1. The Seventh Open ClassroomConference IncubatingCreativity and the Capacity for Innovation:Open Content, Social NetworkingTools and Creative Learning for All 15-17 October 2009Porto, Portugal Daria Grimaldi- Stanislao Smiraglia Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino - Italy

2. An experience of Blended-learning 2.0 The learning construction between creativity and innovation Grimaldi Daria - Smiraglia Stanislao Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

3. whatwe talk about... Protagonists of our reflections arecultural artefacts “everything which represents a kind of interface with which we are in relation, from the language to the computer. (Mantovani, 1995)” Or better, We are going to talk about the artefact in a 2.0 learning enviroment. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

4. cultural artefacts The choice of the tools to use in a learning community is the way to define the construction of the community itself They can be considered the “matrix of mentality”(Debray, 1991 ) which not only changes the content, but creates social phenomena on its own. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

5. cultural artefacts From the memory, by the pen, the printed book and, nowadays, the Net… cultural artefacts conveying knowledge change Once they have been created, the artefatcs change the attitudes of their creators themselves, correcting, through the acquisition of meaning, their social environment. They can be considered the “matrix of mentality” (Debray, 1991 ) which not only changes the content, but creates social phenomena on its own. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

6. cultural artefacts Within the complex dialogic activity between environment, usersandartefacts, multimedia learning gets its meaning only if it can keep the flexibility that the system has reached making the communication interpersonal aspect the focus of didactics, it is through dialogue that the educational goal which is shared by all the actors of this process. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

7. building knowledge By adopting a constructivist approach, the phenomenology of didactics completely changes, since contents, relationships and learnings become part of a wider process of knowledge building, through a dynamics which changes the historically one-direction communication teacher/learner. The classical approach by which learning follows teaching (and it often rather pursues it) is abandoned for the emergence of the constructivist idea of “more learning and less teaching”,perfectly agreeing with the idea of long life learning society. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

8. building knowledge Today it seems that it is not (so) important to learn something, but to know how to access knowledge, since that, as De Kerckhove says, what is important are not only contents, but processes. A continuous transformation of the relationship teacher-expert and student-user, and the change of the educational environment, which substantially becomes a “learning community”, building its own contents by the enhancement of the communication instruments of which it avails itself, follow each other. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

9. Learning 2.0 We decided to shift the attention towards a learning 2.0 to joiningthe historical and productive theories of the constructivist approach to multimedia learning to the new technologies which strongly enhance the culture of sharing. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

10. Learning 2.0 The e-learning 2.0, refers to a new way of thinking learning inspired by the pedagogical point of view, to constructivist didactics and by the psycho-technological point of view, to the approach to social software typical of the web 2.0. The starting assumption is that knowledge (both as meaning and understanding) is socially built and the whole educational process must be focused on collaboration, by the mediation and support of digital instruments. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

11. UniversityB-Learning 2.0 As regards university teachings of Social Psychology (taught by Prof.Smiraglia at the Universities of Naples and Cassino) the role of technologies has been for many years central in didactic experimentation by the methodology of blended learning. After five years of exploration of ICT potentials for University teaching, today these courses avails itself of two educational channels on line supporting and integrating face to face class lessons: blog&e-book Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

12. UniversityB-Learning 2.0 Both instruments have been chosen because they are based on innovation and creativity, and because of their structure, which is completely in tune with the evolution and rapid development of the web 2.0, which offers the opportunity of creating and easily sharing multimedia contents, thus emphasizing the collaboration on line between users. (Riva, 2008) note Therefore not a few experts manage the information for all surfers as before, but a self-poietic, usable and accessible community does that. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

13. UniversityB-Learning 2.0 From a psychosocial point of view, the usability guaranteed by a graphic, really immediate interface, as those ones characterizing the 2.0, makes it possible for users to express themselves with great simplicity and create new contents, sharing them immediately with the community to which they belong and obtaining by it a feedback in a more or less simultaneous way. It is just the sense of community which has a leading role in the cognitive structure of the social networking approach. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

14. Let’s see the Blog Within the categorization carried out by Riva (2008), as regards the instruments characterizing the web 2.0, the blog is identified as privileged example for describing the “expressive sites”, the main affordance of which is the possibility of creating and sharing its contents. we have chosen to start remote courses with as less as possible functions, making the blog be essentially available as an instrument for studying into depth and debating the subjects dealt with in the classroom. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

15. Blog The blog has really got a more informal role within the identity negotiation and communication processes between students and with the teacher and the tutor, functioning as a real bridge between the classroom and the network. According to the real meaning of “blended”, technologies perform the role of facilitating face to face didactics and offering an arena for exchanging ideasand deepening subjects which otherwise would not be well debated. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

16. Blog Within the user interface the blog avails itself of two areas: Post main articles Sidebar Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

17. Blog Students have been evalueted for their online partecipation. Have been explicitly requested them, to consciously, creatively and positively intervene into the debate, in order that each intervention could give an added value to discussion. To such an end each comment explicitly referring to other colleagues’ contributions or to other subjects introduced by the teacher into posts (by links to the text in question), referred to only as reflection and further investigation hints, has been considered relevant from the point of view of quality. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

19. creativity in the use of on line resources;

20. relevanceof the subject of the article to which the comment refers;

21. the formal organization of contentsSmiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

22. Let’s see the Ebook Scriptaweb is an e-learning system which takes place by the ‘book form’ but even more, it is a ‘community book’ because of the network of relations which are built around it, with moments of interaction and sharing of study experiences, of assessment of learning, of development of integration tasks. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

23. Why Ebook The risk of learning mediated by technologies consists of the separation between contents to study and process into which to take part: we can run the risk of focusing our attention on the interaction process and practices to the detriment of the contents specific of the exam, often limited to the products specially created for online use. 2. 1. ? Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

24. Why Ebook In a blended university course, it is not possible to sacrifice the study of the text, however, as regards traditional texts, the study of books is inevitably deferred to a later moment than that of teaching and interaction, but by the ebook by Scriptaweb, it has been possible to integrate the different needs of the didactic model of a constructivist kind taking advantage of the use of the ICT. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

25. Why Ebook WithScriptawebs’ toolseachstudent can partecipatesto the collaborative knowledge building,introducing in the book links, materialsfind in the Net or simply personal reflections. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

26. Reflections It has been showed (Oubenaissa et al, 2002) how much on-line interaction increases the sensitivity of students to a restructuring of knowledge, compared with traditional courses, by increasing the processes of meta-cognition which allow to improve one’s own cognitive style according to better performance strategies. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

27. Reflections The joint use of the blog and ebook has allowed to stimulate each student to intervene in the dynamics of learning, actively participating into collective studying, without finding difficulties of familiarization with the instrument. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

28. Reflections The reason why we decided to use both blogand ebook is the possibility to join the informality of user generated media with safety contents. For these reasons, it’s impossible to turn our face to the changes of the web 2.0, at least as it is impossible to ignore the delicate role of user-generated media in the quality of cultural development, expeciallyin relation with learning practicies. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

29. Reflections The worst risk of the using web 2.0 is dilettantism, as well as sharing represents the decline of the ownership right. As a research mentioned by Keen shows, if 77% of university students state not to consider a serious crime to copy the contents taken from the network (CAI research, Keen 2009) -whatever they are- it is evident that we find ourselves to face a problem which links the Internet, or rather its use, directly with culture. (Keen 2009) On the other hand, since learning is a social activity, to have a medium like the Network allowing a huge socialization, can really change the nature of man and his knowledge. (Gallino 2000)

30. Conclusions It is not an ideological attitudebut it represents a need which is more and more urging within the world of politics and in the world of didactics, particularly in the world of university: the password is flexibility and education must take it into account in order to not deny that progress which it is the first one to help. The transformation needed does not only have an influence on the means to be adopted, but rather shows itself as a deep alteration in the culture of developing culture. Smiraglia Stanislao - Grimaldi Daria - Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy

31. Thankyou! Todeepen the discussion by email: Smiraglia Stanislao (Associate professor): stanismiraglia@unicas.it Grimaldi Daria(PhDstudent): d.grimaldi@unicas.it Department of Human and Social Science Universityof Cassino -Italy