Traditional power production has become challenging for utilities due to the depletion of fossil fuels, coal, and oil. This must be done in a less expensive and more efficient manner. To meet the consumers power needs, a new source is needed. The alternative source should be sustainable and capable of fulfilling the needs of the customer. The incorporation of renewable energy into the grid is a helpful method of meeting demand. The integration of renewable energy has three main challenges frequency fluctuation, power quality issues, and power system instability. The following issues were critical in nature. An expert system based on an analytic hierarchy method is used to detect and classify power quality issues. Previously, it could detect sag, swell, transients, harmonics, interruptions, and flickers. A method for categorizing events that is error free has been proposed. The streamlined process provides for more accurate identification and classification of power quality issues. an examination of power quality issues and their mitigation via the use of unified power quality conditioners UPQC To reduce different power quality problems, an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System ANFIS is employed. Using renewable energy sources effectively reduces environmental impact. The proposed technique corrects voltage imbalances and reduces overall harmonic distortion at the point of common connection PCC . The installation of an ANFIS controlled DVR is utilized to minimize voltage fluctuations induced by the integration of renewable energy sources and transmission line failures. With the aim of using renewable energy, a fake fault was introduced to power quality events. The ANFIS controlled DVR plan is in place to mitigate the negative impacts of power quality events. ANFIS controlled DVR is compared to a conventional surveillance method. Nonlinear loads generate voltage flickers and total harmonic distortion, therefore a distributed static compensator D STATCOM is employed to avoid these. It is recommended that D STATCOM use three control methods instantaneous power theory, synchronous vector PI control, and harmonic elimination. The D efficacy of STATCOMs is tested under severe load conditions. Various control methods will be used to evaluate and debate the proposed expert system and customized power devices. Rahul Gokhle | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques Using Custom Power Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46380.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46380/analysis-and-implementation-of-power-quality-enhancement-techniques-using-custom-power-devices/rahul-gokhle
A Review on Power Flexibility, Generation and Distribution Systemijtsrd
Distributed power generation is the latest field because of the ability to accommodate various types of Renewable alternative energy sources, its hidden potential to improve the energy efficiency and power system capability, and its promise for power reliability and security. Many distributed energy sources exist such solar energy, fuel cell, micro turbine, and wind energy. Distributed power generation concept has been implemented in various places with various degree of complexity. A comprehensive review on the distributed power generation is presented in this paper. Rahul Gokhle | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Power Flexibility, Generation and Distribution System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46379.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46379/a-review-on-power-flexibility-generation-and-distribution-system/rahul-gokhle
Matlab Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Based on Fast Dynamic Controlijtsrd
The paper is based on power quality with fast dynamic control having no isolation transformer. The concept is simulated using famous MATLAB tool and the proposed architecture is based on four switching devices only, forming two half bridge voltage source inverters one connected in parallel with the load and another one connected in series with the AC mains and both having the same DC link. Mujeeb Ullah Malik | Nipun Aggarwal "Matlab Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Based on Fast Dynamic Control" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29643.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29643/matlab-implementation-of-power-quality-improvement-based-on-fast-dynamic-control/mujeeb-ullah-malik
Mitigation of Power Quality Problems Using Custom Power Devices: A Reviewijeei-iaes
Electrical power quality (EPQ) in distribution systems is a critical issue for commercial, industrial and residential applications. The new concept of advanced power electronic based Custom Power Devices (CPDs) mainly distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) have been developed due to lacking the performance of traditional compensating devices to minimize power quality disturbances. This paper presents a comprehensive review on D-STATCOM, DVR and UPQC to solve the electrical power quality problems of the distribution networks. This is intended to present a broad overview of the various possible DSTATCOM, DVR and UPQC configurations for single-phase (two wire) and three-phase (three-wire and four-wire) networks and control strategies for the compensation of various power quality disturbances. Apart from this, comprehensive explanation, comparison, and discussion on D-STATCOM, DVR, and UPQC are presented. This paper is aimed to explore a broad prospective on the status of D-STATCOMs, DVRs, and UPQCs to researchers, engineers and the community dealing with the power quality enhancement. A classified list of some latest research publications on the topic is also appended for a quick reference.
GRID INTERCONNECTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AT DISTRIBUTION LEVEL WITH P...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This project presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/ Simulink simulation studies and validated through digital signal processor-based laboratory experimental results.
Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level Wi...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly
connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic
converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for
achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters
when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter
is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating
active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be
utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from
RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance,
load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished
either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the
combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire
linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling
appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control
concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation
studies and validated through digital signal processor-based
laboratory experimental results.
Index Terms—Active power filter
A Review on Power Flexibility, Generation and Distribution Systemijtsrd
Distributed power generation is the latest field because of the ability to accommodate various types of Renewable alternative energy sources, its hidden potential to improve the energy efficiency and power system capability, and its promise for power reliability and security. Many distributed energy sources exist such solar energy, fuel cell, micro turbine, and wind energy. Distributed power generation concept has been implemented in various places with various degree of complexity. A comprehensive review on the distributed power generation is presented in this paper. Rahul Gokhle | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Power Flexibility, Generation and Distribution System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46379.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46379/a-review-on-power-flexibility-generation-and-distribution-system/rahul-gokhle
Matlab Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Based on Fast Dynamic Controlijtsrd
The paper is based on power quality with fast dynamic control having no isolation transformer. The concept is simulated using famous MATLAB tool and the proposed architecture is based on four switching devices only, forming two half bridge voltage source inverters one connected in parallel with the load and another one connected in series with the AC mains and both having the same DC link. Mujeeb Ullah Malik | Nipun Aggarwal "Matlab Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Based on Fast Dynamic Control" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29643.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29643/matlab-implementation-of-power-quality-improvement-based-on-fast-dynamic-control/mujeeb-ullah-malik
Mitigation of Power Quality Problems Using Custom Power Devices: A Reviewijeei-iaes
Electrical power quality (EPQ) in distribution systems is a critical issue for commercial, industrial and residential applications. The new concept of advanced power electronic based Custom Power Devices (CPDs) mainly distributed static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) have been developed due to lacking the performance of traditional compensating devices to minimize power quality disturbances. This paper presents a comprehensive review on D-STATCOM, DVR and UPQC to solve the electrical power quality problems of the distribution networks. This is intended to present a broad overview of the various possible DSTATCOM, DVR and UPQC configurations for single-phase (two wire) and three-phase (three-wire and four-wire) networks and control strategies for the compensation of various power quality disturbances. Apart from this, comprehensive explanation, comparison, and discussion on D-STATCOM, DVR, and UPQC are presented. This paper is aimed to explore a broad prospective on the status of D-STATCOMs, DVRs, and UPQCs to researchers, engineers and the community dealing with the power quality enhancement. A classified list of some latest research publications on the topic is also appended for a quick reference.
GRID INTERCONNECTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AT DISTRIBUTION LEVEL WITH P...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This project presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/ Simulink simulation studies and validated through digital signal processor-based laboratory experimental results.
Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level Wi...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly
connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic
converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for
achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters
when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter
is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating
active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be
utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from
RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance,
load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished
either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the
combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire
linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling
appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control
concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation
studies and validated through digital signal processor-based
laboratory experimental results.
Index Terms—Active power filter
Renewable Energy Sources are being used in Off-Grid mode. By integrating all these sources to a common point energy efficiency can be improved and frequent dynamic faults can be avoided. This approach needs to implement smart grid and technologies.
A grid connected dual voltage source inverter with power quality improvement ...LeMeniz Infotech
A grid connected dual voltage source inverter with power quality improvement features
Do Your Projects With Technology Experts...
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Challenges and Benefits of Integrating the Renewable Energy Technologies into...Power System Operation
In the recent decent, renewable energy has been becoming one of the independent energy sources in human life, and it will be a major resources for the future generation of power. Today, some people tend to use renewable energy in their home or land such as solar or wind energy. Most of those have two inputs of the power source; the utility power supply and renewable energy power supply, so the integration of renewable technologies variable generation sources within Ac grid has been made, but this connection is not easily reachable. This paper will be reviewed the challenges and benefits of integrating renewable energy into power system grid. A review of the integration process will be introduced. Also, the paper will discuss some difficulties that face the integration such as power quality requirements that must be achieved to get this connection successfully. Forecasting of renewable energy such availability of power at any time, the amount of variation in power output, the speed of variation, and the location of RE source are other challenges that may obstruct the successful incorporation of renewable energy and the grid. In addition, the paper will briefly show a device that can be used in homes to achieve this connection. Finally, advantages of the integration for both the power utility and the green energy owner will be present, and how this integration can affect our environment. Solar energy and wind energy will be used in this paper as examples of renewable energy. Keywords: grid, green energy, integration, global warming, renewable energy RE
Optimal Siting And Sizing Of Distributed Generation For Radial Distribution S...inventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) and voltage-source converters, with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as a stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. Also, distributed FACTSs play an important role in improving the power factor, energy utilization, enhancing the power quality, and ensuring efficient energy utilization and energy management in grids. This paper presents a literature survey of FACTS technology tools and applications for power quality and efficient utilization of electric system. There are some drawbacks of FACTS devices. These drawbacks can be fulfilled by using new compound, scalable, light weighted and cost effective devices that are distributed-FACTS (D-FACTS). D-FACTS controllers are distributed version of conventional lumped FACTS controllers and their cost is low due to lower ratings of component and reliability also increases due to redundancy of devices. The Enhanced Power Flow Controller (EPFC) is a D-FACTS controller which is distributed version of thyristor controlled series controller. DPFC controllers are used in series at small distance gap at every 5-10 km distance with transmission line to control the power flow. This paper discusses extensive review of the DPFC controller and its application in modern power system era. Zeba Akram"A comprehensive review on D-FACTS devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11649.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11649/a-comprehensive-review-on-d-facts-devices/zeba-akram
As the rapid development of photovoltaic (PV) technology in recent years with the growth of electricity demand, integration of photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) to the distribution system is emerging to fulfil the demand. There are benefits and drawbacks to the distribution system due to the penetration of PVDG. This paper discussed and investigated the impacts of PVDG location and size on distribution power systems. The medium voltage distribution network is connected to the grid with the load being supplied by PVDG. Load flow and short circuit calculation are analyzed by using DigSILENT Power Factory Software. Comparisons have been made between the typical distribution system and the distribution system with the penetration of PVDG. Impacts in which PVDG location and size integrates with distribution system are investigated with the results given from the load flow and short circuit analysis. The results indicate positive impacts on the system interconnected with PVDG such as improving voltage profile, reducing power losses, releasing transmission and distribution grid capacity. It also shows that optimal locations and sizes of DGs are needed to minimize the system’s power losses. On the other hand, it shows that PVDG interconnection to the system can cause reverse power flow at improper DG size and location and increases short circuit level.
Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation on Radial Distribution System for...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Droop control method for parallel dc converters used in standalone pv wind po...eSAT Journals
Abstract The rising rate of consumption and price of fossil fuel along with environmental pollution by conventional power generation draw global attention to renewable energy sources and technology. Paper gives analysis study on current sharing issues of parallel DC converters in standalone photovoltaic (PV) WIND system. Solar wind power generating system with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique – incremental conductance method is used for the simulation analysis. The main drawbacks of parallel converters used in system are poor power sharing and voltage drop. The paper describes about instantaneous droop calculation considering effect of cable resistance using droop index to improve the power sharing performance. The control technique is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in PV- wind power generating system with MPPT and case study has been done on the control strategy and verifies the effectiveness of adaptive droop control on output converter voltage. Key Words: Microgrid; droop method; incremental conductance (Incond); maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
To Study and Implement Power Quality Issues and Power Enhancement Techniques ...ijtsrd
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, coal, and oil, traditional electricity generation has a difficult task for utilities. A cheaper and more efficient method of doing this is required. A different source is required to fulfill the consumers power requirements. The alternate source should be sustainable and capable of meeting the consumers requirements. The integration of renewable energy into the grid is a useful way to fulfill demand. Renewable energy integration confronts three major problems frequency variation, power quality concerns, and power system instability. The following problems were of critical importance. An analytic hierarchy approach based expert system is utilized to identify and categorize power quality incidents. Before, it could sense things like sag, swell, transients, harmonics, interrupts, and flickers. An error free event classification system has been suggested. Simplified procedure allows for improved detection and categorization of power quality incidents. an investigation of power quality incidents and their mitigation using unified power quality conditioners UPQC An Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System ANFIS is used to minimize various power quality issues. Integrating renewable energy sources efficiently minimizes the environmental impact. The suggested method provides a solution to voltage unbalances and lowers overall harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling PCC . The addition of an ANFIS controlled DVR is used to reduce voltage irregularities caused by integrating renewable energy sources and faults in the transmission line. An artificial fault was added to power quality events with the goal of making use of renewable energy. To minimize the adverse effects of power quality incidents, the ANFIS controlled DVR proposal is in place. ANFIS controlled DVR is contrasted to a traditional technique of surveillance. Distributed static compensator D STATCOM is used to prevent voltage flickers, and total harmonic distortion, caused by nonlinear loads. D STATCOM is suggested to use three control methods Instantaneous power theory, Synchronous vector PI Control, and Harmonic elimination. Under extreme load circumstances, the D efficacy STATCOMs is evaluated. The suggested expert system and the bespoke power devices will be analyzed and discussed using various control techniques. Raj Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "To Study and Implement Power Quality Issues and Power Enhancement Techniques Using Custom Power Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49300.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49300/to-study-and-implement-power-quality-issues-and-power-enhancement-techniques-using-custom-power-devices/raj-kumar
Analysis of Various Power Quality Issues of Wind Solar System – A Reviewijtsrd
This paper presents a review on grid Integration and power quality issues associated with the integration of renewable energy systems in to grid and Role of power electronic devices and Flexible AC Transmission Systems related to these Issues. In this paper, recent trends in power electronics for the integration of wind and photovoltaic PV power generators are presented. Discussions about common and future trends in renewable energy systems based on reliability and maturity of each technology are presented. Classification of various Power Quality Issues used by different researchers has been done and put for reference. Application of various techniques as applied to mitigate the different Power Quality problems is also presented for consideration. Power Electronics interface not only plays a very important role in efficient integration of Wind and Solar energy system but also to its effects on the power system operation especially where the renewable energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system capacity.However there are various issues related to grid integration of RES keeping in the view of aforesaid trends it becomes necessary to investigate the possible solutions for these issues. Nitish Agrawal | Dr. Manju Gupta | Neeti Dugaya "Analysis of Various Power Quality Issues of Wind/Solar System – A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47909.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47909/analysis-of-various-power-quality-issues-of-windsolar-system-–-a-review/nitish-agrawal
Renewable Energy Sources are being used in Off-Grid mode. By integrating all these sources to a common point energy efficiency can be improved and frequent dynamic faults can be avoided. This approach needs to implement smart grid and technologies.
A grid connected dual voltage source inverter with power quality improvement ...LeMeniz Infotech
A grid connected dual voltage source inverter with power quality improvement features
Do Your Projects With Technology Experts...
To Get this projects Call : 9566355386 / 99625 88976
Visit : www.lemenizinfotech.com / www.ieeemaster.com
Mail : projects@lemenizinfotech.com
Challenges and Benefits of Integrating the Renewable Energy Technologies into...Power System Operation
In the recent decent, renewable energy has been becoming one of the independent energy sources in human life, and it will be a major resources for the future generation of power. Today, some people tend to use renewable energy in their home or land such as solar or wind energy. Most of those have two inputs of the power source; the utility power supply and renewable energy power supply, so the integration of renewable technologies variable generation sources within Ac grid has been made, but this connection is not easily reachable. This paper will be reviewed the challenges and benefits of integrating renewable energy into power system grid. A review of the integration process will be introduced. Also, the paper will discuss some difficulties that face the integration such as power quality requirements that must be achieved to get this connection successfully. Forecasting of renewable energy such availability of power at any time, the amount of variation in power output, the speed of variation, and the location of RE source are other challenges that may obstruct the successful incorporation of renewable energy and the grid. In addition, the paper will briefly show a device that can be used in homes to achieve this connection. Finally, advantages of the integration for both the power utility and the green energy owner will be present, and how this integration can affect our environment. Solar energy and wind energy will be used in this paper as examples of renewable energy. Keywords: grid, green energy, integration, global warming, renewable energy RE
Optimal Siting And Sizing Of Distributed Generation For Radial Distribution S...inventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) and voltage-source converters, with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as a stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. Also, distributed FACTSs play an important role in improving the power factor, energy utilization, enhancing the power quality, and ensuring efficient energy utilization and energy management in grids. This paper presents a literature survey of FACTS technology tools and applications for power quality and efficient utilization of electric system. There are some drawbacks of FACTS devices. These drawbacks can be fulfilled by using new compound, scalable, light weighted and cost effective devices that are distributed-FACTS (D-FACTS). D-FACTS controllers are distributed version of conventional lumped FACTS controllers and their cost is low due to lower ratings of component and reliability also increases due to redundancy of devices. The Enhanced Power Flow Controller (EPFC) is a D-FACTS controller which is distributed version of thyristor controlled series controller. DPFC controllers are used in series at small distance gap at every 5-10 km distance with transmission line to control the power flow. This paper discusses extensive review of the DPFC controller and its application in modern power system era. Zeba Akram"A comprehensive review on D-FACTS devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11649.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11649/a-comprehensive-review-on-d-facts-devices/zeba-akram
As the rapid development of photovoltaic (PV) technology in recent years with the growth of electricity demand, integration of photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) to the distribution system is emerging to fulfil the demand. There are benefits and drawbacks to the distribution system due to the penetration of PVDG. This paper discussed and investigated the impacts of PVDG location and size on distribution power systems. The medium voltage distribution network is connected to the grid with the load being supplied by PVDG. Load flow and short circuit calculation are analyzed by using DigSILENT Power Factory Software. Comparisons have been made between the typical distribution system and the distribution system with the penetration of PVDG. Impacts in which PVDG location and size integrates with distribution system are investigated with the results given from the load flow and short circuit analysis. The results indicate positive impacts on the system interconnected with PVDG such as improving voltage profile, reducing power losses, releasing transmission and distribution grid capacity. It also shows that optimal locations and sizes of DGs are needed to minimize the system’s power losses. On the other hand, it shows that PVDG interconnection to the system can cause reverse power flow at improper DG size and location and increases short circuit level.
Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation on Radial Distribution System for...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Droop control method for parallel dc converters used in standalone pv wind po...eSAT Journals
Abstract The rising rate of consumption and price of fossil fuel along with environmental pollution by conventional power generation draw global attention to renewable energy sources and technology. Paper gives analysis study on current sharing issues of parallel DC converters in standalone photovoltaic (PV) WIND system. Solar wind power generating system with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique – incremental conductance method is used for the simulation analysis. The main drawbacks of parallel converters used in system are poor power sharing and voltage drop. The paper describes about instantaneous droop calculation considering effect of cable resistance using droop index to improve the power sharing performance. The control technique is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in PV- wind power generating system with MPPT and case study has been done on the control strategy and verifies the effectiveness of adaptive droop control on output converter voltage. Key Words: Microgrid; droop method; incremental conductance (Incond); maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
To Study and Implement Power Quality Issues and Power Enhancement Techniques ...ijtsrd
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, coal, and oil, traditional electricity generation has a difficult task for utilities. A cheaper and more efficient method of doing this is required. A different source is required to fulfill the consumers power requirements. The alternate source should be sustainable and capable of meeting the consumers requirements. The integration of renewable energy into the grid is a useful way to fulfill demand. Renewable energy integration confronts three major problems frequency variation, power quality concerns, and power system instability. The following problems were of critical importance. An analytic hierarchy approach based expert system is utilized to identify and categorize power quality incidents. Before, it could sense things like sag, swell, transients, harmonics, interrupts, and flickers. An error free event classification system has been suggested. Simplified procedure allows for improved detection and categorization of power quality incidents. an investigation of power quality incidents and their mitigation using unified power quality conditioners UPQC An Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System ANFIS is used to minimize various power quality issues. Integrating renewable energy sources efficiently minimizes the environmental impact. The suggested method provides a solution to voltage unbalances and lowers overall harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling PCC . The addition of an ANFIS controlled DVR is used to reduce voltage irregularities caused by integrating renewable energy sources and faults in the transmission line. An artificial fault was added to power quality events with the goal of making use of renewable energy. To minimize the adverse effects of power quality incidents, the ANFIS controlled DVR proposal is in place. ANFIS controlled DVR is contrasted to a traditional technique of surveillance. Distributed static compensator D STATCOM is used to prevent voltage flickers, and total harmonic distortion, caused by nonlinear loads. D STATCOM is suggested to use three control methods Instantaneous power theory, Synchronous vector PI Control, and Harmonic elimination. Under extreme load circumstances, the D efficacy STATCOMs is evaluated. The suggested expert system and the bespoke power devices will be analyzed and discussed using various control techniques. Raj Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "To Study and Implement Power Quality Issues and Power Enhancement Techniques Using Custom Power Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49300.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49300/to-study-and-implement-power-quality-issues-and-power-enhancement-techniques-using-custom-power-devices/raj-kumar
Analysis of Various Power Quality Issues of Wind Solar System – A Reviewijtsrd
This paper presents a review on grid Integration and power quality issues associated with the integration of renewable energy systems in to grid and Role of power electronic devices and Flexible AC Transmission Systems related to these Issues. In this paper, recent trends in power electronics for the integration of wind and photovoltaic PV power generators are presented. Discussions about common and future trends in renewable energy systems based on reliability and maturity of each technology are presented. Classification of various Power Quality Issues used by different researchers has been done and put for reference. Application of various techniques as applied to mitigate the different Power Quality problems is also presented for consideration. Power Electronics interface not only plays a very important role in efficient integration of Wind and Solar energy system but also to its effects on the power system operation especially where the renewable energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system capacity.However there are various issues related to grid integration of RES keeping in the view of aforesaid trends it becomes necessary to investigate the possible solutions for these issues. Nitish Agrawal | Dr. Manju Gupta | Neeti Dugaya "Analysis of Various Power Quality Issues of Wind/Solar System – A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47909.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47909/analysis-of-various-power-quality-issues-of-windsolar-system-–-a-review/nitish-agrawal
The concept of injecting photovoltaic power into the utility grid has earned widespread acceptance in these days of renewable energy generation & distribution. Grid-connected inverters have evolved significantly with high diversity. Efficiency, size, weight, reliability etc. have all improved significantly with the development of modern and innovative inverter configurations and these factors have influenced the cost of producing inverters. This paper presents a literature review of the recent technological developments and trends in the Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems (GCPVS). In countries with high penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) resources, GCPVS have been shown to cause unwanted stress on the electrical grid. A review of the existing and future standards that addresses the technical challenges associated with the growing number of GCPVS is presented. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Solar Tracking (ST) and the use of transform-less inverters can all lead to high efficiency gains of Photovoltaic (PV) systems while ensuring minimal interference with the grid. Inverters that support ancillary services like reactive power control, frequency regulation and energy storage are critical for mitigating the challenges caused by the growing adoption of GCPVS. Anjali | Gourav Sharma"A Review on Grid-Connected PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2195.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/2195/a-review-on-grid-connected-pv-system/anjali
Distributed energy units cannot be directly integrated into the power grid due to their inherently varying output. An interfacing technology is required. The power electronic interface is used for connecting distributed energy resources to the smart grid. It can also be used in any type of electric vehicles. It does not store energy in its circuitry. It receives power from the distributed energy source and converts it to power at the required voltage and frequency. This paper provides a brief introduction on power electronic interface. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa "Power Electronic Interface" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29394.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29394/power-electronic-interface/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Various Custom Power Devices for Power Quality Improvement A Reviewijtsrd
Power electronic devices form a major part in today’s industrial and household applications. However, the power quality of these devices is highly degraded due to lot of reasons including voltage fluctuation and flicker, harmonics, transients, voltage imbalance, and many more. These voltage disturbances lead to maximum failures in electrical distribution systems. In this review paper, various techniques including both network reconfiguring and compensating type devices are discussed to ameliorate the power quality in the distribution systems. Various power quality issues and their characteristics have been depicted. Some of the techniques discussed to improve the power quality in distribution systems which include filters, unified power quality conditioner UPQC , dynamic voltage restorer DVR , and distribution static synchronous compensator D STATCOM . The design parameters and implementation of these techniques in electrical machines are also discussed. Mukesh Chandra Rav | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Various Custom Power Devices for Power Quality Improvement: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49829.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49829/various-custom-power-devices-for-power-quality-improvement-a-review/mukesh-chandra-rav
PV to Grid Connected Cascaded T type Multilevel Inverter with Improved Harmon...ijtsrd
Multilevel inverters act as a promising solution for medium voltage, high power applications due to their modularity and reduced voltage stress across the switches. Cascaded T Bridge Multilevel Inverters CTB MLI are being considered as the best choice for grid connected Photovoltaic PV systems since they require several sources on the DC side. By means of MLI’s, high quality output with less harmonic distortion is obtained compared to a two level inverter. In this work, a comparative analysis of three levels of MLI’s is presented. Control scheme based on Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation SPWM is adopted due to its ease of implementation. More number of levels results in reduced THD and nearly sinusoidal output. Simulation is performed using MATLAB Simulink. Md Janish Alam | Mr. Sarvesh Pratap Singh "PV to Grid Connected Cascaded T-type Multilevel Inverter with Improved Harmonic Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52629.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/52629/pv-to-grid-connected-cascaded-ttype-multilevel-inverter-with-improved-harmonic-performance/md-janish-alam
Grid Connected PV System with Power Quality Improvement Using Intelligent Con...IJMTST Journal
The depletion of the fossil fuel resources and the global warming effects has led the world to think
seriously of other alternative sources of energy. So renewable energy resources (RES) are being connected to
the distribution systems, mostly done by using power electronic converters. But use of power electronic
converters and non-linear loads like at distribution level injects harmonics, which intern cause power quality
problems. Distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is very popular in compensating power problems for
nonlinear and unbalanced loads. Any change in the load affects the DC-link voltage (DCLV) directly.
Conventionally, a PI controller is used to maintain the DCLV to the reference value, but its transient response
is poor. So, fuzzy logic controller is proposed which shows better dynamic response. To trigger inverter HCC
is used. The proposed inverter with the control when connected to wind energy, helps the 3-phase 4-wire
linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appear as balanced linear load to the grid.
With MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies, the proposed control technique is demonstrated and evaluated
here.
Role of UPQC in Distributed Generation Power System: A Reviewijtsrd
The ever increasing share of renewable energy sources (RERs) in the todays scenario, the power grids are suffering from poor power quality due to the intermittent nature of wind and solar based power generating units. The led to extensive research in the field of power quality especially in voltage and frequency regulations Distributed generation involving RERs has become more popular in recent years due to technological advancement and has been started increasingly used in industry. It has become more important to understand the integration of these systems through PE interface with the existing electric power systems networks. At the same time, high frequency switching of Power Electronic interface has caused major Power Quality concerns, which has been tackled with the help of Custom power devices interfaces that has allowed DG to offers various benefits like ability to provide ancillary services, increased energy efficiency, increased functionality through improved power quality and voltage/VAR support, improved electrical system reliability by reducing the fault contributions, and flexibility in operations with various other DE sources. DG also allows the customer to have a choice while it reduces the overall interconnection costs. This paper focuses on widespread use of DG through various Renewable Energy Sources, Power Quality issues associated with the use of Power Electronic interface and use of various Custom Power Devices to improve Power Quality. It particularly evaluates the role of UPQC-DG in various modes of DG in following PQ standards. Sajid Bashir | Gagan Deep Yadav"Role of UPQC in Distributed Generation Power System: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11356.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11356/role-of-upqc-in-distributed-generation-power-system-a-review/sajid-bashir
Single core configurations of saturated core fault current limiter performanc...IJECEIAES
Economic growth with industrialization and urbanization lead to an extensive increase in power demand. It forced the utilities to add power generating facilities to cause the necessary demand-generation balance. The bulk power generating stations, mostly interconnected, with the penetration of distributed generation result in an enormous rise in the fault level of power networks. It necessitates for electrical utilities to control the fault current so that the existing switchgear can continue its services without upgradation or replacement for reliable supply. The deployment of fault current limiter (FCL) at the distribution and transmission networks has been under investigation as a potential solution to the problem. A saturated core fault current limiter (SCFCL) technology is a smart, scalable, efficient, reliable, and commercially viable option to manage fault levels in existing and future MV/HV supply systems. This paper presents the comparative performance analysis of two single-core SCFCL topologies impressed with different core saturations. It has demonstrated that the single AC winding configuration needs more bias power for affecting the same current limiting performance with an acceptable steady-state voltage drop contribution. The fault state impedance has a transient nature, and the optimum bias selection is a critical design parameter in realizing the SCFCL applications.
Exponential growth in the energy demand on account of rising population and economic growth,
increasing apprehensions of energy security coupled with climate change and global warming concerns are some
of the major drivers for pushing the renewable energy (RE) to the top of the energy portfolio. Among various
renewable energy resources, wind and solar PV systems are experiencing rapid growth since 2010. By the end of
2016, the world total capacity of wind power generation was 487 GW and that of solar PV was 303 GW,
aggregating to a penetration level of 4.0% and 1.5% respectively. Global renewable energy penetration till Dec.
2016, excluding conventional hydro share (of 16.6%) was only around 8.0%. However, many countries have set
target of 30% RE based electricity generation by 2030. India has an ambitious target of achieving 175 GW of RE
power by 2022, with 100 GW from solar, 60 GW from wind, 10 GW from biomass and 5 GW from small hydro.
Power generation from renewables often takes place through distributed generation (DG). These units, mostly
located in remote locations, are not centrally planned or dispatched, and are usually connected to distribution grids
at LV or MV levels. In few cases, large capacity RE generation are also connected to transmission networks. As a
result, the power generation structure is moving from the large, centralized plants to a mixed generation pool
consisting of traditional large plants and many smaller DG units. Most of the RE generators have electrical
characteristics that are different from the synchronous machines. Since a large group of DG technologies use
power electronics converters for grid connectivity, they introduce many technical issues related to the operation,
control and protection of the power system, impacting generators, transmission system and consumer devices.
This paper presents some of the technical issues and challenges that need to be addressed for the effective
grid integration of RE based power generators so that eventually, our reliance on polluting and expensive fossilbased
hydro-carbon driven power generation can be reduced substantially.
Power Quality Improvement in Off-Grid Renewable Energy Based Power System usi...ijtsrd
The increasing trend in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into off-grid power system presents major challenges from the viewpoints of reliable operation and control. In this paper, the major problems and challenges in off-grid power system control are discussed, and a review of control strategies and trends is presented. A general overview of the main control is also included. The paper classifies power quality improvement strategies into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary, where primary and secondary levels are associated with the operation of the off-grid power system itself, and tertiary level pertains to the coordinated operation of the power system. Each control level is discussed in detail in view of the relevant existing technical literature Irfan Khan | Ameen Uddin Ahmad"Power Quality Improvement in Off-Grid Renewable Energy Based Power System using Different Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2533.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/2533/power-quality-improvement-in-off-grid-renewable-energy-based-power-system-using-different-method/irfan-khan
Power Quality Parameters Measurement Techniquesidescitation
Power quality (PQ) issue has attained considerable
attention in the last decade due to large penetration of power
electronics based loads and/or microprocessor based controlled
loads. On one hand these devices introduce power quality
problem and on other hand these mal-operate due to the
induced power quality problems. PQ disturbances/events cover
a broad frequency range with significantly different magnitude
variations and can be non-stationary, thus, accurate techniques
are required to identify and classify these events/disturbances.
This paper presents a comprehensive overview of different
techniques used for PQ events’ classifications, parameters.
Various artificial intelligent techniques which are used in
PQ event classification are also discussed. Major Key issues
and challenges in classifying PQ events are critically
examined and outlined. In this paper, the main Power Quality
(PQ) problems are presented with their associated causes and
consequences. The economic impacts associated with PQ are
characterized. Finally, some solutions to mitigate the PQ
problems are presented.
Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques in Hybrid...ijtsrd
With the growth in global warming, renewable energy based distributed generators DGs play a prominent role in power generation. Wind, solar energy, biomass, mini hydro, and the usage of fuel cells and microturbines will provide substantial impetus in the near future. Environmental friendliness, expandability, and flexibility have made distributed generation, powered by a variety of renewable and unconventional energy sources, an appealing alternative for building contemporary electrical systems. A microgrid is made up of a group of loads and dispersed generators that work together to form a single controlled system. Microgrids, as an integrated energy delivery system, may function in tandem with or independently of the main power grid. The microgrid idea reduces the number of reverse conversions in a single AC or DC grid while also making it easier to link variable renewable AC and DC sources and loads to power systems. The connectivity of DGs to the utility grid through power electronic converters has raised concerns regarding equipment safety and protection. The microgrid may be configured to fulfil the customers specific needs, such as greater local dependability, reduced feeder losses, local voltage support, greater efficiency via waste heat usage, voltage sag correction, or uninterruptible power supply. The performance of a hybrid AC DC microgrid system in grid tethered mode is examined in this paper. For the creation of a microgrid, a solar system, a wind turbine generator, and a battery are utilized. Control methods are also included to allow the converters to appropriately coordinate the AC sub grid with the DC sub grid. The MATLAB SIMULINK environment was used to achieve the findings. Tarun Jaiswal | Ashish Bhargava "Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques in Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46296.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46296/analysis-and-implementation-of-power-quality-enhancement-techniques-in-hybrid-acdc-microgrid/tarun-jaiswal
A Review on Power Quality Issues and their Mitigation Techniques in Microgrid...ijtsrd
Power Quality is playing an increasingly significant role both at supply and demand sides. With the advent of participation of private players in distribution systems, the power quality is expected to be the pivotal decisive factor before the consumers. Due to ever growing application of switching devices, the power quality is bound to get deteriorated, at the same time such devices are also prone to malfunction due to poor power quality. The world is driven by the carbon emission to replace the conventional generation by as much renewable generation as possible. The above situation has attracted the attention of researchers to identify and suggest the mitigation techniques of power quality issue’s for improving the performance of microgrid containing renewable energy resources. An attempt has been made to comprehensively present a review of the research carried out thusfar. Anita Chaudhery | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Power Quality Issues and their Mitigation Techniques in Microgrid System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49299.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49299/a-review-on-power-quality-issues-and-their-mitigation-techniques-in-microgrid-system/anita-chaudhery
Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected PV SystemYogeshIJTSRD
In today’s scenario, renewable energy based applications are increasing due to the global warming issue and increase in the prices of fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources RES like sun, biomass, air, water etc. are environmental friendly and have plenty of potential that can be utilized in power generation. However, RES have a problem of intermittent in nature that can be conquered presently by combining RES known as hybrid system that can provide the reliable, economic and environment friendly electricity. The increased penetration of grid connected renewable energy sources has an impact on the grid power quality in particular weak grids. Voltage fluctuation, frequency fluctuation and harmonics are major power quality issues. Muhammad Shahid | MD Ejaz Ali "Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43761.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43761/modeling-and-simulation-of-grid-connected-pv-system/muhammad-shahid
Similar to Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques Using Custom Power Devices (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD46380 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 85
and safe power system operation and maintenance,
while also keeping track of modernization.
1.1. DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES
The phrase "distributed energy resource" (DER)
refers to a broad category of energy resources that
includes renewable energy producers, batteries, and
electric cars (EVs). These resources are supplied
through low voltage feeders at client locations. While
the term distributed generator (DG) refers to an
electric power source that is directly linked to the
distribution network or is located on the customer
side of the meter. It is becoming more popular as a
result of its low cost and global environmental
consciousness. As a consequence, the operational
structure of low voltage distribution networks is
undergoing change. Despite the fact that current data
show that DG connections range between 0.45 and
10.86 percent of average load, DG penetration in LV
networks may reach 100 percent of average load in
the next decades [2]. Photovoltaic (PV) cells are
expected to overtake reciprocating engines and wind
turbines as the primary method of distributed
generation between 2010 and 2020 [2]. In addition to
this, other types of distributed generators such as
microturbines, biogas engines, and fuel cells will be
widely accessible [2]. The installation of these will
fundamentally transform the character of the LV
networks, since each LV section will resemble a
small power system. Furthermore, these networks will
no longer be radial, necessitating significant changes
in their security hardware and tactics.
Despite the availability of a substantial mix of
nuclear, hydro, and wind energy, traditional fossil
fuel-based power production (e.g., coal, natural gas)
remains the primary source of power generation. Coal
and gas plants produce greenhouse gases, whereas
nuclear facilities are deemed hazardous. Furthermore,
hydro plants are heavily reliant on geographical
topography. Electric power production based on
renewable sources, on the other hand, is often referred
to as ecologically beneficial green electricity. Figures
1.1 and 1.2 depict the diagrams of energy production
using conventional and green power, respectively.
Table 1.1 lists the power generating capabilities.
DG units are used in a variety of applications in
electrical systems, depending on the system's
structure, such as:
Fig 1.1: Power Generation through convention energy sources
Fig 1.2: Power Generation through Renewable energy sources
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD46380 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 86
1.2. POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS
The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Standard (IEEE Std 1100) defines power quality as “the idea
of powering and grounding sensitive electronic equipment in a way appropriate for the equipment” [9]. “Power
Quality is a set of electrical limits that enables a piece of equipment to operate in its intended way without
substantial loss of performance or life expectancy,” according to a more succinct definition [10]. Primarily,
power quality at the transmission and distribution levels relates to voltage remaining between +/- 5% [11]. It is
suggested that the voltage violation be corrected within 2 seconds of its occurrence [12]. Poor power quality has
an impact on an electrical device's performance and life expectancy. They are both inextricably linked to the
voltage, current, and frequency delivered to the electrical equipment [10]. An ideal distribution system is
intended to have pure sinusoidal voltage and current waveforms of fundamental frequency, with the amplitude of
the voltage remaining within certain predefined limits. The majority of power quality issues arise in the
distribution system network, particularly when the majority of the system is comprised of overhead wires rather
than subterranean cables. There may be many natural causes for the disruption, such as contact of the lines with
each other, particularly on windy days, or due to birds or contact of tree branches with wires, cutting of the lines
owing to falling trees or branches, lightings, and so on. All of these contribute to power quality problems in the
network. Switching on and off huge loads, particularly massive electrical motors in industry, and power
electronic devices utilized in Electronic devices, capacitor or inductive bank operation and switching,
transformers, and so on [10, 13]. This thesis considers the following power quality events:
Voltage Fluctuation: Voltage variation (such as sag, swell, or interruption) with a length less than one minute
is classified as short time voltage variation, whereas voltage variation with a period more than one minute is
classified as long time voltage variation [10, 13]. Voltage fluctuations may cause damage to consumer
appliances as well as other power quality issues as a byproduct.
Electricity Factor and Reactive Power: According to the IEEE Recommended Practice for Photovoltaic (PV)
System Utility Interface, all PVs must inject power at unity power factor [14]. This PV injection raises the
voltage at the connecting point and introduces nonlinearity into the system. However, by controlling the PVs'
reactive power, the voltage at the connection point may be adjusted. Ideally, reactive power should be
produced near to the demand to compensate for it, freeing up greater capacity on the network's conductors
and transformers [10].Despite the fact that certain power quality issues are caused by power electronic loads,
the usage of power electronics as a remedy to these issues is also extremely popular [10]. The
aforementioned issues will be addressed in this research, and mitigating strategies will be suggested. All of
the devices utilized in mitigation will be VSC-based. It should be mentioned that PV is the most common
kind of small size DG unit at the moment. As a result, the words DER, DG, and PV are used interchangeably
throughout this thesis.
1.3. SOLAR ENERGY AND LOAD MANAGEMENT
Solar energy is utilized in two ways –solar photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal. PV is the most prominent
renewable energy sources used in low voltage feeders. A PVs cell work on the I-V characteristics of the
elements used in their production The I-V characteristic PV system can be expressed as [16]:
where, V and I(V) are the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic array; Vmax is the rated open circuit
voltage of PV array when the light amount is the highest, Imax is the maximum current; b is the index constants;
α is the light intensity percentage of photovoltaic cells; γ is a linear factor dependent on Vmax. PV can be off
grid, grid connected or grid-connected centralized. Regardless of the connection strategy they follow, power
electronic interface is needed for PVs for network connection. Usually both dc-dc and dc-ac converters are used.
Among the inverters used, the popular types are “central inverters”, “Module integrated or module oriented
inverters”, “String inverters” and “Multi string inverters” [17].From the I-V characteristic relation, it can be seen
that the output power of PV is not controlled. Rather it is dependent on instantaneous power from the sun.
Though advantageous, integration of PV creates several technical problems to the existing network such as
harmonics, voltage profile and power loss. Some of these are investigated in [18-20]. Several studies on the
voltage violation due to PV integration have been conducted [21-24]. The studies have been carried out at
different countries on different geographic location. From all these studies it is found that distributed networks
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with PVs faces two types of voltage problems. In the evening when network is in peak hour, the residential load
increases while the power output of PVs diminishes. As a result, voltage drop occurs throughout the network. On
the other hand, at noon, the PVs are at the peak of their power generation, while the residential loads are at their
minimum level. This may lead to an increase in voltage. In [25], it has been found that if the PV rating does not
exceed 2.5 kW, the voltage in the network is not adversely affected even with the worst case scenario. But it is
not practical to restrict the PV rating because PV rating will be bigger with the advancement of technology and
the increased market availability. A comprehensive study on Australian network is reported in [26] and the
results show that there is significant voltage rise, feeder loss, voltage unbalance and reverse power flow during
midday. A mitigation strategy for neutral current is proposed in [27] using energy storage to balance the power
injections into the grid and the power imports from the grid in the three phases. Along with changing the voltage
level ofthe network, high (20% or higher) penetration of PV increases voltage imbalance. In[28–30], different
VU measurement and calculation methods based on line or phase voltages in three phase and three- and four-
wire systems were investigated. From[31], the voltage unbalance can be calculated as
where V1 and V2 are the positive and negative sequence voltages, respectively. Minor voltage imbalance may
be ignored if the system contains mainly single-phase loads. It may, however, create severe problems for three-
phase loads (motors for pumps, elevator etc). Voltage imbalance was investigated in [32] using PV placed on a
single feeder. The results indicate that the PV installation has only a small impact on the voltage imbalance at
the start of an LV feeder. However, it rises to more than 2% at the feeder's end, which is unacceptable by most
standards. Some research suggested remedies to this imbalance issue. In [33], an energy storage-based control
method is used to reduce voltage imbalance in a distribution network. [34] proposes a technique for evaluating
voltage variation sensitivity owing to PV power fluctuations in an unbalanced network, as well as a solution
based on the unbalanced line characteristics and realizing the network's potential. It should be emphasized that
voltage/current imbalance is determined by the voltage quantity, which is linked to the bus voltages where the
PVs are connected indirectly. As a result, the main emphasis of this thesis has been voltage quality control. The
voltages are maintained below the permissible limits of 0.05 per unit by using different mitigating techniques
(pu). Rooftop PVs are placed for a typical home distribution network. haphazardly across distribution systems
[35] does a stochastic study of two actual LV networks in the North West of England for various PV penetration
levels. It has been shown that voltage issues in long lines with heavy load may begin as early as 40% PV
penetration. This image may vary based on the area's geographic location and demographics. Several techniques
for reducing voltage increase due to PV penetration have previously been proposed and researched.
1.4. CUSTOM POWER DEVICES (CPDs)
There are two basic models of CPDs – one is connected in shunt and the other one connected in series [10]. The
device which is connected in shunt is named as a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) and the series
connected device is named a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). Voltage source converter (VSC) is the basic
building block of both these devices. The dc bus of the DSTATCOM VSC is equipped with a dc storage
capacitor, while the dc bus of the DVR can have a storage capacitor. In this study, it is assumed that CPDs can
supply some amount of power to the system. So instead of a capacitor, a battery has been used. It serves two
purposes – its more easy control and can supply/absorb real power. The batteries can be kept fully charged by
drawing a predefined amount of power from the grid.
1.4.1. DISTRIBUTED STATCOM (DSTATCOM)
The schematic diagram of a DSTATCOM structure is shown in Fig. 1.3. This can perform, power factor
correction, load compensation load balancing and harmonic filtering. The DSTATCOM can be operated in
current control mode or voltage control mode. These are discussed briefly below:
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Fig. 1.3: Schematic diagram of DSTATCOM.
Current Control Mode: To remove imbalance or distortions in the source current, the DSTATCOM injects an
unbalanced and harmonically distorted current in the current control mode [55]. In Fig. 1.3, is represents the
source current, iL represents the load current, and if represents the current injected by the DSTATCOM. The
voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) is denoted by vp. If KCL at PCC is given, it is iL. (1.3) If iL is
unbalanced and has harmonics, the source current will be imbalanced and have harmonics as well. However, if
the DSTATCOM injects a current with the harmonic components of the load (if), the source current will be
harmonics free and will only have a fundamental component. This is shown in Fig. 1.4. Furthermore, power
factor adjustments and current balancing may be accomplished via the injection of it.
Fig. 1.4: Current correction by DSTATCOM.
Now if the source voltage (vs) is fundamental and the DSTATCOM makes is fundamental, the PCC voltage (vp)
will be also fundamental and free of harmonics. If the load is connected through a feeder with source, the current
and voltage at PCC will have harmonics due to DSTATCOM VSC switching. To avoid this, suitable passive
filters need to be added and the control scheme need to be modified [56].Two different multi-level inverter
structures are presented for high power DSTATCOM applications [57].Voltage Control Mode: In voltage
control mode the PCC voltage (vp) is controlled and made balanced. As a result, the current in between the
source and the PCC, is also becomes balanced [58]. It is shown in [59] that DSTATCOM can be flexibly
operated in both voltage and current control mode. Necessary hardware topology and control algorithm is
derived for that. The concept of custom power park where voltage is tightly regulated by a diesel-generator
backed DSTATCOM is discussed in [60]. This also enables supplying sensitive load during outage and increase
reliability. Both of these modes of operation are discussed in detailed in later chapters.
1.4.2. DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER (DVR)
A DVR is a series-connected device with the structure shown in Fig. 1.5. DVR is used to protect critical loads
against sag/swell and supply-side disruptions. This is achieved via the use of instantaneous series voltage
injection. The voltage at the load side may be precisely regulated by a DVR [61]. It may also function as an
active filter in the medium voltage range [62]. If the supply side has an imbalanced sag/swell, the DVR may
have to inject unbalanced voltages to maintain the voltage at the load. To offset voltage harmonics, it may also
inject a distorted voltage. Figure 1.6 depicts typical voltage waveforms with DVR use. To eliminate any power
supply or absorption by DVR, a DC capacitor may be used instead of a DC source to power the DVR [63]. [64]
compares the performance of a VSC-based shunt with a series compensator. It was discovered that DVR has
excellent bandwidth and attenuation characteristics, and that with a powerful stiff source, DSTATCOM cannot
adjust the load bus voltage in this situation.
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Fig. 1.5: Schematic diagram of DVR.
Fig. 1.6: Voltage correction by DSTATCOM.
1.4.3. UNIFIED POWER QUALITY CONDITIONER (UPQC)
Figure 1.7 depicts a schematic representation of a UPFC. This is a DSTATCOM and DVR combo linked to a
shared DC bus. In a dual control mode, the UPQC is a highly flexible device that can inject current in shunt and
voltage in series at the same time. As a result, it can adjust for the load while also controlling the voltage. The
UPQC, like DSTATCOM or DVR, may inject unbalanced and distorted voltages and currents.
Fig.1.7 Schematic diagram of UPQC
2. LITERATURE REVIEW:
“Xin Chen; Emiliano Dall’Anese; Changhong Zhao; Na Li Distribution systems are anticipated to be capable
of providing capacity support for the transmission grid as a result of large-scale integration of distributed energy
resources (DERs). This article investigates distribution-level power aggregation methods for transmission-
distribution interaction in order to efficiently harness the collective flexibility from large DER devices. This
article, in particular, provides a technique for modeling and quantifying aggregate power flexibility in
imbalanced distribution systems over time, i.e., the net power injection possible at the substation. The suggested
approach provides an effective approximate feasible area of net power injection by using network restrictions
and multi-phase unbalanced modeling. It is shown that a viable disaggregation solution exists for any aggregate
power trajectory inside this area. Furthermore, a distributed model predictive control (MPC) framework is
created for the actual implementation of the transmission-distribution relationship. Finally, we show the
suggested method's performance using numerical testing on a real-world distribution feeder with 126 multi-
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phase nodes. Due to its non-dispatch ability, a distribution grid is traditionally regarded as an equal passive load
in transmission system operation [1]. In the last decade, there has been a fast growth of distributed energy
resources (DERs) in distribution networks, particularly photovoltaic (PV) production, energy storage (ES), and
demand response. As the penetration of dispatch able DERs grows, considerable flexibility is being introduced
into energy distribution, transforming the distribution networks from passive to active [2]. The power flexibility
of distribution systems, like that of transmission systems, refers to the additional power capacity that may be
dispatched to ensure safe and efficient system operation, particularly in the event of a crisis. Distribution
flexibility is supplied by a large number of diverse DERs, as opposed to large-scale spinning and non-spinning
reserves in transmission networks. Although each DER typicallyhas a modest capacity, the coordinated dispatch
of ubiquitous DERs is capable of providing substantial flexibility assistance, allowing distribution systems to
actively participate in transmission system operation. Power networks may fully utilize potential flexibilityand
achieve better efficiency and resilience by using coordinated transmission-distribution dispatch.
Smit Solanki; Mihir Trivedi; Poornesh Rawal; Siddharthsingh K. Chauhan; P. N. Tekwani Because of the
recent increase in power consumption, an intensively integrated penetration of distributed generation (DG) has
become a need. Because of its excellent controllability, grid-connected inverter-based DG is gaining popularity.
Voltage imbalance is sometimes seen at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) owing to changing needs of
active-reactive power injection by the DG into the Grid. This article describes the implementation of two
alternative grid-tied inverter topologies: traditional two-level three-phase four-wire and three-level T-type
Neutral Point Clamped (T-NPC) based DG, both controlled by a three-phase damping control method. The
simulation experiments provided show that both of these inverter topologies provide excellent operational
management for DG under a variety of operating circumstances. The main purpose of DG is examined, which is
to inject electricity into the grid and reduce the load on the traditional generating system. This article describes
the effective behavior of the proposed two-level and three-level DGs without causing voltage imbalance. The
imbalance index and total harmonic distortion (THD) for PCC voltages and currents are examined in detail. In
addition, the performance of both proposed DGs for meeting load requirements while operating in islanding
mode is given. The reported findings for single-phase asymmetric faults and three-phase symmetric faults show
that DGs have adequate voltage compensation capabilities. The primary characteristics of the proposed DG
systems are low voltage ride through capability, reduced imbalance index, and THD within standard norms.
Distributed power production encompasses a broad range of methods for producing electricity at a localized
level using renewable or non-renewable energy resources in an ecologically acceptable manner. Distributed
Generation (DG) effectively delivers dependable, low-cost, high-quality electricity while increasing flexibility.
Because of its closeness to the end user, it offers a low-cost transmission option with minimal line losses. The
DG is often implemented utilizing renewable energy sources because to the growing demand, simple
availability, and eco-friendly nature of renewable electricity. This has enabled renewable energy-based DG to
function as a possible backup supply for the localized micro-grid in the event of a main grid breakdown [1], [2].
Grid-connected inverters aid in the implementation of DG systems based on renewable energy sources.
Photovoltaic-based DG are increasingly widely used owing to their simplicity of installation and operation. In
the case of photovoltaic-based DG, the primary purpose of the grid-tied inverter is to produce output voltage that
is of the right magnitude and phase with the grid. A wind turbine-based grid-tied system, on the other hand,
offers isolation between two distinct frequencies, namely the changing mechanical frequency of the wind turbine
and the relatively constant electrical (power) frequency [3].
3. PRINCIPLE OF DSTATCOM:
There are two basic models of CPDs – one is connected in shunt and the other one connected in series [10]. The
device which is connected in shunt is named as a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) and the series
connected device is named a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). Voltage source converter (VSC) is the basic
building block of both these devices.
The dc bus of the DSTATCOM VSC is equipped with a dc storage capacitor, while the dc bus of the DVR can
have a storage capacitor. In this study, it is assumed that CPDs can supply some amount of power to the system.
So instead of a capacitor, a battery has been used. It serves two purposes – its easier control and can
supply/absorb real power. The batteries can be kept fully charged by drawing a predefined amount of power
from the grid.[6]
3.1. Introduction
As electric power is need of every industry. These industries have different types of loads. Some of the loads are
very sensitive and need pure power or good quality of power otherwise the loads are effective by power quality
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of power for example, the problem of voltage sags can affect sensitive loads. However, there are no specific
standards for different categories of equipment, except in the case of data processing equipment. Only Computer
Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (CBEMA) has developed the CBEMA curve which describes
the tolerance of main frame computers to the magnitude and duration of voltage variations on the power
systems. Most of the Computer companies have their different tolerance but the CBEMA curve has become a
standard design target for sensitive equipment and also a common format for reporting power quality
variations.[5]
3.2. CUSTOM POWER DEVICES
The introduction of power electronic loads has raised much concern about power quality problems caused by
harmonics, distortions, interruptions, and surges. The use of electronic devices increases the power quality
problem Equipment such as large industrial drives (e.g., cycloconverters) generate significantly high voltage and
current (inter-, sub-) harmonics and create extensive voltage fluctuation. The addition of electronic devices is
addition to power quality problem.
The application of harmonic filters and SVCs to radial transmission systems can offer partial solution to high
THD levels and voltage fluctuations. Yet, the lack of dynamic capabilities of these devices limits them to bulk
correction. In addition, they might be effective in one application but fail to correct other power quality issues.
3.2.1. Distributed STATCOM (DSTATCOM)
The distribution STATCOM is similar to a transmission STATCOM in that it uses a VSC of the required rating.
However, the VSC used in a DSTATCOM is a Type 1 converter with PWM control over the magnitude of the
injected AC voltage while maintaining a constant DC voltage across the capacitor. Faster power semiconductor
devices such as IGBT or IGCT are used instead of GTO. The rapid switching capability provided by IGBT (or
IGCT) switches enable the use of more sophisticated control schemes to provide functions of balancing (by
injecting negative sequence current), active filtering (by injecting harmonic currents) and flicker mitigation. A
DSTATCOM can be viewed as a variable current source determined by the control functions. To increase the
dynamic rating in the capacitive range, a fixed capacitor/filter can be used in parallel with DSTATCOM. The
schematic diagram of a DSTATCOM structure is shown in Fig. 1.3. This can perform, power factor correction,
load compensation load balancing and harmonic filtering. The DSTATCOM can be operated in current control
mode or voltage control mode. These are discussed briefly below:
Fig. 3.2: Schematic diagram of DSTATCOM.
Current Control Mode:
In the current control mode, the DSTATCOM injects an unbalanced and harmonically distorted current to
eliminate unbalance or distortions in the source current [55]. In Fig. 1.3, is is the source current, iLis the load
current and if is the current injected by the DSTATCOM. If there is unbalance and harmonics in iL, the source
current is will be also unbalanced and have harmonics. However, if a current with the harmonic components of
the load is injected by the DSTATCOM (if), the source current will be harmonics free and will have only
fundamental component. This is shown in Fig. 1.4. In addition, through injection of if, the power factor
corrections and current balancing can also be achieved.
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Fig.3.3 Current correction by DSTATCOM
Now if the source voltage (vs) is fundamental and the DSTATCOM makes is fundamental, the PCC voltage (vp)
will be also fundamental and free of harmonics. If the load is connected through a feeder with source, the current
and voltage at PCC will have harmonics due to DSTATCOM VSC switching.
To avoid this, suitable passive filters need to be added and the control scheme need to be modified [16]. Two
different multi-level inverter structures are presented for high power DSTATCOM applications [17].
Voltage Control Mode:
In voltage control mode the PCC voltage (vp) is controlled and made balanced. As a result, the current in
between the source and the PCC, is also becomes balanced [8]. It is shown in that DSTATCOM can be flexibly
operated in both voltage and current control mode. Necessary hardware topology and control algorithm is
derived for that. The concept of custom power park where voltage is tightly regulated by a diesel-generator
backed DSTATCOM is discussed in [60]. This also enables supplying sensitive load during outage and increase
reliability.
4. SYSTEM DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION:
The non-linear loads connected to power system produces harmonic current, Voltages. The introduced harmonics
into the system will be in the form of currents whose frequencies are the integral multiples of the fundamental
system frequency. The harmonic currents interact with the supplysystem impedance causing distortions in supply
output voltage and current, which has worse effects on all other loads connected to the system. It also creates
other effects such as overheating, increasing powers losses in the system, and malfunction of protection devices
connected to the system. The non-linear loads were found in heavy industrial applications such as arc furnaces,
large Variable Frequency Drives (VFD), heavy rectifiers for electrolytic refining, Switch Mode Power Supply
(SMPS).
D-STATCOM is installed to support electrical network from the impacts of the nonlinear load. A D-STATCOM
is a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based device. A suitable control system needs to be offered in order to
control the IGBT switches in the voltage source converter, thereby enhancing the performance of D-STATCOM.
This chapter highlights the proposed control concept for D-STATCOM.
4.1. IMPORTANCE OFD-STATCOM
A D-STATCOM can improve power-system Performance like:
Dynamic voltage control in transmission and distribution systems,
Reactive power control
Voltage flicker control
Reduction of Total Harmonic Distortions
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The Simulation diagram of D-STATCOM is presented below in Figure.6.1
Fig 4.1 MATLAB/Simulink diagram of a D-STATCOM
5. RESULTS:
5.1. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The simulation analysis has been performed using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation diagram is
as shown in Figure 5.1. The valid points as per the proposed are presented below.
Fig 5.1 MATLAB/Simulink diagram of the system considered for study with D-STATCOM
At the PCC, Voltage and current measurement and voltage across the nonlinear load were measured before
inserting D-STATCOM at PCC. The following Figure 5.2 (a-c) shows the measurement of before inserting D-
STATCOM.
(a)
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(b)
(c)
Fig 5.2 (a) Voltage at PCC without D-STATCOM, (b) Current at PCC without D-STATCOM and (c)
Voltage across nonlinear Load without D-STATCOM
The D-STATCOM is introduced in the system at 0.3 Seconds. The corresponding waveforms after inserting D-
STATCOM are given below in Figure 5.3 (a-c).
(a)
(b)
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(c)
Fig 5.3 (a) Voltage at PCC with proposed control concept of D-STATCOM, (b) Current at PCC with
proposed control concept of D-STATCOM and (c) Voltage at nonlinear load with proposed control
concept of D-STATCOM
The voltage distortions at PCC are reduced to a minimum level after the introduction of the proposed control on
D-STATCOM.
5.2. Total Harmonic Distortions
The Total harmonic distortions is measured at PCC using FFT tool. It is found that the proposed control on D-
STATCOM suits for the reduction of Voltage distortions at PCC. The FFT representation for Phase A is as
shown in Figure 5.4 (a&b).
(a)
(b)
Figure 5.4 (a) THD at PCC without D-STATCOM and (b) THD at PCC with proposed control on D-
STATCOM
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The Total harmonic distortions is evaluated for the other phases are presented below in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Assessment of Total Harmonic Distortions (THD) at PCC
Phases
Total Harmonic Distortion (%)
System without D-STATCOM
System with proposed control
concept of D-STATCOM
A 12.62 4.5
B 8.24 4.4
C 7.65 4.1
The flicker measurement was made at PCC using flicker meter, for 1 Second duration. It is identified that there
are considerable changes in the flicker levels when a D-STATCOM is introduced in the system. The short-term
flicker events were measured at PCC which is as shown in Figure 5.5.
Fig 5.5: Flicker Estimations at PCC
The power quality issues were observed based on the impact of loads it is identified that the introduction of
nonlinear loads will keep on rises the waveform distortions. Since the loads were volatile it is mandatory to have
a control system. It is found that the combination of instantaneous power theory, synchronous vector PI
controller and harmonic elimination method introduced to control D-STATCOM offers a better solution to
control the voltage flickers and waveform distortions.
6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
The main focus of this research is to provide a method
for detection, classification of power quality events. It
also offers a controller that suits to mitigate the power
quality events that may rise due to the introduction of
the renewable energy source and the nonlinear loads.
The important contributions of this research work are
briefed as follows.
The Proposed expert system offers a better
classification in the power quality issues. Hence it
is concluded that the expert system has a
minimum training and testing error in detecting
the power quality events to validate the
effectiveness.
The ANFIS controlled UPQC offers a solution to
power quality problems like voltage imbalances
and total harmonic distortion at the point of
common coupling. It helps to integrate the
renewable energy sources effectively with a
minimum power quality impact.
The Proposed ANFIS controlled DVR is used to
mitigate power quality events that may occur
during the introduction of fault. Simulation results
prove that ANFIS controlled DVR mitigates the
power quality disturbances like Sag. And total
harmonic distortions.
A D STATCOM offers a solution for the
waveform distortions and voltage flickers. In
order to validate the performance of the proposed
D-STATCOM is introduced with severe load
conditions.
FUTURESCOPE
Research is a constant process and opens other venue
to continue the work. The Further research work may
be continued in the following areas.
The other transformation methods like linear,
Walsh and coordinate methods can be
implemented for pre-processing stage in expert
system. It can be applied for any industries that
require power quality monitoring system.
Various evolutionary algorithm can be
implemented for the tuning process of the
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controller implemented in the custom power
devices.
At micro grids, the Power quality issues can be
assessed and mitigated using various energy
storage systems.
Energy storage system like super capacitors, fly
wheel storage systems can be implemented in
custom power devices to have a better
performance.
7. REFERENCES
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as Three-Level T-NPC Inverter based
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