Dokumen tersebut memberikan analisis mengenai daya saing korporasi Indonesia menjelang pasar tunggal ASEAN 2015. Daya saing Indonesia masih lemah karena infrastruktur bisnis yang kurang memadai, regulasi bisnis yang belum mendukung, serta kualitas SDM yang rendah. Untuk meningkatkan daya saing diperlukan peningkatan infrastruktur, penyederhanaan birokrasi, serta peningkatan kualitas SDM.

1. ANALISIS DAYA SAING KORPORASI INDONESIA (MENJELANG PASAR TUNGGAL ASEAN 2015) Oleh: Franciscus Welirang Vice President Director – PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk Disampaikan di: SEMINAR CIRS – FISIP UI Jakarta, 31 Mei 2007

4. Tingkat Kesejahteraan Indonesia : GDP=$4.900/cap, GDP growth=3,2% PPP-adjusted GDP per Capita, 2005 Growth of Real GDP per Capita (PPP-adjusted), CAGR, 2000-2005 Source: EIU (2006) China India Vietnam Laos Indonesia Sri Lanka Philippines Malaysia Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Bangladesh Pakistan Papua New Guinea

5. Tingkat Pengangguran Indonesia : Tingkat Penggangguran Paling Tinggi (10%) dengan Kecenderungan yang Terus Memburuk Unemployment Rate, 2005 Change of Unemployment Rate in Percentage Points, 2000-2005 Source: EIU (2006) Membaik Memburuk India Vietnam Indonesia Sri Lanka Philippines Malaysia Myanmar Thailand Bangladesh Pakistan China Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore Japan S. Korea Australia New Zealand

6. Foreign Investment Stocks and Flows Arus investasi masuk masih rendah, dengan nilai investasi yang juga rendah dibanding Total GDP Stock of FDI as a % of GDP, Average 2001-2004 FDI Inflows as a % of Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Average 2001-2004 Source: UNCTAD (2005) Indonesia India Vietnam Sri Lanka Philippines Malaysia Myanmar Bangladesh Pakistan China Taiwan Japan S. Korea Australia New Zealand Cambodia Papua New Guinea Thailand

7. MENGAPA DAYA SAING INDONESIA MASIH RENDAH ?

8. Infrastruktur Bisnis Sarana fisik dan kolaborasi dengan seluruh stakeholder dalam industri belum menunjukkan perbaikan Source: Global Competitiveness Report 2006-2007. Daya Saing Infrastruktur Bisnis Indonesia Kualitas infrastruktur pelabuhan 98 Kepercayaan layanan polisi 98 Keseluruhan kualitas infrastruktur 95 Independensi hukum 90 Kualitas pasokan listrik 87 Kecanggihan pasar keuangan 83 Kualitas infrastruktur telepon/fax 81 Kolaborasi riset universitas-industri 78 Efisiensi kerangka Undang-undang 75 Kualitas infrastruktur transportasi udara 70 Pengembangan infrastruktur rel kereta 63 Kualitas sekolah negeri 42 Urutan Negara, Tanda panah menunjukkan perubahan urutan dalam 5 tahun sejak 2001

9. Masalah dalam Regulasi Bisnis Posisi relatif Indonesia 2006, sudah membaik dalam proteksi investor dan akses kredit, namun masih buruk dalam birokrasi pengurusan ijin usaha Protecting Investors 60 Trading Across Borders 60 Getting Credit 83 Competitive Disadvantages Relative to GDP per Capita Competitive Advantages Relative to GDP per Capita Note: Out of 175 countries, Indonesia ranks 110 st in 2005 PPP adjusted GNI per capita. Source: World Bank, Doing Business (2006) Country Ranking Country Ranking Starting a Business 161 Enforcing Contracts 145 Employing Workers 140 Closing a Business 136 OVERALL 135 Paying Taxes 133 Dealing with Licenses 131 Registering Property 120

10. “ Doing Business” Ranking Indonesia masih di bawah Singapore, Thailand dan Malaysia dalam kenyamanan penyelenggaraan usaha Source: World Bank, Doing Business (2006)

13. Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Human Development Index Indonesia menempati urutan terendah dibanding negara-negara Asia lainnya Sumber: ADB, Human Development Report, 2005

14. Export Portfolio, 1997-2005 Ekspor Indonesia masih berbasis pada sumber daya alam Change in Indonesia’s world export market share, 1997 – 2005 Source: Prof. Michael E. Porter, International Cluster Competitiveness Project, Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, Harvard Business School; Richard Bryden, Project Director. Underlying data drawn from the UN Commodity Trade Statistics Database and the IMF BOP statistics. Indonesia’s world export market share, 2005 Change In Indonesia’s Overall World Export Share: -0.01% Indonesia’s Average World Export Share: 0.88% Exports of $5 billion = Coal and Briquettes (9.5%, +2.4%) Apparel Oil and Gas Products Metal Mining and Manufacturing Agricultural Products Hospitality and Tourism Plastics Textiles Forest Products Business Services Building Fixtures and Equipment (1.9%, -3.3%) Furniture Entertainment and Reproduction Equipment Fishing and Fishing Products Communications Services Footwear Tobacco Construction Services Jewelry, Precious Metals and Collectibles Prefabricated Enclosures and Structures

15. Change in Indonesia’s world export market share, 1997 – 2005 Indonesia’s world export market share, 2005 Change In Indonesia’s Overall World Export Share: -0.01% Exports of $5 billion = Chemical Products Transportation and Logistics Information Technology Communications Equipment Automotive Motor Driven Products Lighting and Electrical Equipment Processed Food Production Technology Sporting, Recreational and Children's Goods Construction Materials Analytical Instruments Heavy Machinery Financial Services Publishing and Printing Power and Power Generation Equipment Leather and Related Products Medical Devices Biopharmaceuticals Marine Equipment Prefabricated Enclosures and Structures Aerospace Vehicles and Defense Aerospace Engines Export Portfolio, 1997-2005 Lanjutan …. Source: Prof. Michael E. Porter, International Cluster Competitiveness Project, Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, Harvard Business School; Richard Bryden, Project Director. Underlying data drawn from the UN Commodity Trade Statistics Database and the IMF BOP statistics.

20. "The world economy is not a zero-sum game . Many nations can improve their prosperity if they can improve productivity . The central challenge in economic development, then, is how to create the conditions for rapid and sustained productivity growth." (Prof. Michael Porter, HBS) Terima Kasih