This presentation is made for a high-school Geography project, which intends to investigate the urban development problems and possible solutions for Rio de Janeiro. I'm not responsible for any mistakes or wrong information distributed through this presentation, whatsoever.

1. Rio de Janeiro
Urban Development
Investigation

2. Brazil

3. Brazil
Where the world’s largest
rainforest is located
Where one of the best soccer
team was from
2014 World Cup host
2016 Olympics host

4. Brazil
2014 World Cup ho
2016 Olympics h
Rio de Janeiro

5. Rio de Janeiro Demographics
84% people living in
cities (in Brazil)
6 million population in
municipality (2010)
2nd populous Brazilian City
(behind Sao Paulo)
High urban population
density of 4781 ppl/ km2
About 200 billion USD GDP
Hong Kong had an urban population
density of 6480 ppl/ km2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro

6. Rio de Janeiro Panorama

7. Copacabana Beach, Rio

8. Rio de Janeiro Carnival 2011

9. Centro,Janeiro Janeiro (CBD)
Rio de Rio de Carnival 2011

10. What Rio is now.
What is Rio doing?
What should Rio do?
(for simplicity, Rio de Janeiro will be called Rio from now on)

11. What Rio is now.
What is Rio doing?
What should Rio do?
Is Rio ready for the two
world-class events ahead?

12. Current urban land use planning
Housing the poorer people
Social Deprivation
Pollution and waste
Transport & infrastructure
Water, food and power systems
What Rio is now. W

13. Poor
✈
Poor
Middle
CBD
Slum
✈
High
High

14. Poor
3 ✈
Poor
Middle
CBD
4
Slum 1
✈
High
High 2

16. 1 Airport leads to increased
accessibility, and therefore the
CBD is located near the airport
CBD
Mid-high class
Airport
residential area

17. 2 to CBD
High class
residential area
Hotel+ resorts
Beach scenery + short distance to
CBD leads to rapid development
of structured tourist facilities and
high-class residential areas

18. 3
Slum
Airport
Mid-level
residential area
Many middle income
people live here, favoring
the nearby airport
Slum
Poorer people live inland and
far from the main highways.

19. 4
Slum
Largest slum in Brazil:
Rocinha Favela
Located in a steep hillside

20. Kinds of slums in Rio
A highly consolidated invasion
of public or private
environmentally safe land by
very poor people.
Favela Illegal Subdiv

21. Kinds of slums in Rio
Landowners illegally distribute land to
very poor people for housing.
They lack infrastructure and are illegal.
Favela Illegal Subdivisions Cortiç

22. Kinds of slums in Rio
Housing or flats divided
and sub-leased to many
poor people/ families. They
often share the same
bathroom, electrical
appliances etc. and were
often overcrowded.
ubdivisions Cortiços Invasion

23. Kinds of slums in Rio
Using of very dangerous
lands for building houses
for very poor people.
These lands are often
environmentally fragile and
lack infrastructure.
Cortiços Invasions
Basically, a slum used land illegally (or are abandoned).

24. Favelas and illegal settlements in Rio
Inland poor
agricultural land
is often illegally Many favelas are located in the
subdivided for the middle of the mid-class
landowner to residential areas, and are
make profits. denser than illegal subdivisions

25. Lack of
green
space
Slums Corrupting
Authorities
Poverty
Social Income
Deprivation in inequality
Drugs Rio de Janeiro
Poor
Crime water &
Lack of electricity
infrastructure distribution
Unemployment

26. Unemployment Air Pollution Water Pollution Waste
United States
Brazil Average
6.7% 8.3%
5.1%Unemployment rate in Rio

27. Unemployment Air Pollution Water Pollution Waste Management
São Paūlo
Shanghai
86
Mexico City
246 279
Mumbai Beijing
240 377
139 mg/m3
Particulates in air
Air pollution index in Rio
(from World Bank)

28. Unemployment Air Pollution Water Pollution Waste Management
Mass popularization of ethanol
as car fuels in Brazil (ethanol
burns cleaner) leads to a lower
air pollution index.
139
Air pollution index in Rio
mg/m3
Particulates in air
(from World Bank)

29. Unemployment Air Pollution Water Pollution Waste Management Transport Ene
35%
Percentage of waste water
that are treated in Brazil

30. Unemployment Air Pollution Water Pollution Waste Management Transport Ene
65% of wastewater are directly
added to the water system

31. t Air Pollution Water Pollution Waste Management Transport Energy Water Supply
Unplanned development, which
makes waste collection difficult
Waste management is
very difficult in favelas.

32. t Air Pollution Water Pollution Waste Management Transport Energy Water Supply
Lower processing costs
Rio elected landfills instead of
incineration to deal with trash.
Waste management is very difficult in favelas.

33. Water Pollution Waste Management Transport Energy Water Supply Food Supply P
Metrô Rio
- Founded in 1979
- Runs in 41 km
- State owned,
corporate ran
- Significantly reduced
road traffic and
increased accessibility
- Serves working-class
neighborhoods

34. Water Pollution Waste Management Transport Energy Water Supply Food Supply P
440
Bus lines in Rio de Janeiro

35. Water Pollution Waste Management Transport Energy Water Supply Food Supply P
but traffic problems Janeiro
Bus lines in Rio de
440
Metrô Rio
still persist in Rio
160km 2
Length of bicycle paths Airports (1 international)

36. Less Congested
Serious traffic congestion in/
More Congested
near the CBD during rush hours
*abstract representation

37. sy
Po p
Less Congested
st
or la
em
ro nni
Hig
ad ng
h ca
(peo r ow
ple ner
ove pre ship
More Congested r pu fers rate
blic driv
tran ing
spo
rt)
Low-capacity public
transport systems

38. ution Waste Management Transport Energy Water Supply Food Supply Public Spac
Aging Unreliable
Brazil’s Power Grid

39. ution Waste Management Transport Energy Water Supply Food Supply Public Spac
Rio de Janeiro Sao Paulo Brasilia
Power Source
(Itaipu Dam)

40. ution Waste Management Transport Energy Water Supply Food Supply Public Spac
Rio de Janeiro Sao Paulo Brasilia
Power Source
(Itaipu Dam)

41. e Management Transport Energy Water Supply Food Supply Public Space Green
77% of people in Brazil had
access to piped water

42. Transport Energy Water Supply Food Supply Public Space Green
Brazil is a large global food
exporting country
People have access to
agricultural products in Brazil
No problems in food supply

43. Energy Water Supply Food Supply Public Space Green
Government (in the past)
prioritize road
construction
Traffic
Less streets and
congestion public space
People choose Difficulty walking
driving on streets

44. er Supply Food Supply Public Space Green
Rio de Janeiro had a lot of
green spaces.
- Predominantly a rainforest
- Many steep terrain, which
leads to difficulty in development, which
preserves rainforest
- Presence of golf courses

45. Inco
Poor Public Electricity Ineq me
sport ualit
Tran Shortages y
Problems in Rio
Poor Waste Flooding
Infrastructur
e Management

46. Poor Public Transport
440
Bus lines in Rio de Janeiro
Metrô Rio
160km 2
Length of bicycle paths Airports (1 international)

47. Poor Public Transport
Mexico City
Hong Kong 451km
211km Sao Paulo
73km
Only 41 km Metrô Rio

48. Poor Public Transport
People in rural
areas buy cars to
work in the CBD
Small Coverage
Metrô Rio
41 km
Only

49. Hong Kong
700+
440
Bus lines in Rio de Janeiro

50. New York City Bogota
675km 300km
160km
Length of bicycle paths

51. ↓global image
$$$ ↓productivity
↓time
↓money
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
↑GHG Emissions Disturbance to
↑Air Pollution residents
↑Noise Pollution ↓Accessibility

52. Major power blackout in 2009

53. Caused by Brazil’s aging
power systems
Millions of
dollars lost
or power blackout in 2009

54. ↓lose money
$$$ - Manufacturing sector fail
- People spend additional money
purchasing backup electricity
supplies
- Maintenance and repairing
↓global image
POWER FAILURE
Inconvenience
Social Outrage
Skeptical on public
power systems

55. Hong Kong
very high 0.533
0.518
GINI Coefficient
for Rio de Janeiro

56. Top 20
Homicide rate:
20 per 100,000
inhabitants

57. ning Slum Upgrades
e Slum Demolishment
Public Transport Upgrade
Recreation Upgrades
e Power Island Program
ms Street Pedestrianization
w. What is Rio doing? Wha

58. Rocinha Favela

59. Rocinha Favela Self-help
The authorities
supplied materials to
residents to build their
own permanent
accommodation in
Rocinha (such as
cement, breeze
blocks).
UPGRADED

60. Rocinha Favela Self-help
- Now an urbanized
neighbourhood
- Almost all houses
are built with brick
and concrete today
- Supplied with
electricity and basic
sanitation facilities.
UPGRADED

61. But not all of them
are this lucky...

62. Favela do Metrô
With Maracana
Stadium nearby
(Will be hosting the finals of World
Cup 2014 and main athletics
events in Olympics 2016)

63. Favela do Metrô
To “revitalize” area nearby
the stadium and to make
DE MOL
way for construction
ISHED

64. Favela do Metrô
New Homes
People are relocated in
apartments or are homeless
(unable to sustain informal economy in buildings)

65. Favela do Metrô
New Homes
People have homes
bulldozed with a short time
of notice/ without notice
People are relocated in
apartments or are homeless
(unable to sustain informal economy in buildings)

66. Favela do Metrô
New Homes
unemployment and loss of
jobs for poor people

67. SUSTAIN ABLE
Rocinha Metrô
✔ Informal economy Much quicker effect
sustained (prevents damage on
People :) Rio's image)
Increased quality of living Spare land
Saved costs People get conpensated
✘ Slower effect
Informal economy
Still looks like a slum
disrupted
Still an unplanned UNSU
neighborhood STAIN
People :(
No spare land ABLE
More costly
Unemployment
Sanitation problems not

69. Construction of new stations/
expansion of road network

70. Rio de Janeiro Gondola
-Above the slums
-Offers great
panoramic view of
Rio favelas
-Cost-effective way
to travel uphill
-Major tourist
attraction

71. $$$ -Less time spent on
traveling over hills
-Tourist spending
Rio de Janeiro Gondola
SUSTAIN ABLE
- Lower emissions - Panoramic View to favelas
compared to cars as a
transport method
- Establishing transport links
- More quiet - No need to demolish slums

72. 160km
Length of bicycle paths

73. Rio bicycle path expansions
Built to accommodate the Olympics
Near famous beaches
320km
Length of bicycle paths
SUSTAINABLE

74. Rio de Janeiro Power Island
Rio de Janeiro Sao Paulo Brasilia
Power Source
(Itaipu Dam)

75. Rio de Janeiro Power Island
HEP Sao Paulo Brasilia
Rio de Janeiro
Power Source
(Itaipu Dam)

76. Rio de Janeiro Power Island
HEP Sao Paulo Brasilia
Rio de Janeiro
Power Source
(Itaipu Dam)

77. Lowers the chance of blackout
Rio de Janeiro Power Island
Hydroelectric power plant construction

78. Car-
less!

79. Rio street pedestrianization
- Roads along beaches in Rio are car-
free on Sundays
- Paquetá Island is also car-free
permanently

80. (now)
Government prioritize
pedestrians/ cyclists
Less cars More streets and
public space
People choose Ease walking on
walking/ cycling streets

81. What should Rio do?
Is Rio ready for the two
world-class events ahead?
NO
Too much serious urban problems still remained unsolved. Crime, urban housing...

82. Is Rio ready for the two
What should Rio do?
world-class events ahead?

83. How can Rio be competent
for the two games ahead?

84. Beijing

85. 1. Rapid expansion of railroad

86. 1. Rapid expansion of railroad
Wealthy people takes
Increased accessibility airplanes or cars
for poor people
Cleaner

87. A Shipyard in Rio, showing water pollutants

88. 2. Subsidies for polluting industries
(for purchasing eco-
friendly equipments and
better filtering systems)
Creates incentives to
cut water pollution
Improves global
image of Brazil

89. Expand public transport systems, with
renewable/ eco-friendly sources
Railway
Bus
Airports
Roads
Develop rural
areas/ commuter
zones

90. “
Despite Rio de Janeiro had a low city air
pollution, Brazil contributed to 1.3% of
global emissions. Therefore, Brazil should
also help tackle global warming, and Rio is
the perfect place to start with this.

91. Why Rio is a good place to develop
renewable power sources:
-Abundant rivers and
rainfall (for HEP)
-Coastal Area (for
wind power and tide
power)
-Good accessibility
Tourist hub: Better
global image

92. Besides infrastructures,
But... what can we do?
Money can never
solve all of the
problems.
Or problems will never have existed.

93. 2.Constitutional
Reforms

94. Regulated Urban Land
-Urban land use zoning
-Better regulations and
restrictions to
development
-Halt illegal settlement
development
-Inspections to ensure
infrastructure safety

95. Creates incentives for poor
peasants to shift out of cities
Land Tenure Redistribution
quality
les ine
Batt Brazil
in
1% PE OPLE
S 47% LAND
OWN

96. POOR
RICH
(now) Rainforest

97. POOR
RICH
NSUSTAINABLE
(future) U Rainforest

98. POOR
RICH
(now) Rainforest

99. Purchase farmland
from the rich POOR
Forced
removal
RICH
SUSTAINABLE
(now) Rainforest

100. ✔ Urban development disparities
✔ Slum/ irregular developments
✔ Agricultural production
M SOLVED
PROBLE
(but policy is hard to reinforce)

101. Money lost from officials
Anti-corruption
elfare
ey+ w ple
Mon eo
kt op
bac
Arrest corruptive officials
+Increase salary from officials in Brazil
(reduce incentives to corrupt)

103. Rio de Janeiro
“The M
arvelou
s City”

104. “
Brazil had a chance for shining it’s soft
power to the globe through Rio, but
certainly it requires a good planning... and
money.

105. References
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/12/world/americas/12brazil.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocinha
http://www.rio2016.org/en/home
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jXWo5ts7SpU/TdSbyQfBm4I/AAAAAAAAASo/zzyqQac61pA/s1600/Cristo
+statue.jpg
http://www.treehugger.com/bikes/bikers-in-sao-paulo-homage-fallen-cyclist-claim-more-respect-in-the-
streets.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_metro
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1082/is_1_46/ai_83039410/
http://www.lumes.lu.se/database/alumni/02.03/theses/lillemets_krista.pdf
http://www.ceci-br.org/novo/revista/docs2006/CT-2006-53.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Brazil
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=assqIe.PMIRs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santos_Dumont_Airport
http://www.cheapflights.com/airports/rio-de-janeiro/
http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-real-estate/navigating-crosstown-traffic-in-rio-de-janeiro/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/03/brazils-olympics-world-cup-evictions_n_1252994.html
http://deportesus.terra.com/olympic-games/london-2012/fotos/0,,OI187568-EI19641,00-Rio+favela
+cleared+for+Olympic+and+World+Cup+construction.html
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=favela+do
+metro&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1680&bih=988&tbm=isch&tbnid=vaEaVGf2dV
q0WM:&imgrefurl=http://thehypervigilantobserver.blogspot.com/2011/04/brasil-rios-slums-make-way-
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rio_olympics.jpg&w=525&h=294&ei=NOlMT6G1GOawiQeEorFn&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=241&sig=1068
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0&tx=82&ty=74
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_America
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/
Jacuecanga_Angra_dos_Reis_Rio_de_Janeiro_Brazil_Brasfels.JPG
http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0629-amazon.html
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