This document discusses training and supervision of various health workers in India. It begins by defining training and supervision and their objectives. It then describes in detail the training programs for Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Multi Purpose Health Workers, Village Health Guides, Local Dais, Anganwadi Workers, and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). The training durations and requirements for each program are provided. The document also covers the objectives and principles of supervision for health workers.
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The students will be able to:
• define training and supervision
• mention the objectives of training and supervision
• state various training programmes of health workers
• discuss training of Local Dais and Multi purpose
Health workers
• describe training of of ANMs, AWWs and ASHAs
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3. INTRODUCTION
In health care setting just an education
improves the knowledge of the person, training
entrances the attitude, skills and abilities of
employees to perform specific job better.
Training and supervision have, in all places,
been a vital aspect of higher education. One of
the purpose is to help the individual in
becoming a useful member of society
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4. TRAINING
Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and
skills of an employee for doing a particular job.
The Training is a systematic activity performed to
modify the skills, attitudes and the behavior of an
employee to perform a particular job.
The main purpose of training is to ensure that all
employees have the technical skills needed to perform
the job efficiently and smoothly.
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5. OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING
Increase Motivation and Engagement.
Quick learning
Higher productivity
Standardization of procedures
Less supervision
Economical Operations
Higher Morale
Preparation of Future Managers
Better Management
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7. ANMs is a village level female health worker in
India who is the first contact person between the
community and health services
ANMs are playing important and vital role in
Maternal Child Health and Family welfare services
in the rural areas.
Therefore it is essential that the proper training to
be given to them so that quality services will be
provided to the rural population.
They are posted in Subcentre, Primary Health
Centre and Rural Family Welfare Centres and
other Health Centres.
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8. The training duration of ANM course is
two years with minimum qualification is
10th pass.
Senior ANM with 5 years of experience is
given 6 months promotional training to
become Lady Health Visitor/Health
Assistant(Female).
The Lady Health Visitor/Health Assistant
are giving supportive supervision and
technical guidance to ANMs in sub-
centres.
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10. TRAINING OF MULTI PURPOSE
HEALTH WORKERS
This is approved during 6th Five Year Plan and by 1984 it
became 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
Training duration is one year.
On successful completion, they posed at the sub centre along
with an ANM/Health worker
The functions of MPHW are mainly in the areas of National
Health Programmes like
Malaria
Leprosy
Tuberculosis
limited involvement in Universal Immunization Programme
Diarrhoea Control Program and in family welfare services
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12. TRAINING OF VILLAGE HEALTH GUIDE
The village health guides are mostly women and
this scheme was started on 1977. They are chosen
by the community in which they work.
The village health guide must be a permanent
resident of the local community and have minimum
formal education VI class.
Training is conducted every month. The criteria's
includes she must be a woman of the village who
will visit everyone, represent every one by village
communities themselves
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13. After selection they undergo training in
nearest PHC for 200 hours in 3 months.
Each village health guide covers 1000 rural
population.
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14. TRAINING OF LOCAL DAIS
They are expected to play vital role in propagating small
family norms, emphasis is given on asepsis so that home
deliveries are conducted under safe hygiene to reduce
maternal and child mortality.
Training: The training is for 30 working days. She is a
paid a stipend of Rs.300 during her training period.
Training is given at the PHC, Sub-centre or MCH centre for
2 days in a week, and on the remaining four days of the
week they accompany the health worker
After successful completion of training, each dais is
provided with a delivery kit and a certificate
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16. Under the ICDS(Integrated Child Development Services)
scheme, there is an anganwadi for a population of 1000,
there are about 100 such workers in each ICDS project.
Training: Training in various aspects of health, nutrition
and child development for 4 months.
She is a part-time worker and is paid an honorarium of
Rs.200-250 per month for the services rendered, which
include health check-up, immunization, supplementary
nutrition, health education, non-formal pre-school education
and referral services.
The beneficiaries are especially nursing mothers, other
women(15-45 years) and children below the age of 6 years.
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18. ASHA training comes under the National Rural
Health Mission.
ASHA must be a woman resident of the village.
Married/divorced preferably in the age group of
25-45 years. She should be literate woman
qualified up to 10th standard. ASHA will be
chosen through community groups, self-help
groups, Anganwadi Institutions, Village Health
Committee and the Gram sabha
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19. At the village level it is recognised that ASHA cannot
function without adequate Institutional support,
Women Committees, village health and sanitation
committee of the Gram Panchayat, peripheral health
workers especially ANMs and Anganwadi workers.
She will counsel women on birth preparedness,
importance of safe delivery, breast feeding,
complementary feeding, immunization, contraception
and prevention of common infectious diseases like
RTI and STD
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20. SUPERVISION
Supervision means overseeing the employees at
work. It has been defined as the authoritative
direction of work of one’s subordinates
It means observing the subordinates at work to
see that they are working according to plans and
policies of the organization and keeping the
time schedule, and to help them in solving their
work problems
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21. OBJECTIVES OF SUPERVISION
To help the staff to do their job skillfully and
effectively to give maximum output with
minimum resources-cost effectiveness
Help to develop the individual capacity to the
fullest extent with a view to channelize the same
in favour of work
Guide or assist in meeting predetermined work
objectives or targets. In nursing preventive,
promotive, curative and rehabilitative care to
people
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22. OBJECTIVES OF SUPERVISION
Help to promote effectiveness of the
subordinates/staff ensuring that the subordinate staff
or supervise does what he/she supposed to do.
Help to motivate subordinates to maintain high
morale
Help the members of the team to recognize problems,
identify solutions and to take actions
Help to develop team spirit and promote team work
for effective functioning
Help to improve the attitudes of the members towards
the work program.
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23. Principles of Supervision
Supervision should not be overburdened to any
individual or group.
Supervision causing unreasonable pressure for
achievements results in low performance and low
confidence in the supervisor.
Supervise diagnosis do not overestimate his
understanding and memory.
Human behavior with due consideration to human
weaknesses. This should be kept in minds of
supervisors.
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24. Supervisors should create atmosphere of cordially
and mutual trust.
Supervision should be planned and adopted to the
changing conditions. It calls for good planned and
organization.
Supervisor must possess sound professional
knowledge.
Supervision to be exercised without giving the
subordinate a sense that they are being supervised.
Supervision strives to make the unit a good
learning situation. It should be a teaching-learning
process.
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25. Supervision should foster the ability of each staff
member to think and act for herself/himself.
Supervision should encourages worker’s participation
in decision making.
Supervision needs good communication.
Supervision is a process of cooperation and
coordination.
Supervision should create suitable climate for
productive work.
Supervision should respect the personality of the staff.
Supervision should stimulate the workers/staff
ambitions to grow in effectiveness.
Supervision should focus on continued stag growth and
development.
Supervision is responsible for checking and guidance.
Good leadership is part of good supervision
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26. Technique of Supervision
Individual and group conference
Anecdotal record
Supervision of nursing procedure
Reassurance
Incidental teaching
Observation (Check List) and rating scale
Written Policies
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