The document describes vantex® -t, a low-odor, zero-VOC alkanolamine that effectively reduces interfacial tensions, enhancing pigment dispersion, emulsion stability, and syneresis control in paints. It also includes details on specific paint formulations and their performance metrics, which demonstrate the additive's superior qualities compared to other amines. Additional information on the chemical properties and applications of vantex® -t is available on the company's website.

6. Liquid/Gas and Liquid/Liquid interfacial tension measurements demonstrate that
Vantex®
-T has a unique ability to provide for low interfacial tensions between
immiscible phases.
Why is Colloid Stability Important?
for additional information, visit us at vantex-t.com
Vantex®
-T is the BEST zero-VOC alkanolamine available
COllOid STaBiliTy
• Better pigment dispersion
• Better emulsion stability
• Better syneresis control
• Less pigment settling
• Easier pigment wetting
• Less foam

7. Some asymptotic aqueous/air surface tensions (maximum bubble pressure method)
are given in the Table below. Calculated HLB values (hydrophilic weight % / 5) for the
amines are shown in the final row.
The lower air/liquid surface tensions exhibited by aqueous solutions of Vantex®
-T
lead to better surface wetting of pigment particles in paints and paint pigment grinds.
Some liquid/liquid interfacial tensions are summarized in the bar chart below.
The lower liquid/liquid interfacial tensions exhibited by aqueous solutions of Vantex®
-T
lead to more stable emulsions, better syneresis control, less settling and better overall
paint performance.
AMP = 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
MAE = Methylaminoethanol.
DGA = diglycolamine.
MEA = monoethanolamine, TEA = triethanolamine

8. Zero-VoC Satin interior
Latex Paint with 100%
aCryLiC reSin that PaSSeS
>3 FreeZe/thaw CyCLeS
for additional information, visit us at vantex-t.com
Vantex®
-T is the BEST zero-VOC alkanolamine available
ExCEllEnT STarTing pOinT
fOrmulaS
PVC 24.6%
VS 34.5%
CalCulated VOC 0%
lbs./100 gals
Water 100.0
Natrosol Plus 330 1.0
Mix
Vantex-T 6.0
Tamol 731A 5.0
Drewplus L493 2.5
Carbowet DC 01 2.0
Proxel DB-20 3.0
TiPure R-706 250.0
Minex 10 125.0
Attagel 50 3.0
Grind
Water 58.3
Optive 130 525.0
Drewplus L-493 3.0
Acrysol RM 2020NPR 17.4
Acrysol RM 8W 1.5
Rhodoline FT-100 7.5
Water 4.0
tOtal 1114.2
Initial Viscosity, KU 102
Freeze/thaw, 3 Cycles
Final Viscosity, KU 108
Contrast Ratio, 3 Mils 0.981
Reflectance 93.1
Gloss 20 Degrees X
Gloss 60 Degrees 19.7
Sheen 85 Degrees 26.8
Block Resistance, 1 Wk
RT 9
120F 7

9. ZeRO-VOC FLAT INTeRIOR LATeX PAINT WITh VAe ReSIN ThAT PASSeS >3 FReeZe/ThAW CyCLeS:
t#21 FORMulatiOn Flat enamel
PVC 47.5% VS 38.8% CalCulated VOC 0%
t#21 t#21 t#21
a B C
lbs/100 gals lbs./100 gals lbs.100 gals
Water 275.5 275.5 275.5
Natrosol Plus 330 2.5 2.5 2.5
Mix
Vantex-T 6.0 6.0 6.0
Acticide BW 20 1.1 1.1 1.1
FoamStar A-38 1.5 1.5 1.5
Tamol 1124 7.0 7.0 7.0
Carbowet DC 01 2.0 2.0 2.0
Tronox CR 826 235.0 235.0 235.0
#10 White 35.0 35.0 35.0
Minex 4 35.0 35.0 35.0
Optiwhite MX 150.0 150.0 150.0
Grind
Water 40.2 40.2 40.2
ecoVAe 350.0 350.0 350.0
Polyphobe TR 116 9.0 9.0 9.0
FoamStar 1.5 1.5 1.5
Water 9.5 7.5 2.0
Carbowet DC 01 2.0
Rhodoline FT-100 7.5
tOtal 1160.8 1160.8 1160.8
Selected Additives
Natrosol Plus 330: NATROSOL®
PLUS
CS, Grade 330, hMheC is an associative
cellulosic thickener designed to provide
thickening and viscosity stability in both
aqueous and surfactant systems. Product of
Aqualon, a Division of hercules Incorporated.
Tamol 731A & Tamol 1124: Polymeric
pigment dispersants. Rohm & haas (Dow).
Drewplus L-493: Defoamer supplied by
Ashland.
Proxel DB-20 & Acticide BW 20: BIT
based biocides.
TiPure R-706 & Tronox CR 826: TiO2
pigment.
# 10 White: Filler Pigment – calcium
carbonate
Minex 10 & Minex 4: Nepheline Syenite; a
naturally occurring, silica deficient, sodium-
potassium alumina silicate. (Unimin
Corporation)
Attagel 50: Colloidal clay rheology
modifier supplied by BASF.
Optive 130: 100% acrylic resin by BASF.
Acrysol RM 2020 NPR & Acrysol RM 8W:
heUR thickener supplied by Rohm & haas
(Dow).
Rhodoline FT-100: APe free zero-VOC
additive used to improve freeze thaw
performance. Supplied by Rhodia.
FoamStar A-38: Defoamer supplied by
Cognis.
Carbowet DC01: APeO free nonionic
surfactant supplied by APCI (Air products).
Optiwhite MX: Thermo-Optic Aluminum
Silicate supplied by Burgess Pigment
Company.
ecoVAe: VAe resin supplied by Celanese
Corporation.
Polyphobe TR 116: Thickener supplied by
Union Carbide (UCAR Polyphobe 116).

10. for additional information, visit us at vantex-t.com
Vantex®
-T is the BEST zero-VOC alkanolamine available
SynErESiS COnTrOl
AMP-95 Vantex-T Ammonia
Water 208.6 208.6 208.6
Natrosol Plus 330 1.5 1.5 1.5
Amines 12.0
NUOSEPT 25 1.5 1.5 1.5
Tamol 731 12.0 12.0 12.0
Carbowet DC 01 2.0 2.0 2.0
Drewplus T4507 2.0 2.0 2.0
Ti-Pure R-706 230.0 230.0 230.0
Atomite 30.0 30.0 30.0
Attagel 50 5.0 5.0 5.0
Grind
Airflex EF-833 (55.0%) 453.9 453.9 453.9
Texanol
RM 2020NPR 15.0 15.0 15.0
RM 825 7.0 7.0 7.0
Drewplus T4507 2.0 2.0 2.0
Water 80.4 80.4 80.4
TOTAL 1062.9 1062.9 1062.9
Syneresis Control is a function of Colloid Stability.
Consider the three paint formulas given in the Table below. A 12 pound per 100
gallon quantity of a different amine is used in each case. The syneresis control of the
resulting paints is markedly different (see back).

11. Vantex®
-T is a low-odor zero-VOC amine additive by both European and American standards, exceeding ISO
11890-2 in the EU and EPA Method 24.
WhAT iS A VOC?
• Depends on the definition
• More of a legal issue than it is scientific
• New definitions based on nominal boiling point at atmospheric pressure under development
• A normal BP>280° C being discussed
The normal boiling point of Vantex®
-T (>285° C) can be determined via a number of standard thermal methods.
A determination based on differential thermal analysis (DTA) is illustrated below:
The lower liquid/liquid interfacial tensions exhibited by aqueous solutions of Vantex®
-T lead to better
pigment dispersion, emulsion stability and syneresis control in paints. This example shows the
syneresis control after one week of three paints made up with different amines with markedly different
interfacial tension modification properties. Vantex®
-T, with its ability to significantly reduce oil/water
interfacial tension, provides for the best syneresis control.
AMP = 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
MAE = Methylaminoethanol.
DGA = diglycolamine.
MEA = monoethanolamine, TEA = triethanolamine
Some liquid/liquid interfacial tensions are summarized in the bar chart below.
AMP-95
HlB = 13
Vantex-T
HlB = 12 Ammonia HlB = 20

12. Vantex®
-T is a low-odor zero-VOC amine additive by both European and American standards, exceeding ISO
11890-2 in the EU and EPA Method 24.
What is a VOC?
• Depends on the definition
• More of a legal issue than it is scientific
• New definitions based on nominal boiling point at atmospheric pressure under development
The normal boiling point of Vantex®
-T (>285° C) can be determined via a number of standard thermal methods.
A determination based on differential thermal analysis (DTA) is illustrated below:
for additional information, visit us at vantex-t.com
Vantex®
-T is the BEST zero-VOC alkanolamine available
ZERO VOC

13. Vantex®
-T is not a VOC based on EPA Method 24:
VOC DETErMInATIOn Of WATErbOUrnE COATIngS
We evaluated twelve (12) waterbourne coatings for their volatile organic content using Method 24. Specifically,
the coatings were determined gravimetrically via ASTM D 2369 by heating at 110° C for 1 hour while the water
content was determined via Karl-fisher titration via ASTM D 4017. The rest results are reported below:
Sample Solids % Volatiles % Water % VOC (g/L)
T20A 53.27 46.73 44.73 26.28
T20B 52.99 47.01 45.15 24.50
T20C 52.99 47.01 46.61 5.26
T20D 53.32 46.68 46.43 3.28
T20E 53.38 46.62 45.84 10.21
T20F 53.29 46.71 46.51 2.67
T21A 57.34 42.66 41.33 28.15
T21B 57.02 42.98 43.51 -7.43
T21C 57.47 42.53 43.49 -13.28
T21D 57.50 42.50 43.95 -20.13
T21E 57.48 42.52 43.99 -20.00
T21F 57.78 42.22 43.91 -23.27
taBLE 1 VOC REsULts
t#21 FORMULatiON
Flat Enamel
t#20 FORMULatiON
semi Gloss
T#21 T#21 T#21 T#21 T#21 T#21
A B C D E F
lbs./100 gals. lbs./100 gals. lbs./100 gals. lbs./100 gals. lbs./100 gals lbs./100 gals
Water 275.5 275.5 275.5. 275.5 275.5 275.5
natrosol Plus
330
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Mix
Vantex – T 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
Acticide
bW 20
1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
foamStar A-38 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Tamol 1124 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0
Carbowet
DC 01
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Tronox Cr
826
235.0 235.0 235.0 235.0 235.0 235.0
#10 White 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
Minex 4 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0
Optiwhite MX 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0
Grind
Water 45.7 45.7 45.7 45.7 45.7 45.7
EcoVAE 350.0 350.0 350.0 350.0 350.0 350.0
Polyphobe
Tr 116
9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
foamStar 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Water 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0
tOtaL 1160.8 1160.8 1160.8 1160.8 1160.8 1160.8
PVC – 47.5%
VS – 38.8%
T#20 T#20 T#20 T#20 T#20 T#20
A B C D E F
lbs/100 gals lbs/100 gals lbs/100 gals lbs/100 gals lbs/100 gals lbs/100 gals
Water 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
natrosol Plus 330 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Mix
Vantex-T 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
Tamol731A 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Drewplus L493 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Carbowet DC 01 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Proxel Db-20 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
TiPure r-706 250.0 250.0 250.0 250.0 250.0 250.0
Minex 10 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
Attagel 50 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
Grind
Water 88.3 88.3 88.3 88.3 88.3 88.3
Optive 130 525.0 525.0 525.0 525.0 525.0 525.0
Drewplus L-493 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
Acrysol rM
2020nPr
26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1
Acrysol rM8W 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0
rhodoline fT-100 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
Water 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0
tOtaL 1067.9 1067.9 1067.9 1067.9 1067.9 1067.9
PVC - 24.6%
VS - 34.5%
The addition of Vantex®-T to latex paints, as exemplified by the
formulas above, does not contribute to VOC content.