Labeo calbasu is an important food fish and commonly known as the "calbasu" or "Black Rohu". The present study was conducted on DNA extraction and determination of DNA quantity of both male and female of wild and cultured Labeo calbasu using Nanophotometer. DNA isolation was done and gel electrophoresis was carried out. Extracted DNA was analyzed using nanophotometer Nanophotometer P330 Implen, Germany to determine the concentration of DNA and its purity level. Several different methods have been employed in the quantification of nuclear DNA over the past 50 years. The ease of use of this technique not only makes it a feasible option for small volume analysis of DNA but also a practical alternative for spectrophotometric measurement. Significant progress was made to measure micro volume liquid samples 1µl in biotechnology and pharmaceutical applications. For the present study both male and female of wild Labeo calbasu from middle Ganga Region and cultured Labeo calbasu from culture ponds and hatchery were taken. The value of DNA concentration in female of wild Labeo calbasu was in between 58 -62 ng µl and of male was in between range of 64- 68 ng µl. The value of DNA concentration in female of cultured Labeo calbasu was 60- 66 ng µl and of male 68- 74 ng µl. Nisha Rana | Seema Jain "Analysis of DNA Content of Wild and Cultured Labeo Calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) Using Nanophotometer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19105.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/19105/analysis-of-dna-content-of-wild-and-cultured-labeo-calbasu-hamilton-1822-using-nanophotometer/nisha-rana
Identification of fish species using dna barcode from visakhapatnam, east coa...RUSHINADHA KAKARA
This document describes a study that generated DNA barcodes for fish species found at a fishing harbor in Visakhapatnam, India. DNA was extracted from tissue samples of 50 fish individuals representing different species. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region of the mitochondrial DNA was amplified and sequenced. The resulting DNA barcodes were analyzed using bioinformatics tools including BLAST searches and multiple sequence alignments. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine relationships between species. One objective was to investigate potential misidentification of Tripletail fish and develop a reference barcode library for species identification in the study area.
This document discusses DNA barcoding, a method that uses short genetic markers to identify species. It provides background on DNA barcoding, including that the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene is commonly used. The document reviews past DNA barcoding studies in India and worldwide. A key study barcoded 115 commercially important Indian marine fish species and found COI can accurately identify fish species. DNA barcoding has advantages like identifying fragments and life stages and reducing ambiguity. It has potential applications in fisheries management and conservation by aiding species identification.
The document describes a study using de novo RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to understand the cellular pathways controlling β-ODAP (β, N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropinoic acid) biosynthesis in Lathyrus sativus, commonly known as grass pea. The study will collect samples from two grass pea varieties under drought and control conditions, focusing on seeds and stems at different development stages. Total RNA will be extracted from the samples and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000. Trinity software will be used to assemble transcripts without a reference genome. BLAST will then annotate the transcripts to identify genes involved in the β-ODAP synthesis pathway. The results aim to lay the foundation for
Annotating 18S rDNA sequences from environmental molecular surveysEukRef
This document discusses 18S rDNA sequencing of marine microorganisms. It begins by reviewing past studies on microbes in the ocean and establishes the 18S rDNA gene as a phylogenetic marker. It then describes the discovery of novel lineages of marine picoeukaryotes using 18S rDNA sequencing. Specifically, it defines 18 clades of Marine Stramenopile (MAST) lineages found in environmental samples. The document concludes by discussing tips for creating a high quality reference database of 18S rDNA sequences, including being conservative in defining new phylotypes due to challenges like sequencing errors and chimeras.
DNA barcoding is a standardized method to identify species using a short genetic marker from a standardized portion of the genome. It involves building a reference library of DNA barcodes from identified specimens of known species. Unknown samples can then be identified by comparing their barcodes to sequences in the reference library. The standard barcode region for animals is the COI gene from mitochondrial DNA. DNA barcoding has many applications, including identifying species across all life stages, identifying fragments or processed products, tracking disease vectors, distinguishing cryptic species, and detecting illegal wildlife trade. It provides an alternative identification method that can complement morphological identification.
This document summarizes the findings of a study that used genetic metabarcoding of the V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene to characterize eukaryotic plankton communities across different ocean basins and size fractions. Some key findings include:
- Over 150,000 genetic barcodes (OTUs) of eukaryotic plankton were identified, following a Preston curve distribution.
- The majority of OTUs belonged to protists, with fungi and metazoa making up a smaller proportion.
- Many OTUs represented known or putative parasite lineages that infect diatoms, dinoflagellates, and metazoans.
- There was a high degree of novelty, with less than 1%
This document discusses DNA barcoding, which is a technique for species identification using short DNA sequences. DNA barcoding uses a standard fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to identify species. The technique was formally proposed in 2003 and has since been developed by organizations like the International Barcode of Life project to create a global reference library. DNA barcoding is now used for applications like conservation, pest identification, food safety, and forensics.
Identification of fish species using dna barcode from visakhapatnam, east coa...RUSHINADHA KAKARA
This document describes a study that generated DNA barcodes for fish species found at a fishing harbor in Visakhapatnam, India. DNA was extracted from tissue samples of 50 fish individuals representing different species. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region of the mitochondrial DNA was amplified and sequenced. The resulting DNA barcodes were analyzed using bioinformatics tools including BLAST searches and multiple sequence alignments. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine relationships between species. One objective was to investigate potential misidentification of Tripletail fish and develop a reference barcode library for species identification in the study area.
This document discusses DNA barcoding, a method that uses short genetic markers to identify species. It provides background on DNA barcoding, including that the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene is commonly used. The document reviews past DNA barcoding studies in India and worldwide. A key study barcoded 115 commercially important Indian marine fish species and found COI can accurately identify fish species. DNA barcoding has advantages like identifying fragments and life stages and reducing ambiguity. It has potential applications in fisheries management and conservation by aiding species identification.
The document describes a study using de novo RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to understand the cellular pathways controlling β-ODAP (β, N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropinoic acid) biosynthesis in Lathyrus sativus, commonly known as grass pea. The study will collect samples from two grass pea varieties under drought and control conditions, focusing on seeds and stems at different development stages. Total RNA will be extracted from the samples and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000. Trinity software will be used to assemble transcripts without a reference genome. BLAST will then annotate the transcripts to identify genes involved in the β-ODAP synthesis pathway. The results aim to lay the foundation for
Annotating 18S rDNA sequences from environmental molecular surveysEukRef
This document discusses 18S rDNA sequencing of marine microorganisms. It begins by reviewing past studies on microbes in the ocean and establishes the 18S rDNA gene as a phylogenetic marker. It then describes the discovery of novel lineages of marine picoeukaryotes using 18S rDNA sequencing. Specifically, it defines 18 clades of Marine Stramenopile (MAST) lineages found in environmental samples. The document concludes by discussing tips for creating a high quality reference database of 18S rDNA sequences, including being conservative in defining new phylotypes due to challenges like sequencing errors and chimeras.
DNA barcoding is a standardized method to identify species using a short genetic marker from a standardized portion of the genome. It involves building a reference library of DNA barcodes from identified specimens of known species. Unknown samples can then be identified by comparing their barcodes to sequences in the reference library. The standard barcode region for animals is the COI gene from mitochondrial DNA. DNA barcoding has many applications, including identifying species across all life stages, identifying fragments or processed products, tracking disease vectors, distinguishing cryptic species, and detecting illegal wildlife trade. It provides an alternative identification method that can complement morphological identification.
This document summarizes the findings of a study that used genetic metabarcoding of the V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene to characterize eukaryotic plankton communities across different ocean basins and size fractions. Some key findings include:
- Over 150,000 genetic barcodes (OTUs) of eukaryotic plankton were identified, following a Preston curve distribution.
- The majority of OTUs belonged to protists, with fungi and metazoa making up a smaller proportion.
- Many OTUs represented known or putative parasite lineages that infect diatoms, dinoflagellates, and metazoans.
- There was a high degree of novelty, with less than 1%
This document discusses DNA barcoding, which is a technique for species identification using short DNA sequences. DNA barcoding uses a standard fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to identify species. The technique was formally proposed in 2003 and has since been developed by organizations like the International Barcode of Life project to create a global reference library. DNA barcoding is now used for applications like conservation, pest identification, food safety, and forensics.
DNA barcoding was first proposed by Paul Herbert in 2003.
Basic Principle
Dna Barcoding is based on premise that a short standardized sequence can distinguish individuals of a specie because genetic variation between specie exceeds that within specie.
DNA barcoding is a tool to identify insects. It includes various steps like DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing and data analysis. In data analysis we shall match the recognized sequence with the available database to find the specimen collected.
Use of DNA Barcoding in InsectTaxonomyShweta Patel
DNA barcoding is a technique that uses a short, standardized DNA sequence from a gene to identify species. The most common gene used for animals is cytochrome c oxidase I from the mitochondria. DNA barcoding has proven useful for identifying species across various life forms, including insects, fish, butterflies, and true bugs. It provides benefits such as enabling non-specialists to identify specimens, identifying agricultural pests and disease vectors, and delimiting cryptic species. Major projects involving DNA barcoding aim to create a global reference library to classify thousands of species.
ABSTRACT
THE 4R GENOME DUPLICATION IN SALMONINE FISHES:
INSIGHTS FROM CONSERVED NON-CODING ELEMENTS
Anibal H. Castillo Co-Advisors:
University of Guelph, 2008 Professors Dr. Moira M. Ferguson
Dr. Roy G. Danzmann
Gene and genome duplications are important processes in evolution. Salmonids are ideal animal model systems in which to study these processes, as they originated from a tetraploid ancestor. Conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) are of interest because of their highly conserved DNA consensus motifs spanning lineages as diverse and divergent as humans and fish. The main goal of this study is to test CNEs as a tool to study genome duplications and to revisit the “4R” hypothesis and phylogeny of Salmonine fishes (Salmonidae) Salmo salar, Salvelinus alpinus and Oncorhynchus mykiss through the study of copy number and nucleotide variation in six pairs of CNEs. Allele numbers for most CNE sequence pairs are consistent with the 4R hypothesis, as is the symmetric phylogenetic topology shown by some CNE pairs; the estimated date of CNE duplication is consistent with the only reported range of 25-100Mya. However, the phylogenetic relationships within Salmoninae remain unresolved.
DNA barcoding is a standardized approach to identifying plants and animals by minimal sequences of DNA, called DNA barcodes.
DNA barcode - short gene sequences taken from a standardized portion of the genome that is used to identify species
and this presentation gives much introducing about DNA barcodes developed for Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Various barcoding genes which are evolutionary conserved.
techniques to develop a DNA bar-code and its future perspectives
Current technologies and future technologies of DNA barcoding. Applications regarding environment awareness. it also contains 2-3 case studies
De novo RNA-seq for the study of ODAP synthesis pathway in Lathyrus sativus Iris Martínez-Rodero
A genomics project describing the strategy that would lead to the construction of a network of genes with the aim of reduce the expression of ODAP in Lathyrus sativus -due to its toxicity. The methodolgy includes de novo RNA-seq assay and bioinformatics software.
This document discusses using DNA barcoding projects in undergraduate science education. It provides two case studies of DNA barcoding projects in the US that involve students collecting samples, extracting DNA, sequencing DNA, and analyzing sequencing data to identify species. The document then outlines a DNA barcoding project done by students at Holmesglen involving sample collection, DNA extraction, PCR, sequencing analysis, and inputting data into public databases. Educational benefits of these projects included increased student engagement, learning real science skills, resume building experience, and developing independence and problem-solving abilities.
DNA Bar-code to Distinguish the SpeciesRoya Shariati
This document discusses DNA barcoding, which is a method for identifying species using short gene sequences from standardized portions of the genome. It provides background on Carl Linnaeus who established the system of classifying organisms, and discusses how DNA barcoding can be used to establish reference libraries to identify unknown specimens by comparing DNA sequences. While not intended to replace traditional taxonomy, DNA barcoding is presented as a useful tool that can help create a 21st century research environment for taxonomy.
DNA Barcoding and its application in species identificationsupriya k
1) The document introduces a seminar on DNA barcoding and its role in discriminating plant species, given by Kaldate Supriya.
2) DNA barcoding is a technique that uses short, standardized gene sequences from organisms as a genetic barcode for species identification and discrimination.
3) The most common plant barcoding markers are chloroplast genes matK and rbcL, which provide sufficient variability to discriminate most plant species.
The document discusses a RISE program project on bacteriophages. It presents the students involved and their professors. It provides background on bacteriophages and describes strategies for locating and isolating new phages in Puerto Rico. Samples were collected from various environments and 10 isolated phages were identified. Future work involves characterizing the phages through electron microscopy and genetic sequencing. The students thank various supporters of the program.
This document summarizes a study that used DNA barcoding to characterize Niphargus Kochianus Irlandicus, a tiny crustacean found in groundwater in Ireland. DNA was extracted from legs of specimens collected from two sites and amplified for the COI gene. Sequencing of the COI gene from four specimens revealed 72-84% homology with other Niphargus species, indicating molecular divergence within the species. A phylogenetic tree constructed from the COI sequences showed the existence of hidden diversity within Niphargus Kochianus Irlandicus.
DNA barcode sequence identification incorporating taxonomic hierarchy and wit...Raunak Shrestha
BRONX algorithm outperforms other sequence identification engines (SIDEs) like BLAST and FASTA in identifying plant and animal species from DNA barcode sequences, especially at the genus level and when using mini-barcode sequences. The study evaluated 11 SIDEs including BRONX, BLAST, and DNA-BAR on their ability to correctly identify species and genera of plants from DNA barcode sequences of the matK and rbcL genes. BRONX performed best for genus-level identification of full-length sequences and for all levels of identification using mini-barcodes. While DNA-BAR worked best on species identification with full-length barcodes, BRONX was comparable and improved on mini-barcode queries, demonstrating its ability
The document summarizes a study that used DNA barcoding and bioinformatics to identify plant species on the Northwest Nazarene University campus. Researchers extracted DNA from plant samples and used polymerase chain reaction to amplify the RuBisCo large subunit region. They found that the Carolina genomic protocol was more efficient for DNA extraction than the Wizard genomic protocol. The DNA sequences were then uploaded to databases like BOLD and BLAST to match the barcodes to known plant species and confirm identifications. In total, several common plants on campus were identified, though one sample could not be analyzed due to difficulties extracting its DNA. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of these techniques for biodiversity surveys.
This study examined three species of aquatic freshwater turtles in Costa Rica for haemogregarine infections. All turtles sampled were positive for intraerythrocytic haemogregarines, representing the first report of these parasites in turtles from Central America. Black river turtles had a significantly higher average parasitemia (0.34%) than white-lipped mud turtles (0.05%). Parasites in the single scorpion mud turtle examined were smaller and did not displace the host cell nucleus like those in the other two species. This is the first report of haemogregarines in the white-lipped mud turtle, scorpion mud turtle, and any Rhinoclemm
This document provides an overview of a training session on DNA barcoding methods. The training will cover: Module I on the introduction and pipeline of barcoding; Module II on acquiring and handling specimens and tissue samples; Module III on laboratory methods and information management; and Module IV on taxon-specific aspects of the barcoding pipeline. It also discusses the organization of the International Barcode of Life project (iBOL), which aims to generate barcodes for 5 million species by 2014 through various working groups focused on different taxa and methodologies.
This document provides an overview of bioinformatics activities at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). IRRI is conducting the Rice 3000 Genomes Project to sequence 10,000 rice varieties. This will require developing databases and analysis tools to handle large amounts of sequence and phenotype data. IRRI has deployed a Galaxy instance to provide bioinformatics tools and make data accessible. Current work involves building reference genomes, calling SNPs, and performing association studies. The goal is to integrate sequence and phenotype data to enable gene-trait predictions and accelerate rice breeding programs.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document discusses the Plant Genome Project focused on Arabidopsis thaliana. It describes how Arabidopsis thaliana was the first plant to have its genome completely sequenced. The sequencing project, led by multiple agencies, aimed to identify all genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by 2000. The project was completed in 2000 and identified around 26,000 protein-coding genes in the plant's genome. Subsequent projects like the 1001 Genomes Project aimed to sequence additional strains of Arabidopsis thaliana from different geographical regions to identify genetic variations.
1) Wetas are a type of grasshopper-like insect found only in New Zealand. The Maori people nicknamed them "weta", meaning "god of bad looks" due to their bulky and ugly appearance.
2) Wetas are nocturnal and live in caves and trees. Giant wetas can grow over 3 inches long and weigh up to 1.5 ounces. They communicate by rubbing body parts together.
3) Wetas have lived in New Zealand since dinosaurs but are now endangered due to introduced rats that prey on them. The growing rat population poses a serious threat to the native weta population.
This document provides information on Cirrhinus mrigala, commonly known as mrigal carp. It is endemic to Indo-Gangetic riverine systems and is one of three major carp species widely cultivated in Southeast Asia. Mrigal is cultured mainly through polyculture in ponds and tanks, and is an important component of fish culture systems in countries like India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar and others. Mrigal reaches sexual maturity at two years and is a highly fecund fish, with seed now supplied mainly through induced breeding in hatcheries.
Freshwater, Brackish water and Marine fish culture of India by Dr. S. G. ChebbiSameer Chebbi
This document summarizes the history and current state of freshwater fish culture in India. It discusses how fish culture has ancient roots in India dating back thousands of years, but was traditionally small-scale. Technological advances like induced breeding in the 1950s revolutionized the industry. Carp culture is now a major economic activity, with scientific methods producing high yields. Different culture systems are used across regions depending on local conditions and resources. Freshwater fish culture continues to be an important and growing industry in India.
DNA barcoding was first proposed by Paul Herbert in 2003.
Basic Principle
Dna Barcoding is based on premise that a short standardized sequence can distinguish individuals of a specie because genetic variation between specie exceeds that within specie.
DNA barcoding is a tool to identify insects. It includes various steps like DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing and data analysis. In data analysis we shall match the recognized sequence with the available database to find the specimen collected.
Use of DNA Barcoding in InsectTaxonomyShweta Patel
DNA barcoding is a technique that uses a short, standardized DNA sequence from a gene to identify species. The most common gene used for animals is cytochrome c oxidase I from the mitochondria. DNA barcoding has proven useful for identifying species across various life forms, including insects, fish, butterflies, and true bugs. It provides benefits such as enabling non-specialists to identify specimens, identifying agricultural pests and disease vectors, and delimiting cryptic species. Major projects involving DNA barcoding aim to create a global reference library to classify thousands of species.
ABSTRACT
THE 4R GENOME DUPLICATION IN SALMONINE FISHES:
INSIGHTS FROM CONSERVED NON-CODING ELEMENTS
Anibal H. Castillo Co-Advisors:
University of Guelph, 2008 Professors Dr. Moira M. Ferguson
Dr. Roy G. Danzmann
Gene and genome duplications are important processes in evolution. Salmonids are ideal animal model systems in which to study these processes, as they originated from a tetraploid ancestor. Conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) are of interest because of their highly conserved DNA consensus motifs spanning lineages as diverse and divergent as humans and fish. The main goal of this study is to test CNEs as a tool to study genome duplications and to revisit the “4R” hypothesis and phylogeny of Salmonine fishes (Salmonidae) Salmo salar, Salvelinus alpinus and Oncorhynchus mykiss through the study of copy number and nucleotide variation in six pairs of CNEs. Allele numbers for most CNE sequence pairs are consistent with the 4R hypothesis, as is the symmetric phylogenetic topology shown by some CNE pairs; the estimated date of CNE duplication is consistent with the only reported range of 25-100Mya. However, the phylogenetic relationships within Salmoninae remain unresolved.
DNA barcoding is a standardized approach to identifying plants and animals by minimal sequences of DNA, called DNA barcodes.
DNA barcode - short gene sequences taken from a standardized portion of the genome that is used to identify species
and this presentation gives much introducing about DNA barcodes developed for Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Various barcoding genes which are evolutionary conserved.
techniques to develop a DNA bar-code and its future perspectives
Current technologies and future technologies of DNA barcoding. Applications regarding environment awareness. it also contains 2-3 case studies
De novo RNA-seq for the study of ODAP synthesis pathway in Lathyrus sativus Iris Martínez-Rodero
A genomics project describing the strategy that would lead to the construction of a network of genes with the aim of reduce the expression of ODAP in Lathyrus sativus -due to its toxicity. The methodolgy includes de novo RNA-seq assay and bioinformatics software.
This document discusses using DNA barcoding projects in undergraduate science education. It provides two case studies of DNA barcoding projects in the US that involve students collecting samples, extracting DNA, sequencing DNA, and analyzing sequencing data to identify species. The document then outlines a DNA barcoding project done by students at Holmesglen involving sample collection, DNA extraction, PCR, sequencing analysis, and inputting data into public databases. Educational benefits of these projects included increased student engagement, learning real science skills, resume building experience, and developing independence and problem-solving abilities.
DNA Bar-code to Distinguish the SpeciesRoya Shariati
This document discusses DNA barcoding, which is a method for identifying species using short gene sequences from standardized portions of the genome. It provides background on Carl Linnaeus who established the system of classifying organisms, and discusses how DNA barcoding can be used to establish reference libraries to identify unknown specimens by comparing DNA sequences. While not intended to replace traditional taxonomy, DNA barcoding is presented as a useful tool that can help create a 21st century research environment for taxonomy.
DNA Barcoding and its application in species identificationsupriya k
1) The document introduces a seminar on DNA barcoding and its role in discriminating plant species, given by Kaldate Supriya.
2) DNA barcoding is a technique that uses short, standardized gene sequences from organisms as a genetic barcode for species identification and discrimination.
3) The most common plant barcoding markers are chloroplast genes matK and rbcL, which provide sufficient variability to discriminate most plant species.
The document discusses a RISE program project on bacteriophages. It presents the students involved and their professors. It provides background on bacteriophages and describes strategies for locating and isolating new phages in Puerto Rico. Samples were collected from various environments and 10 isolated phages were identified. Future work involves characterizing the phages through electron microscopy and genetic sequencing. The students thank various supporters of the program.
This document summarizes a study that used DNA barcoding to characterize Niphargus Kochianus Irlandicus, a tiny crustacean found in groundwater in Ireland. DNA was extracted from legs of specimens collected from two sites and amplified for the COI gene. Sequencing of the COI gene from four specimens revealed 72-84% homology with other Niphargus species, indicating molecular divergence within the species. A phylogenetic tree constructed from the COI sequences showed the existence of hidden diversity within Niphargus Kochianus Irlandicus.
DNA barcode sequence identification incorporating taxonomic hierarchy and wit...Raunak Shrestha
BRONX algorithm outperforms other sequence identification engines (SIDEs) like BLAST and FASTA in identifying plant and animal species from DNA barcode sequences, especially at the genus level and when using mini-barcode sequences. The study evaluated 11 SIDEs including BRONX, BLAST, and DNA-BAR on their ability to correctly identify species and genera of plants from DNA barcode sequences of the matK and rbcL genes. BRONX performed best for genus-level identification of full-length sequences and for all levels of identification using mini-barcodes. While DNA-BAR worked best on species identification with full-length barcodes, BRONX was comparable and improved on mini-barcode queries, demonstrating its ability
The document summarizes a study that used DNA barcoding and bioinformatics to identify plant species on the Northwest Nazarene University campus. Researchers extracted DNA from plant samples and used polymerase chain reaction to amplify the RuBisCo large subunit region. They found that the Carolina genomic protocol was more efficient for DNA extraction than the Wizard genomic protocol. The DNA sequences were then uploaded to databases like BOLD and BLAST to match the barcodes to known plant species and confirm identifications. In total, several common plants on campus were identified, though one sample could not be analyzed due to difficulties extracting its DNA. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of these techniques for biodiversity surveys.
This study examined three species of aquatic freshwater turtles in Costa Rica for haemogregarine infections. All turtles sampled were positive for intraerythrocytic haemogregarines, representing the first report of these parasites in turtles from Central America. Black river turtles had a significantly higher average parasitemia (0.34%) than white-lipped mud turtles (0.05%). Parasites in the single scorpion mud turtle examined were smaller and did not displace the host cell nucleus like those in the other two species. This is the first report of haemogregarines in the white-lipped mud turtle, scorpion mud turtle, and any Rhinoclemm
This document provides an overview of a training session on DNA barcoding methods. The training will cover: Module I on the introduction and pipeline of barcoding; Module II on acquiring and handling specimens and tissue samples; Module III on laboratory methods and information management; and Module IV on taxon-specific aspects of the barcoding pipeline. It also discusses the organization of the International Barcode of Life project (iBOL), which aims to generate barcodes for 5 million species by 2014 through various working groups focused on different taxa and methodologies.
This document provides an overview of bioinformatics activities at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). IRRI is conducting the Rice 3000 Genomes Project to sequence 10,000 rice varieties. This will require developing databases and analysis tools to handle large amounts of sequence and phenotype data. IRRI has deployed a Galaxy instance to provide bioinformatics tools and make data accessible. Current work involves building reference genomes, calling SNPs, and performing association studies. The goal is to integrate sequence and phenotype data to enable gene-trait predictions and accelerate rice breeding programs.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document discusses the Plant Genome Project focused on Arabidopsis thaliana. It describes how Arabidopsis thaliana was the first plant to have its genome completely sequenced. The sequencing project, led by multiple agencies, aimed to identify all genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by 2000. The project was completed in 2000 and identified around 26,000 protein-coding genes in the plant's genome. Subsequent projects like the 1001 Genomes Project aimed to sequence additional strains of Arabidopsis thaliana from different geographical regions to identify genetic variations.
1) Wetas are a type of grasshopper-like insect found only in New Zealand. The Maori people nicknamed them "weta", meaning "god of bad looks" due to their bulky and ugly appearance.
2) Wetas are nocturnal and live in caves and trees. Giant wetas can grow over 3 inches long and weigh up to 1.5 ounces. They communicate by rubbing body parts together.
3) Wetas have lived in New Zealand since dinosaurs but are now endangered due to introduced rats that prey on them. The growing rat population poses a serious threat to the native weta population.
This document provides information on Cirrhinus mrigala, commonly known as mrigal carp. It is endemic to Indo-Gangetic riverine systems and is one of three major carp species widely cultivated in Southeast Asia. Mrigal is cultured mainly through polyculture in ponds and tanks, and is an important component of fish culture systems in countries like India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar and others. Mrigal reaches sexual maturity at two years and is a highly fecund fish, with seed now supplied mainly through induced breeding in hatcheries.
Freshwater, Brackish water and Marine fish culture of India by Dr. S. G. ChebbiSameer Chebbi
This document summarizes the history and current state of freshwater fish culture in India. It discusses how fish culture has ancient roots in India dating back thousands of years, but was traditionally small-scale. Technological advances like induced breeding in the 1950s revolutionized the industry. Carp culture is now a major economic activity, with scientific methods producing high yields. Different culture systems are used across regions depending on local conditions and resources. Freshwater fish culture continues to be an important and growing industry in India.
Prospectives and Problems of Conservation, Development and Management of Clam...ijtsrd
Bhatye estuary, Ratnagiri is known for its mussel and clam fishery. Clam fishery is primarily supported by Meretrix meretrix, Katelysia opima and Paphia laterisulea. The clam fishery lasts for about 8 – 10 months. During lean period of open sea fishery, it provides protein rich food and livelihood to local population... Its shells are utilized as raw material in lime and cement cottage industries. Considering its food and economic value they are over exploited. In the present study, economic and food value of clams, clam fishery, management and conservation aspects are discussed. Sanjay Kumbhar "Prospectives and Problems of Conservation, Development and Management of Clam Resource in the Bhatye Estuary Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30593.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/30593/prospectives-and-problems-of-conservation-development-and-management-of-clam-resource-in-the-bhatye-estuary-ratnagiri-maharashtra-india/sanjay-kumbhar
the Text Book of Fishery Science2022.pdfpoonam singh
This document provides information about Catla and Rohu fish species. It discusses their key external characters, feeding habits, spawning season, growth, fecundity and distribution. Catla is described as a fast growing major carp in India that attains a length of 6 feet and weight over 60kg. It feeds on zooplankton and phytoplankton. Rohu also grows fast but slower than Catla. Both species are economically important food fish cultivated widely in Indian ponds.
Studies on Diversity and Seasonal Variations in Ichthyofauna of Chandrasarova...ijtsrd
The present study deals with ichthyofaunal diversity of Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Total 23 species from 6 orders, 10 families and 19 genera were recorded during the present study. The range of water parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen alkalinity and hardness were recorded and found suitable for fish production. Dominant family Cyprinidae with 12 species and 08 genera followed by Bagridae with 03 species 02 genera and other all families Claridea, Heteropneustidae, Cichilidae, Channidae, Gobiidae, Belonidae, Mastacembelidae, Poecilidae and Anguilidae contributed single species with single genera. Regarding conservation status out of 23 fish species 21 species least concern and 2 species near threaten. During month of December post monsoon highest fish diversity was found. Seasonal diversity indices such as Shannon Wiener species diversity, Pielou’s evenness, Margalef’s species richness, were calculated based on the abundance of fish species to access the ecosystem health of Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar. These studies will be help for the maintenance and regulation of Ichthyofauna and other aquatic ecosystem of the Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar, Rajasthan Arjumand Qureshi "Studies on Diversity and Seasonal Variations in Ichthyofauna of Chandrasarovar Pond of Jhalawar (Rajasthan)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43619.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/zoology/43619/studies-on-diversity-and-seasonal-variations-in-ichthyofauna-of-chandrasarovar-pond-of-jhalawar-rajasthan/arjumand-qureshi
Attia Rehman, a 5th semester BS Zoology student, presented on identifying freshwater fish species in the Chenab River in Punjab, Pakistan using a dichotomous key. The presentation introduced freshwater fish, defined a dichotomous key, and provided a key identifying 6 fish species found in the area based on images of their heads, bodies, and scales. Data was collected on 915 images of the 6 species from local farms and rivers to develop the identification tool.
This document discusses the feeding habits of Labeo rohita, a freshwater fish found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar. It begins by providing taxonomic classification and background on the species' physical characteristics and habitat preferences. The document then examines the fish's feeding behaviors at different life stages, finding it eats zooplankton as a juvenile but transitions to eating more phytoplankton and vegetation as an adult. Two papers are summarized that analyze gut contents of L. rohita from different locations and seasons, finding it is an omnivore that relies more on plant matter as it grows larger.
This document discusses the feeding habits and biology of Labeo rohita, an important freshwater fish species in India. It finds that L. rohita exhibits ontogenetic shifts in diet, starting as an omnivore feeding mainly on zooplankton in early life stages. As it grows, it feeds more on phytoplankton and becomes an herbivorous column feeder that sieves water using modified gill rakers. Studies of its gut contents in different seasons found it feeds most after the monsoon spawning season, when it compensates for energy lost during breeding. Overall, L. rohita displays adaptable feeding as an omnivore-planktophage in youth
Hybridization refers to breeding between different species or genera of fish. It commonly occurs naturally in fish since they release eggs and sperm into water, allowing for external fertilization. This has led to many natural hybrids being found among closely related fish families that live in the same habitats. Artificial hybridization is also used in aquaculture to combine desirable traits from parent species. Outcomes can be diploid or triploid hybrids with intermediate characteristics.
Puffer fish belonging to the family tetraodontidae are usually distributed in the shallow waters. During investigation in stations viz. Marina Park, Chidiyatapu and Burmanullah, around Andaman, five species from genus Arothron and two from Canthigaster have been recorded and were mostly found to prefer coral reefs and rock crevices, with the exception of Arothron immaculatus, which was found to be present in the open waters and it confined to sandy bottom substrate with patches of sea grasses around them. These fishes were found to be most diverse and abundant in Chidiyatapu with the Margelef’s Richness Index of 2.49, Shannon-Wiener index of 1.05 and Pielou’s evenness index of 0.96. Biometric analysis results demonstrate that they have shown an isometric growth. The individuals collected were mostly lying in the length group of 120-160 mm. Gut content analysis of A. Immaculatus reveals that the fish feed mainly on molluscs and sea urchin and the other food items were shrimps, crabs, sponges, micro algae, foraminiferans etc. gastro-somatic index, hepato-somatic index and gonado-somatic indices were also calculated to throw light upon the feeding behavior and reproductive maturity of the fishes. Most of the individuals were found to be in the developing stage of maturity.
The fecundity of brackish river prawn (macrobrachium macrobrachion, herklots,...Alexander Decker
I. This study examined the fecundity of the brackish river prawn (Macrobrachium macrobrachion) from the Great Kwa River in Nigeria over a six month period.
II. The number of eggs ranged from 63 to 14,531 with a mean of 4,420.58 eggs per female. Egg diameters ranged from 0.26 to 0.38mm.
III. A strong positive correlation was found between female body size (weight, length, carapace length) and number of eggs. Fecundity increased linearly with body size.
The induced breeding of common carps (Cyprinus carpio) in BangladeshAbdullaAlAsif1
The study was conducted to know the induced breeding technique of common carp verities. Scale carp (C. carpio var. communis), mirror carp (C. carpio var. specularis) and leather carp (C. carpio var. nudus) are chosen for the experiment at Ma-Fatema Fish Hatchery in Jessore from January to March, 2016. For induced breeding practice of common carps generally 1st dose of PG hormone only injected to the female brood fishes only. After 6 hours of the 1st dose, female brood fishes were injected with the 2nd dose of hormone at 4 mg PG/kg body weight and male brood fishes were injected at 2 mg PG /kg body weight for scale carp and mirror carp; 4 mg PG/kg body weight for leather carp. After 6-7 hours of injection of 2nd dose brood fishes became ready to spawn. The fertilized eggs were hatched after 42-48 hours. The mean ovulation rates were 90.01±2.55, 85.75±4.3 and 78.98±5.85 for scale carp, mirror carp and leather carp, respectively. The mean fertilization rates were 83.06±3.04, 81.54±3.61 and 79.88±5.35 for scale carp, mirror carp and leather carp, respectively. The mean hatching rates were 77.6±3.93, 76.16±2.91 and 74.59±4.65 for scale carp, mirror carp and leather carp, respectively. The mean survival rates were 73.44±4.94, 71.92±1.94 and 69.58±3.79 for scale carp, mirror carp and leather carp, respectively. This is first research work on comparative study of common carps induced breeding in Bangladesh.
Determination of Rate of Shell Accretion in Pesticide Induced Fresh Water Biv...ijtsrd
Rate of shell accretion was studied in the freshwater bivalve, Parreysia corrugata exposed to chronic treatment of pesticides; quinalphos (0.108 ppm) and thiodan (0.0708 ppm). The thickness of the accreted part was maximum at umbo, moderate in the middle and was minimum at the margin of the shell in bivalves of all three groups. Rate of shell accretion was reduced in pesticide exposed bivalves than in normal bivalves. Accreted piece of the shell found to become brittle with dull and poor nacre. Dr. Pramod P. Phirke | Dr. S.P. Zambare"Determination of Rate of Shell Accretion in Pesticide Induced Fresh Water Bivalve, Parreysia Corrugata" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2204.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/2204/determination-of-rate-of-shell-accretion-in-pesticide-induced-fresh-water-bivalve-parreysia-corrugata/dr-pramod-p-phirke
Carp polyculture involves culturing multiple carp species together in ponds without overlapping their ecological niches. This allows for efficient utilization of different levels of the food web. Common carp, Chinese carp, and Indian carp species are most often used. Factors like diverse feeding habits and tolerance of variable water conditions make carp suitable for polyculture. Pond management involves stocking different carp based on their trophic levels and fertilizing ponds with organic matter to boost natural food production. China is the world's largest producer of carp, contributing over two-thirds of global carp production.
Studies on the Phyllosoma Larva of the Indian Rock Lobster, Panulirus Homarus...ijtsrd
Attempts were made to develop a technique to rear the phyllosoma larvae of Panulirus homarus. The biological characters like fecundity, hatching percentage, larval morphological changes, feed inputs and moulting frequency till the fourth moult were studied. Morphometric and meristic characters of the larvae were also studied till the 42ndday. The larval output was directly proportional to the size of the gravid brood stock. Relationship between the duration of culture X and length of the larvae Y were shown by the relationships Y intercept = 0.5780 ± 0.1074 and X intercept = 0.7283 r2 = 0.8519 . There was significant p 0.0001 positive relationship between total length TL and carapace width CW of phyllosoma larvae. S. Lazarus | J. C. Nisha | R. Thangaraja "Studies on the Phyllosoma Larva of the Indian Rock Lobster, Panulirus Homarus Linnaeus, 1758" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31676.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/molecular-biology/31676/studies-on-the-phyllosoma-larva-of-the-indian-rock-lobster-panulirus-homarus-linnaeus-1758/s-lazarus
Nile tilapia inhabiting Doma Dam and Abu Zabal Lake primarily consume phytoplankton, especially diatoms. Analysis of gut contents from fish in both bodies of water found diatoms to be the most common food item of plant origin. While the stomachs of some fish were empty, likely during spawning periods, plant material generally dominated the diets of Nile tilapia. However, supplementary feeding may be needed in Doma Dam where food availability is limited. Overall, the papers highlighted phytoplankton, particularly diatoms, as the key component of Nile tilapia diets in these aquatic ecosystems.
Understanding the mangrove-associated avifauna and their conservation status ...AI Publications
The research was conducted from June 2017 to June 2019 to better understand the diversity and current state of the avifauna in the Gorai Creek region. 96 species belonging to 39 families from 16 orders, including terrestrial and aquatic birds, were identified as surviving near the stream over the two-year research period, including residents, migratory, common, uncommon, and unusual species. 64 species were permanent birds, 28 were winter migrants, 4 were summer migrants, 23 were uncommon, 57 were common, and 16 were rare. Anatidae, Ardeidae, Cuculidae, Accipitridae, Sturnidae, Strigidae, Laridae, Charadridae, Scolopacidae, and Rallidae were the most regularly observed bird families. The extensive mangrove cover around the creek provided food for all the birds. The ferry system to Gorai village, as well as the Essel World Park, has been seen to mildly impair the birds' breeding and foraging. Seasonal changes have a significant impact on bird numbers. Except for the ferry system, anthropogenic disturbances are quite minimal in the area, therefore the creek has less pollution and dense mangrove foliage, which shelters the avifauna that thrives in the zone.
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. Native to India and South Asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio (and thus often called a "tropical fish" although both tropical and subtropical).
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
The document summarizes a study on the zooplankton community of the Kalamnuri minor irrigation dam in India from August 2004 to July 2005. A total of 30 zooplankton species were found, dominated by 10 species of cladocera. The populations of zooplankton varied seasonally and between sampling sites, influenced by factors like water temperature and food availability. The study found the dam maintains a well-balanced ecosystem and has potential for fish cultivation due to the abundant zooplankton populations.
Similar to Analysis of DNA Content of Wild and Cultured Labeo Calbasu Hamilton, 1822 Using Nanophotometer (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
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Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
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Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
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Analysis of DNA Content of Wild and Cultured Labeo Calbasu Hamilton, 1822 Using Nanophotometer
1. International Journal of Trend in
International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
Analysis of DNA
Calbasu (Hamilton
1
Research Scholar
Department of Zoology RGPG College
ABSTRACT
Labeo calbasu is an important food fish and
commonly known as the “calbasu” or “Black Rohu”.
The present study was conducted on DNA extraction
and determination of DNA quantity of both male and
female of wild and cultured Labeo calbasu
Nanophotometer. DNA isolation was done and gel
electrophoresis was carried out. Extracted DNA was
analyzed using nanophotometer (Nanophotometer
P330; Implen, Germany) to determine the
concentration of DNA and its purity level. Several
different methods have been employed in the
quantification of nuclear DNA over the past 50 years.
The ease of use of this technique not only makes it a
feasible option for small volume analysis of DNA but
also a practical alternative for spectrophotometric
measurement. Significant progress was made to
measure micro volume liquid samples (<1µl) in
biotechnology & pharmaceutical applications. For the
present study both male and female of wild
calbasu (from middle Ganga Region) and cultured
Labeo calbasu (from culture ponds and/ hatchery)
were taken. The value of DNA concentration in
female of wild Labeo calbasu was in between 58
ng/µl and of male was in between range of 64
ng/µl. The value of DNA concentration in female of
cultured Labeo calbasu was 60- 66 ng/µ
68- 74 ng/µl.
KEY WORDS: DNA Quantity, wild, cultured,
Nanophotometer, Labeo calbasu.
INTRODUCTION
Labeo is a genus of carps in the family
Labeo calbasu locally called Kalibasu or Calbasu or
Black rohu, is a freshwater fish species and is the
most important carp species next to three Indian
Major Carps; Labeo rohita, Catla catla
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal | www.ijtsrd.com
6470 | Volume - 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov – Dec 2018
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
DNA Content of Wild and Cultured Labeo
Hamilton, 1822) Using Nanophotometer
Nisha Rana1
, Seema Jain2
Research Scholar, 2
Associate Professor
Department of Zoology RGPG College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
is an important food fish and
commonly known as the “calbasu” or “Black Rohu”.
The present study was conducted on DNA extraction
and determination of DNA quantity of both male and
Labeo calbasu using
Nanophotometer. DNA isolation was done and gel
electrophoresis was carried out. Extracted DNA was
analyzed using nanophotometer (Nanophotometer
P330; Implen, Germany) to determine the
concentration of DNA and its purity level. Several
e been employed in the
quantification of nuclear DNA over the past 50 years.
The ease of use of this technique not only makes it a
feasible option for small volume analysis of DNA but
also a practical alternative for spectrophotometric
cant progress was made to
measure micro volume liquid samples (<1µl) in
biotechnology & pharmaceutical applications. For the
present study both male and female of wild Labeo
(from middle Ganga Region) and cultured
and/ hatchery)
were taken. The value of DNA concentration in
was in between 58 -62
l and of male was in between range of 64- 68
l. The value of DNA concentration in female of
66 ng/µl and of male
DNA Quantity, wild, cultured,
in the family Cyprinidae.
locally called Kalibasu or Calbasu or
is a freshwater fish species and is the
most important carp species next to three Indian
and Cirrhinus
mrigala. The synonyms used for this species are
Cyprinus calbas (Hamilton, 1822),
calbasu (Day, 1878), Labeo calbasu
Shebbeare, 1937). It is a popular food fish and also is
admired as a sport fish. Recently this fish species has
also made its entry in ornamental fish markets of India
and abroad. In last few years, the natural populations
of this fish species has seriously declined due to
fishing and other anthropological reasons.
The dorsal profile of Calbasu is more convex than of
abdomen.Other identifying features includes;
thick and fringed. Two pairs of barbells
pair longer than maxillary pair (Rahman, 19
pores on snout and eye situated a bit anterior from the
half of the head (Bhuiyan, 1964). Caudal peduncle is
short an lateral line well marked, scales
in size. There are 20 rows of scales before dorsal fin
and 22 rows round the caudal
1964). Mouth is moderately wide and
Gill openings of Kalibasu is wide a
villiform, short and feeble (Bhuiyan, 1964). Colour
body is dark-black but the ventral part light dark.
ventral surface of the opercular region is white iris
coppery. This fish attains a length of
(Talwar and Jhingran, 1991).
feeder. It feeds on vegetable matter, crustaceans,
insect larvae etc. Labeo calbasu
higher plants 48%, protozoa 12%, crustacean 10%,
mollusca 5%, mud and sand 15% (Bhuiyan, 1964). It
does inhabit rivers and tributaries. They are also seen
in deep pools clear sluggish streams, creeks. It can be
reared in ponds and also in tanks (Bhuiyan, 1964 and
Rahman, 1989).
Of wide distribution in India, it is one of the major
Indian carps. It is an important food fish and at several
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
www.ijtsrd.com
Dec 2018
Dec 2018 Page: 906
nd Cultured Labeo
Using Nanophotometer
, India
The synonyms used for this species are
Hamilton, 1822), Labeo
Labeo calbasu (Shaw and
It is a popular food fish and also is
admired as a sport fish. Recently this fish species has
also made its entry in ornamental fish markets of India
and abroad. In last few years, the natural populations
of this fish species has seriously declined due to over
fishing and other anthropological reasons.
The dorsal profile of Calbasu is more convex than of
Other identifying features includes; Lips are
pairs of barbells present, rostal
pair longer than maxillary pair (Rahman, 1989). No
ye situated a bit anterior from the
964). Caudal peduncle is
ateral line well marked, scales are moderate
in size. There are 20 rows of scales before dorsal fin
and 22 rows round the caudal peduncle (Bhuiyan,
1964). Mouth is moderately wide and also inferior.
Gill openings of Kalibasu is wide and gill rakers are
villiform, short and feeble (Bhuiyan, 1964). Colour of
black but the ventral part light dark. The
the opercular region is white iris
coppery. This fish attains a length of nearly 90 cm
(Talwar and Jhingran, 1991). Generally it is a bottom
feeder. It feeds on vegetable matter, crustaceans,
Labeo calbasu feeds on algae 10%,
higher plants 48%, protozoa 12%, crustacean 10%,
mollusca 5%, mud and sand 15% (Bhuiyan, 1964). It
does inhabit rivers and tributaries. They are also seen
in deep pools clear sluggish streams, creeks. It can be
tanks (Bhuiyan, 1964 and
Of wide distribution in India, it is one of the major
Indian carps. It is an important food fish and at several
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
places is referred to as the "Black Rohu". It is an
important game fish in the tanks where it is s
and is cultivated along with other species. It thrives
better in tanks and lakes than in running waters; can
tolerate slightly brackish water also. It does not
normally breed in ponds; induced bred by
hypophysation. It is essentially a bottom feeder
attains a length of 90 cm. It can be taken on small fly
spoon (Talwar and Jhingran 1991).
OBJECTIVE
To extract DNA of both male and female of wild and
cultured Labeo calbasu.
To determine concentration of DNA of both male and
female of wild and cultured Labeo calbasu
Nanophotometer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the present study, Labeo calbasu
collected from different water bodies of Western Uttar
Pradesh (Bijnor district, district Hapur and from
district Meerut), morphologically identified (with the
help of standard literature of Day’s fauna 1875
78,1889; Jayaram, 1981) and preserved
studies (for DNA isolation and quantification).
Approx. 100mg of muscle tissue and fin clip from 2
individuals of each species were preserved in 95%
ethanol until used and will be kept in
molecular analysis. Voucher specimens were
preserved in 10% formalin solution. DNA isolation
was done by following the method of Ruzzante
(1996) with minor modifications. The DNA was
diluted to a final concentration of 100ng/µL.
electrophoresis was carried out by 1.5-2% agarose gel.
The extracted DNA was further analyzed using
Nanodrop spectrophotometer (Nanophotometer P330;
Implen, Germany) to determine the concentration of
DNA and its purity level. Total DNA quantification
was carried by nanophotometetrically taking
absorbance of 260 and 280nm. A total of
of Labeo calbasu of wild and cultured
analyzed.
RESULTS
The present study was conducted on the isolation of
DNA and determination of DNA concentration of
both male and female of wild and cultured
calbasu using Nanophotometer.DNA quantification
was done by using nanophotometer and all data was
noted (Table 1). The value of DNA concentration in
female of wild Labeo calbasu was between 58
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
places is referred to as the "Black Rohu". It is an
important game fish in the tanks where it is stocked
and is cultivated along with other species. It thrives
better in tanks and lakes than in running waters; can
tolerate slightly brackish water also. It does not
normally breed in ponds; induced bred by
hypophysation. It is essentially a bottom feeder. It
attains a length of 90 cm. It can be taken on small fly-
To extract DNA of both male and female of wild and
To determine concentration of DNA of both male and
Labeo calbasu using
Labeo calbasu fishes were
collected from different water bodies of Western Uttar
district, district Hapur and from
, morphologically identified (with the
help of standard literature of Day’s fauna 1875-
78,1889; Jayaram, 1981) and preserved for molecular
quantification).
tissue and fin clip from 2-5
individuals of each species were preserved in 95%
ethanol until used and will be kept in -20 °C for
molecular analysis. Voucher specimens were
DNA isolation
method of Ruzzante et.al.,
modifications. The DNA was
diluted to a final concentration of 100ng/µL. Gel
2% agarose gel.
The extracted DNA was further analyzed using
hotometer P330;
to determine the concentration of
Total DNA quantification
was carried by nanophotometetrically taking
A total of 20 samples
of wild and cultured fishes were
The present study was conducted on the isolation of
DNA and determination of DNA concentration of
both male and female of wild and cultured Labeo
Nanophotometer.DNA quantification
nanophotometer and all data was
The value of DNA concentration in
was between 58-62
ng/µl and of male was between
(Fig.3). The value of DNA concentration in female of
cultured Labeo calbasu was 60
68- 74 ng/µl (Fig. 4).
Table1. Quantity of DNA in all 20 samples of
Labeo calbasu in Nanogram/
Sample
No.
Wild
Female
Wild
Male
1 60 66
2 58 64
3 61 66
4 62 68
5 59 64
Nucleic acids play a major role in growth an
development. The amount of de
(DNA), the carrier of genetic information, is stable
under changing environmental situations and has been
used as an indicator of biomass
and cell number (Regnault and Luquet 1974).
study revealed that the highest content of DNA was
seen in female fishes of wild and also of cultured
However slight change was seen in male fish. The
comparative result revealed that the highest content
was in cultured fishes, where all optimal conditions
were maintained and also in female fishes of cultur
fishes.
Fig. 1 Quantity of DNA content in Wild
in Nanogram/ µl/individual
Fig. 2 Quantity of DNA content in Cultured
calbasu in Nanogram/
Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 907
l and of male was between ranges of 64- 68 ng/µl
The value of DNA concentration in female of
was 60 - 66 ng/µl and of male
Quantity of DNA in all 20 samples of
in Nanogram/ µl/individual
Cultured
Female
Cultured
Male
66 68
65 70
60 74
66 72
62 74
Nucleic acids play a major role in growth and
development. The amount of deoxyribonucleic acid
), the carrier of genetic information, is stable
under changing environmental situations and has been
used as an indicator of biomass (Dortch et al. 1983)
and cell number (Regnault and Luquet 1974). The
study revealed that the highest content of DNA was
en in female fishes of wild and also of cultured.
However slight change was seen in male fish. The
comparative result revealed that the highest content
was in cultured fishes, where all optimal conditions
were maintained and also in female fishes of cultured
Fig. 1 Quantity of DNA content in Wild L. calbasu
in Nanogram/ µl/individual
Quantity of DNA content in Cultured L.
in Nanogram/ µl/individual
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
Fig. 3 Comparative DNA Quantification in
nanogram/ µl in all 20 samples of both male and
female L. calbasu
DNA measurement can provide valuable tool for
monitoring the health and condition of fish.
knowledge from such investigations can be used in
optimizing and sustaining yield, stock management
and conservation of genetic diversity.
DISCUSSION
Nanodrop spectrophotometry is an extremely
powerful technology that allows Quantification of
DNA, RNA (A260) and protein (A280)
concentrations and sample purity (260/280 ratio) over
a large concentration range of 2 - 15,000 ng/L double
standards DNA (Pratima et. al,. 2014).
DNA concentration in female of wild Labeo
was between 58-62 ng/µl and of male was between
ranges of 64- 68 ng/µl. The value of DNA
concentration in female of cultured Labeo
was 60 - 66 ng/µl and of male 68- 74 ng/
al., (2012) used nanodrop method
quantification from different fishes bas
target. Nanodrop technique was also used by Shi
al., (2015) for DNA quantification in the process of
molecular characterization of Cynoglossus semilaevis.
In the project report submitted by Aderibigbe
Adedunni (2014) to the department of aquaculture and
fisheries management, University of agriculture,
Nigeria determination of DNA concentration of
Clarias gariepinus was done by nanodrop. DNA
quantification of Male and Female Clarias batrachus,
Clarias gariepinus andClarias hybrids was also
by Shobhna (2017). She observed the value of DNA
concentration in female of C. batrachus
between 59 and 61 ng/µl and of male was in between
range of 70- 76 ng/µl. The value of DNA
concentration in female of C. gariepinus
63 ng/µl and of male 75- 78 ng/µl. Highest DNA
concentration was seen in hybrid individuals, in
females the concentration was in between 74
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
Fig. 3 Comparative DNA Quantification in
in all 20 samples of both male and
DNA measurement can provide valuable tool for
monitoring the health and condition of fish. The
knowledge from such investigations can be used in
optimizing and sustaining yield, stock management
Nanodrop spectrophotometry is an extremely
powerful technology that allows Quantification of
A (A260) and protein (A280)
concentrations and sample purity (260/280 ratio) over
15,000 ng/L double
2014). The value of
Labeo calbasu
l and of male was between
l. The value of DNA
Labeo calbasu
74 ng/µl. Prado et.
method for DNA
quantification from different fishes based on nuclear
target. Nanodrop technique was also used by Shi et.
(2015) for DNA quantification in the process of
Cynoglossus semilaevis.
In the project report submitted by Aderibigbe
aquaculture and
fisheries management, University of agriculture,
Nigeria determination of DNA concentration of
was done by nanodrop. DNA
Clarias batrachus,
hybrids was also done
he value of DNA
C. batrachus was in
l and of male was in between
The value of DNA
C. gariepinus was 60 and
µl. Highest DNA
concentration was seen in hybrid individuals, in
females the concentration was in between 74-76 ng/µl
and in case of males value was between 88
Similar study on diminution level of RNA/DNA ratio
in tissue of Labeo rohita
endocrine disrupting compounds was also done by
Verma et al., 2016.
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