationinthe Gulf of Thailand
10. Analysis of Roadmaps and Trends for Mobile Communication Technology In Thailand
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5. FUTURE TRENDS IN MOBILE MARKET
As the capacity for mobile communication technologies has been improved and
brought about new solutions to the market, the technology vendors and producers who
have been telecommunications industry leaders tend to develop and transform
themselves into HetNet solution adopters so as to fill up coverage gaps and perfectly
capture the industry’s market share from the midstream to downstream. In the near
future, we will see the HetNet network growing in all regions of the world. According
to the Markets and Markets’ research report, it is pointed out that the compound
annual growth rate of HetNets markets (CAGR%) over a period of 6 years, from
2012-2018, stands at 62 percent with the market value worth 16 billion USD by 2018.
Such growth is strong and considered a clear trend for operators to make investments
in HetNet solutions as well [10].
When classifying market values and growth rates of small cells into various
categories, it is also found that the growth rate in each category is rather tremendously
high. That is, the compound annual growth rates (CAGR%) of Femtocells, Picocells,
and Microcells over a period of 6 years, from 2012-2018, stand at 86.29, 88.67, and
66.44 percent, respectively and the total market value of these 3 categories is worth
not less than 10,300 million USD by 2018.
Besides, when taking the possibly arising marketing opportunities into
consideration, the installation and allocation of small cells also provide mobile
operators with more opportunities in the future as follows:
Give rise to a new business model under the name of “Small Cells as a Service
(SCaaS)”. This particular model will allow a new group of service providers to freely
install and allocate small cells in the market and directly present management and
connection solutions to mobile operators. This will lower mobile operators’ risks in
terms of costs, long-term network management, home backhaul connections, etc.
Give rise to the opportunity for increasing the added value of services or marketing
opportunities, especially in a specific area where small cells are installed. This is due
to the fact that such convenient installation can increase or decrease the number of
devices used and enable more flexible management compared to macro cells
deployment.
Save costs and consume less power because mobile operators may choose to make
investments to install small cells only in specific areas with high population densities
or the area with limitations to geography and city distribution. Here, some small cells
(femto-/pico-) can be removed to be temporary installed for other specific purposes
compared with the investment made in macro cells: the large-size nodes which
require more installation areas, have more power consumption rates and limited
flexibility in increase and reduction of bandwidth and service channels. In Thailand,
particularly, when a large base station tower is constructed, there might be some
analytical issues concerning environmental impact assessment or EIA and social
attitudes in specific areas affecting investment duration and investment budget
(another advantage of small cells is that some of them have very low transmitting
power ranged from 10mW to 1W, but are still able to provide services within the
radius of 100-300 meters).
Lessen burdens and increase efficiency in data offloading management because small
cells and Wi-Fi can be integrated into small solutions for being installed in areas with
high data utilization demands.
11. Settapong Malisuwan and Wassana Kaewphanuekrungsi
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The Trend of Data Communication Network Technology
The widespread establishment of hybrid network solutions or HetNets will become
the standard pattern for investment and installation.
There will be rising growth and investment demands for small cells in every category
(Micro cells, Pinocells, and Femtocells, etc.) in the area with specific features and
highrates of bandwidth consumption.
The widespread installation of Wi-Fi access points (both in the form of HotSpot 2.0
and I-WLAN) and the integrated installation (in the level of carrier) will inevitably
become basic services in the future.
The Trend of Roadmaps for Generations of Mobile Telecommunications Technology
eNodeB/ LTE in the form of Macro cells and Micro cells
4G LTE services will be operated in various frequencies such as 1800 MHz and 2600
MHz, in the FDD mode which provides a larger capacity than the 700 MHz
frequency band and WCDMA-HSPA.
6. CONCLUSION
The technology development, user behavior and the changing of business landscape
has set an expectation to an increase demand for spectrum of high speed wireless
broadband service. With the reason, International organizations and international
guidelines has set to manage spectrum to ensure it sufficient to future demand by
identified frequency spectrums for 4G service. For Thailand, mobile subscription
penetration has surpassed 100% and the smartphone and tablets usage are
continuously growing. This would lead to the concern of amount of spectrum may not
be sufficient to the demand under the expected quality. With the reason, the Roadmap
for Telecommunications Spectrum Management in Thailand is fundamentally needed
in order to meet the demand in the future. At the same time, the roadmap set off the
policy clarity to the service providers and investors. It supports them as supporting
information in their long term business plan. In this paper, frequency bands that need
to be considered, and improved their utilization to serve the high-speed wireless
broadband service are categorized into four frequency bands; 1800 MHz, 700 MHz,
2600 MHz, and unlicensed band. Recent development of mobile services in Thailand
is also explained.
REFERENCES
[1] Aruba Network, “Carrier-Class public Wi-Fi For 3G/4G offload”,
Solution brief, 2012: http://www.arubanetworks.com/pdf/solutions
/SB_ Offload.pdf
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Telecommunications Industry From Concessions To Licensing Regime In
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[4] Understanding 5G: Perspectives on future technological advancements in
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[5] The full spectrum of possibilities: Meeting future demand for commercial
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12. Analysis of Roadmaps and Trends for Mobile Communication Technology In Thailand
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 79 editor@iaeme.com
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