This document provides information about paint components, classifications, and painting procedures. It discusses the key constituents of paint including pigments, binders, solvents, and additives. It classifies paints according to their application such as architectural, automotive, industrial, and marine coatings. Finally, it outlines the six basic steps in painting which are surface preparation, pre-treatment, priming, filling, applying a sealer coat, and finishing coat.

1. Right Paints
&
Painting
Procedure

2. Latest Trends
in
Paints

3. Paint Info
Chemistry Manufacture Application &
Functional aspects
for
Specifier / User

4. Paint Info
Chemistry Manufacture Application &
Functional aspects
for
Specifier / User

5. PAINT
A Homogeneous and complex mixture.
On application to the surface and after drying,
forms a solid, opaque film.

6. VARNISH
A Coating when applied
to the surface forms a
transparent film or covering,
leaving the underneath surface
clearly visible.

7. PIGMENT RESIN / SOLVENT / ADDITIVES
BINDER / THINNER
MEDIUM
VEHICLE
PAINT COMPONENTS

8. P A I N T C O M P O N E N T S - 1
CONSTITUENTS NATURE / FORM PURPOSE / FUNCTION
PIGMENT Solid materials
in powder form.
Opacity/hiding
Colour
Chemical Stabilisation
Anti-corrosive &
Rust Inhibiting properties.

9. P A I N T C O M P O N E N T S - 2
CONSTITUENTS NATURE / FORM PURPOSE / FUNCTION
RESIN or
MEDIUM /
BINDER
Liquids/ Oils/
Emulsions.
Holds the pigment &
gives it the ability
to stick to the surface.
Forms a uniform film
on the surface.
Imparts hardness,
durability, gloss,
adhesion, water &
chemical resistance
to the paint film.

10. P A I N T C O M P O N E N T S - 3
CONSTITUENTS NATURE / FORM PURPOSE / FUNCTION
SOLVENTS or
THINNERS
Clear Liquids.
Which evaporate
completely.
Makes the pigment-binder
combination workable &
fluid when the paint is
being made.
A transfer medium /vehicle.
It dilutes the pigment -
binder combination to work
through the brush/ spray gun
/roller to the surface to be
coated, leaving behind an
uniform paint film.
As a Cleaner for tools etc.

11. P A I N T C O M P O N E N T S - 4
CONSTITUENTS NATURE / FORM PURPOSE / FUNCTION
ADDITIVES Dry powders/
Liquids
Though these constitute only
a small part of the paint;
they are used to prevent
floating, flocculation of
pigment; dispersion in the
liquid paint during
manufacture.
Helps improve Flow &
Levelling, Drying etc.
To adjust gloss variances or
to make it matt.
Chemical & Weathering
resistance.
For anti fungal,
UV stabilisation etc.

13. NAME / LIST OF COMPONENTS
PIGMENT BINDER SOLVENT ADDITIVES
Titanium dioxide Glue Water Wetting Agent
Zinc Oxide Caesin Min.Turpentine Dispersing Agent
Redoxide of Iron Oils. Veg.Turpentine Driers
Yellowoxide of Iron Alkyds Xylene Anti-settling Agents
Chrome Yellows Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Toluene Thixotropic Agents
Phthalocyanine Blue All Acrylic Emulsion Acetone Anti-foam
Hansa Reds Styrene Butadiene Latices Cellulose Defoamer
Hansa Yellows Amino Butanol Rust-inhibitor
Carbon Black Phenolics Butyl Acetate pH stabiliser
Epoxies Bactericides
Chlorinated Rubber Fungicides
Nitro-Cellulose Algicides
Vinyls Freeze-thaw stabilizer

14. PAINT COMPONENTS - 1
PIGMENT
Titanium dioxide Phthalocyanine Blue
Zinc Oxide Hansa Reds
Redoxide of Iron Hansa Yellows
Yellowoxide of Iron Carbon Black
Chrome Yellows

15. PAINT COMPONENTS - 2
BINDER
Glue Phenolics
Caesin Epoxies
Oils Chlorinated Rubber
Alkyds Nitro-cellulose
Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Urethanes
All Acrylic Emulsion
Styrene Butadiene Lattices
Amino

16. PAINT COMPONENTS - 3
SOLVENT
Water Acetone
Min.Turpentine Cellulose
Veg.Turpentine Butanol
Xylene Butyl Acetate
Toluene

17. PAINT COMPONENTS - 4
ADDITIVES
Wetting Agent. Fungicides.
Dispersing Agent. Algicides.
Driers. Freeze-thaw stabilizer.
Anti-settling Agent. Coalescents.
Thixotropic Agent. Rheological additives.
Defoamer. Thickeners.
De-odorants.
Rust-inhibitor. Electrostatic additives.
pH stabiliser. Mar-proof additives.
Bactericides. Anti-floatation agents.

18. PAINTS - CLASSIFICATION
SEGMENTS OF USE
ARCHITECTURAL ( HOMES / BUILDINGS)
AUTO REFINISHES
INDUSTRIAL
MARINE
HEAVY
DUTY
COATINGS
ORIGINAL FINISH
FOR EQUIPMENT
OR AUTOMOBILES

19. PAINTS - CLASSIFICATION
SEGMENTS OF USE
ARCHITECTURAL ( HOMES / BUILDINGS)
AUTO REFINISHES
INDUSTRIAL
MARINE
HEAVY
DUTY
COATINGS
ORIGINAL FINISH
FOR EQUIPMENT
OR AUTOMOBILES

20. PAINT FUNCTIONS
 AESTHETICS
 DECORATION
 IDENTIFICATION
 PROTECTION
 PRESERVATION
 RESTORATION

21. FACTORS IN CHOOSING A
COATING
 SUBSTRATE - SPECIFIC
 UTILITY - SPECIFIC
 FINISH – SPECIFIC
Eco Friendly : Water Borne
User friendly : D I Y (Do - It – Yourself)
OEM’s / Experts’ Choice : Binder / Resin Specific

22. SUBSTRATE - SPECIFIC
METAL
FERROUS
(MILD STEEL / CAST IRON)
NON - FERROUS
(GI / ALUMINIUM / BRASS / COPPER)

23. SUBSTRATE - SPECIFIC
MASONRY / PLASTER
LIME BASED CEMENT BASED BARE BURNT BRICKS CONCRETE
CEMENT LIME MIX

24. SUBSTRATE - SPECIFIC
WOOD
GRAIN WOOD / HARD WOOD
HIGH QUALITY
(TEAK, WALNUT, ROSEWOOD etc.)
SOFT WOOD
LOW QUALITY
(MAVU, ANJILY, MARUTH, RUBBER etc.)
SYNTHETIC
PLYWOOD, HARDBOARD,CARDBOARD,
PARTICLE BOARD, PAPER etc

25. UTILITY SPECIFIC
INTERIOR
EXTERIOR
ROOF / SUNSHADE /
PARAPET TOP
FLOOR
ROOF TILE
SPECIALISED AREAS
Bathroom, Drinking water tank,
Airport / Road marking,
Safety glow signs, etc.

26. FINISH SPECIFIC
MATT / FLAT
LUSTRE / EGGSHELL
SHEEN / SATIN
SEMI GLOSS
FULL GLOSS
TEXTURED
MATT
SPECIALITIES
FINE SAND
TEXTURED
ROUGH
DESIGN
HAMMERTONE
WRINKLE
MULTI COLOUR
(DESIGNER)
FLUORESCENT
PEARLESCENT
METALLIC /
POLY-CHROMATIC
COLOUR / OPAQUE

27. FINISH SPECIFIC
MATT/ FLAT
SILK MATT / SATIN
SEMI GLOSS
FULL / HIGH GLOSS
CLEAR / TRANSPARENT

28. Comparison of the various
finishes
Flat / Matt Eggshell Satin Semi-gloss High-gloss
Silk Matt Full-gloss

29. CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR METAL SURFACE
EPOXIES NITRO–CELLULOSE
(N C)
POLYURETHANES
BRAND NAMES
POLYESTER
STOVING
(thermosetting)
LIQUID POWDER
(Chamber cure)
CHAMBER-CURE AIR
DRYING
SYN ENAMELS
ALKYD
AIR
DRYING
ASIAN PAINT,
DULUX ,
NIPPON
AKZO-NOBEL,
MRF, ESDEE
APCA
DUCO
ESDEE
ICLA
AKZONOBEL
BASF / DUPONT / MRF
LIQUID POWDER
(Chamber cure)
SOLVENT BASED

30. CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR PLASTERED SURFACES
BISON
MAXILITE
NEROLAC
TRACTOR
EMULSIONS ROUGH-
PATTERNED/
TEXTURED
DISTEMPER
ECONOMY PREMIUM LUXURY SUPER LUXURY
SYNTHETIC ACRYLIC
INTERIOR – WATER BASED
BRANDS NAMES
NEROLAC
TRACTOR
TRACTOR
BISON
MATEX
ASIAN
DULUX
NIPPON
RANGOLI
LUXOL SILK
ROYALE
VELVET TOUCH
SATINGLO
FENOMASTIC-
GOLD.
NIPPON-
ALL IN ONE /
MEDI-FRESH
HERITAGE
JOTUN
SPECTRUM
RENOVA
SUPER
PREMIUM
DULUX 3 in 1
Nippon
Spotless
Rang
Easy Clean

32. CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR PLASTERED SURFACES
INTERIOR - SOLVENT BASED
BRAND NAMES
SYN FLAT OIL PAINT
(ALKYD)
APCOMATT
BERGER
EPOXY
(2 Pack)
APCODUR
EPILUX 4
EPIGUARD
PURE POLYURETHANE
(2 Pack)
MRF
NEROLAC
MULTI-COLOUR
FINISH
LADY GLAZE
SYN LUSTRE
FINISH
(ALKYD)
ASIAN PAINT
NEROLAC

33. CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR PLASTERED SURFACES
EXTERIOR – WATER BASED
APEX
EXCEL
WEATHER-
SHIELD
WEATHER-
COAT
CEMENT
BASED
PAINT
(POWDER)
EMULSION
SMOOTH
EXTERIOR
EMULSION
FINE/SAND
TEXTURED
ROUGH-
PATTERNED/
TEXTURED
EMULSION
ECONOMY
EXTERIOR
EMULSION
STRECH
EXTERIOR
BRAND NAMES
DUROCEM
RAVICEM
SHELCEM
SNOWCEM-
PLUS
SUPERCEM
ACE
WALMASTA
SUPERCOAT
WEATHER-
SHIELD MAX
CLIMAX PLUS
TEX ULTRA
NEROTEXMATT
SANDTEXMATT
WEATHERCOAT
HERITAGE
SPECTRUM
TARTARUGA
RENOVA
JOTUN
EMULSION
DPR / SILK
EXTTERIOR
APEX-ULITIMA
WEATHER
BOND
JOTASHEILD
SILK
EMULSION
HEAT
REFLECT
AKZO-NOBEL
JOTUN
THERUMO
NIPPON
SOLAR
REFLECT

35. CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR ROOF TILES
EXTERIOR – WATER BASED
PURE ACRYLIC
EXTERIOR
EMULSION
BRAND NAMES
ASIAN TILE GUARD
AKZO TILE SHIELD
WEATHERSHILED TILE
NIPPON ROOF COAT

37. CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR PLASTERED SURFACES
EXTERIOR – SOLVENT BASED
SYN FLAT
OIL PAINT
(ALKYD)
PURE
POLYURETHANE
(2 PACK)
BRAND NAMES
APCOMATTE
BERGER MRF
NEROLAC

38. CLEAR / TRANSPARENT– SOLVENT BASED
FRENCH
POLISH
COPAL
VARNISH
CLEAR
VARNISH
(ALKYD)
PU 1 PACK
(Interior Grade)
NC
(NITRO –
CELLULOSE)
MELAMINE
(2 PACK)
EPOXY
(2PACK)
PURE
POLYURE-
THANE
2PACK
(Interior Grade)
POLYESTER
(3 Component)
BRAND NAMES
PRABHUS SHALIMAR
SUNFLOWER
ASIAN PAINT
NEROLAC
LUXOL
TOUCHWOOD
SLEEK
ESDEE
CELLOCOAT
ASIANPAINT
SLEEK
MRF
ESDEE
SLEEK XT
MRF
ASIANPAINTS
ICLA
AKZO-NOBEL
CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR WOOD - INTERIOR

40. CLEAR / TRANSPARENT – WATER BASED
CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR WOOD - INTERIOR
AQUA PU
(1 Pack)
AQUA PU
(2 Pack)
BRAND NAMES
TIMBERCOAT
AQUACOAT
ICLA - AKZONOBEL
ICLA – AKZONOBEL
ASIAN AQUADUR
MRF AQUACOAT

41. CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR WOOD - INTERIOR
COLOUR/OPAQUE – SOLVENT BASED
MELAMINE
(2 Pack)
NC
(NITRO-
CELLULOSE)
BRAND NAMES
ASIAN -
WOOD -
PALLETTE
EPOXY
(2 Pack)
ESDEE
MRF
APCA
DUCO
ESDEE
PU
(2 Pack)
ASIAN -
PU PALLETTE
AKZO-NOBEL
ICLA

42. CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR WOOD - INTERIOR
ENAMEL
WATER BASE
BRAND NAMES
ASIAN PAINT
COLOUR / OPAQUE – WATER BASED
PU
WATER BASE
BRAND NAMES
ICLA

43. CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR WOOD - EXTERIOR
COLOUR/OPAQUE – SOLVENT BASED
SYN ENAMEL
ALKYD
PURE
POLYURETHANE
(2 Pack)
BRAND NAMES
ASIAN PAINT
DULUX
LUXOL
NEROLAC
BASF
MRF

44. CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR WOOD - EXTERIOR
ENAMEL
WATER BASE
BRAND NAMES
ASIAN PAINT
COLOUR / OPAQUE – WATER BASED
PU
WATER BASE
BRAND NAMES
AKZO-NOBEL
ICLA

45. CLEAR / TRANSPARENT – SOLVENT BASED
PU 1 PACK
(Exterior Grade)
PU
2 PACK
(Exterior Grade)
BRAND NAMES
TOUCHWOOD - EXT
SLEEK - EXT
SLEEK XT
MRF
ASIAN PAINT
CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR WOOD - EXTERIOR

47. CLEAR / TRANSPARENT – WATER BASED
CHOICE OF COATINGS FOR WOOD - EXTERIOR
PU
WATER BASE
BRAND NAMES
ICLA – AKZONOBEL
MRF – AQUACOAT
ASIAN PAINTS - AQUADUR

48. CHOICE OF COATING FOR
WOODEN FLOOR (PARQUET FLOOR)
PU WATER BASE
BRAND NAMES
ICLA AKZO-NOBEL
MRF – AQUACOAT
WATER BASED

49. CHOICE OF COATING FOR
WOODEN FLOOR (PARQUET FLOOR)
EPOXY-PU 2 PACK
BRAND NAMES
ICLA AKZO-NOBEL
MRF
SOLVENT BASED

50. SIX BASIC STEPS IN PAINTING
FRESH PAINTING
SURFACE PREPARATION
PRE - TREATMENT
PRIMING
FILLING / PUTTY APPLICATION
SECOND SANDWICH COAT PRIMER
Or
SEALER / SURFACER COAT
(ESPECIALLY WHERE FILLER / PUTTY HAS
BEEN APPLIED)
FINISH / TOP COAT

51. 1. SURFACE PREPARATION
 TO REMOVE DIRT, DUST & CLEAN
 TO REMOVE LOOSE/FLAKY SUBSTANCES/
OLD COATINGS
 TO LEVEL & SMOOTHEN THE SURFACE

52. 2. PRE - TREATMENT
 ON MASONRY : TO ELIMINATE MICROBIAL
GROWTH
 ON METAL : TO REMOVE GREASE, OIL,
RUST, MILL SCALE etc
 ON WOOD : TO PREVENT ATTACK OF
WHITE ANTS & INSECTS

53. 3. PRIMING
 ON MASONRY : TO CUT ABSORPTION OF THE
FINISH / INTERMEDIARY COATS &
RESIST ALIKALINE EFFECTS ON
THE SURFACE
 ON METAL-FERROUS : TO INHIBIT CORROSION
(Mild Steel)
 ON METAL NON-FERROUS : TO ETCH THE SURFACE FOR
(GL/Aluminum) PROPER BOND OF PAINT
 ON WOOD : TO CUT ABSORPTION OF THE FINISH /
INTERMEDIARY COATS

54. 4. FILLING/PUTTY
APPLICATION
 ON MASONRY : TO FILL UP FINE PORES
INHERENT IN THE SAND BASED
PLASTER
ON METAL : TO FILL UP WELD JOINTS &
MASK DEFECTS DUE TO
CORROSION etc
 ON WOOD : TO FILL UP FINE CELLULAR
PORES INHERENT IN WOODEN
SURFACE

55. 5. SECOND SANDWICH COAT PRIMER
or
SEALER / SURFACER COAT
(ESPECIALLY WHERE FILLING / PUTTY HAS BEEN APPLIED)
 TO TOP SANDWICH PUTTY/FILLER &
STABILIZE
 TO AVOID UNEVEN ABSORPTION OF
FINISH COAT
 TO AVOID ‘PATCHY’ APPEARANCE ON
THE FILLED / PUTTIED AREAS

56. 6. FINISH / TOPCOATS
 COLOUR
 BEAUTY
 SMOOTHNESS / TEXTURE
 DURABILITY
 PROTECTION
 FINAL FINISH
FOR

57. SEQUENCE
OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
FERROUS NON FERROUS
GI / ALUMINIUM
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Manual Cleaning
Mechanical Cleaning
Blast Cleaning(Wet/dry)
Manual Cleaning.
Mechanical Cleaning.
Chemical cleaning
PRE-
TREATMENT
CHEMICAL for Degreasing
Derusting
Phosphating
ETCHING with
Wash Primer or Etch Primer
PRIMING
(Primer)
Syn./Alkyd Redoxide Primer
Syn./Alkyd Zinc Chromate Primer
Syn. Alkyd Zinc Phosphate Primer
Epoxy Zinc Phosphate Primer - 2 Pack
Epoxy Zinc Rich Primer - 2 Pack
Epoxy High Build primer - 2 Pack
Syn./Alkyd Zinc Chromate
Syn./Alkyd Zinc Phosphate
Epoxy Zinc Phosphate - 2 Pack
Epoxy Zinc Rich - 2 Pack
Compatibility to be the basis of system selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS: METALLIC SURFACES
SOLVENT BASED

58. SEQUENCE
OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
FERROUS NON FERROUS
GI / ALUMINIUM
FILLING
(Filler / Putty)
Syn./Alkyd Putty or
N.C.Putty or
Polyester Putty - 2 Pack
Syn./Alkyd Putty or
N.C.Putty or
Polyester Putty - 2 Pack
SEALING
(Sealer /
Surfacer)
Syn./Alkyd Primer Surfacer or
N.C.Primer Surfacer
Syn./Alkyd Primer Surfacer or
N.C.Primer Surfacer
FINISHING
(Top coats)
Syn/Alkyd Enamels (4 variants) or
Nitro Cellulose Paint or
Chlorinated Rubber Paint or
Epoxy Enamel - 2 Pack or
Polyurethane Enamel - 2 Pack
Syn/Alkyd Enamels (4) or
Nitro Cellulose Paint or
Chlorinated Rubber Paint or
Epoxy Enamel - 2 Pack or
Polyurethane Enamel - 2 Pack
Compatibility to be the basis of system selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS: METALLIC SURFACES
SOLVENT BASED Contd.

59. SEQUENCE
OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Silicon Brick rubbing/grinding.
Sanding with waterproof paper
Water jet washing
Silicon Brick rubbing/ grinding
Sanding with waterproof paper.
Water jet washing.
PRE-
TREATMENT
Fungicidal Wash
if fungus infected / suspected
Fungicidal Wash
if fungus infected / algae
present.
PRIMING
(Primer)
CEMENT PRIMER
Solvent thinnable
PU Penetration Primer
CEMENT PRIMER
Water thinnable (Int)
It is advised to leave a minimum of three months gap from the date of plastering,
including a monsoon, to obtain best results.
Compatibility to be the basis of system selection
PAINTING SYSTEMS: NORMAL WALLS
PLASTERED – INTERIOR

60. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
FILLING
(Filler/Putty)
Acrylic Wall Putty
Polymer + Cement Combination-putty
Water Epoxy + Cement Combination-
putty.
Acrylic Wall Putty
Polymer + Cement Combination-putty
Water Epoxy + Cement Combination-
putty.
SEALING(Sealer/
Surfacer)
Cement Primer
Solvent thinnable
PU Penetration Primer
Cement Primer
Water thinnable (Int)
FINISHING
(Top coats)
Syn/Alkyd Enamels (4 variants)
Epoxy Enamel – 2 Pack Gloss
Polyurethane Int – 2 Pack Matt
Syn / Acrylic Distemper- Matt
Economy Emulsion - Matt
Premium Emulsion - Matt
Luxury Emulsion - Sheen
Super Luxury Emulsion - Strech
It is advised to leave a minimum of three months gap from the date of plastering,
including a monsoon, to obtain best results.
Compatibility to be the basis of system selection
PAINTING SYSTEMS: NORMAL WALLS
PLASTERED – INTERIOR Contd.

61. SEQUENCE
OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Silicon Brick rubbing/ grinding
Sanding with waterproof paper.
Water jet washing.
Silicon Brick rubbing/ grinding
Sanding with waterproof paper.
Water jet washing.
PRE-
TREATMENT
Fungicidal Wash
if fungus infected / algae
present.
Fungicidal Wash
if fungus infected / algae
present.
PRIMING
(Primer)
CEMENT PRIMER
Solvent Thinnable
PU Penetration Primer.
CEMENT PRIMER
Water thinnable(Ext)
Epoxy Water Thinnable
It is advised to leave a minimum of three months gap from the date of plastering,
including a monsoon, to obtain best results.
Compatibility to be the basis of system selection
PAINTING SYSTEMS: NORMAL WALLS
PLASTERED – EXTERIOR

62. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
FILLING
(Filler/Putty)
Polymer + Cement Combination-putty
Water Epoxy + Cement Combination-
putty.
White Cement based Putty
Polymer + Cement Combination-putty
Water Epoxy + Cement Combination-
putty.
White Cement based Putty
SEALING(Sealer/
Surfacer)
Cement Primer
Solvent thinnable
PU Penetration Primer
Cement Primer
Water thinnable (Ext)
FINISHING
(Top coats)
Syn/Alkyd Enamels (4 variants)
Polyurethane Ext. 2 Pack - Matt
Cement-Based Paint
Exterior Emulsion- Matt
Exterior Emulsion -Silk
Exterior Emulsion -SandTexture
Exterior Elastomeric Paint - Sheen
It is advised to leave a minimum of three months gap from the date of plastering,
including a monsoon, to obtain best results.
Compatibility to be the basis of system selection
PAINTING SYSTEMS: NORMAL WALLS
PLASTERED – EXTERIOR Contd.

63. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Use a cement softening solution,
REBAKLENS / CEMKLENS in the
prescribed dilution to remove the
cement adhering to the brick faces.
Jet Wash using Nylon / wire brush to
clean the surface.
Use a cement softening solution,
REBAKLENS/CEMKLENS
in the prescribed dilution to remove the
cement adhering to the brick faces.
Jet Wash using Nylon / wire brush to
clean the surface.
SMOOTHENING/
LEVELLING OF
BRICKS
Use white cement & fine
sand mix with Red-oxide +
Yellow oxide colourants to match shade to
repair / fill up pores in the brick and
smoothen.
Use white cement & fine
sand mix with Redoxide +
Yellowoxide colourants to match shade to
repair / fill up pores in the brick and
smoothen.
COATINGS Syn.Alkyd Clear Varnish Gloss.
P.U. Single Pack (Interior) Gloss/Matt.
Acrylic Emulsion Clear - Matt
It is advised to leave a minimum of three months gap from the date of plastering,
including a monsoon, to obtain best results.
Compatibility to be the basis of system selection
PAINTING SYSTEMS: BARE BRICK WALL
INTERIORS

64. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Use a cement softening solution,
REBAKLENS/CEMKLENS
in the prescribed dilution to remove the
cement adhering to the brick faces.
Jet Wash using Nylon / wire brush to
clean the surface.
Use a cement softening solution,
REBAKLENS/CEMKLENS
in the prescribed dilution to remove the
cement adhering to the brick faces.
Jet Wash using Nylon / wire brush to
clean the surface.
SMOOTHENING/
LEVELLING OF
BRICKS
Use white cement & fine
sand mix with Redoxide +
Yellowoxide colourants to match shade to
repair / fill up pores in the brick and
smoothen.
Use white cement & fine
sand mix with Redoxide +
Yellowoxide colourants to match shade to
repair / fill up pores in the brick and
smoothen.
COATINGS Silicon Clear - Matt. (SB)
P.U. Single Pack (exterior grade) Gloss / Matt.
Pure Polyurethane - 2 Pack Gloss / Matt.
Silicon Clear - Matt. (WB)
Acrylic Emulsion Clear - Matt
It is advised to leave a minimum of three months gap from the date of plastering,
including a monsoon, to obtain best results.
Compatibility to be the basis of system selection
PAINTING SYSTEMS: BARE BRICK WALL
EXTERIOR

65. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Sanding (Manual/Machine) Sanding (Manual/Machine)
PRE-
TREATMENT
Wood Protector Clear
(to eradicate traces of
white ant / wood rot if any)
Wood Protector Clear
(to eradicate traces of
white ant / wood rot if any)
PRIMING
(Primer)
Wood Primer Pink / White
PU Penetration Primer
Wood Primer Pink / White
FILLING
(Filler / Putty)
Syn./Alkyd Knifing Paste Filler
or
N.C.Putty
Acrylic Putty
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS : WOOD INTERIOR
COLOUR / OPAQUE

66. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SEALING
(Sealer)
Syn/Alkyd Primer Surfacer or
PU Penetration Primer - or
NC Primer Surfacer
Water based Enamel – self sealer
FINISHING
(Top Coats)
Syn/Alkyd Enamel
Melamine Wood Pallette 2 pack
PU Wood Pallette 2 pack
Epoxy Enamel 2 pack
Polyurethane Enamel 2 pack
Water based Enamel
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS : WOOD INTERIOR
COLOUR / OPAQUE Contd.

67. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Sanding with different grits from
medium to extra fine.
Sanding with different grits from
medium to extra fine.
PRE-
TREATMENT
Wood Protector - Clear
(to eradicate traces of
white ants / wood rot if any.)
Wood Protector - Clear
(to eradicate traces of
white ants / wood rot if any.)
FILLING
(Filler)
Wood Filler Syn./Alkyd - Clear
Wood Filler NC - Clear PU 1 Pack Sealer Clear
STAINING
(Stainer)
Stainer for Interior Wood.
(apply directly to the surface by pad /
spray. It can also be used with sealer
/ finish coats- 10% mix)
Stainer for Interior Wood – water base
(apply directly to the surface by pad /
spray. It can also be used with sealer /
finish coats- 10% mix)
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS : WOOD INTERIOR
CLEAR / TRANSPARENT

68. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SEALING
(Sealer)
Sanding Sealer N.C. or
Sealer Melamine 2 Pack or
High Solids Sealer PU 2 Pack
Aqua PU 1 Pack Sealer
FINISHING
(Top coats)
Syn/Alkyd Varnish Gloss or
P.U. Single Pack Clear Gloss or
Matt or
N.C.Clear Gloss or
Melamine 2 Pack Matt/Gloss or
Pure Polyurethane Clear 2 Pack
(Matt /Silk matt/ Glossy)
Aqua PU 1 Pack Gloss / Matt
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS : WOOD INTERIOR
CLEAR / TRANSPARENT Contd.

69. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Sanding (Manual/Machine) Sanding (Manual/Machine)
PRE-
TREATMENT
Wood Protector Clear
(to eradicate traces of
white ant / wood rot if any)
Wood Protector Clear
(to eradicate traces of
white ant / wood rot if any)
PRIMING
(Primer)
Wood Primer Pink / White
PU Penetration Primer
Wood Primer Pink / White
FILLING
(Filler / Putty)
N.C.Putty or
Epoxy Putty - 2 Pack or
PU Putty - 2 Pack or
Polyester Putty - 2 Pack
No water based Ext putty now
available.
NC Putty can be used.
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS : WOOD EXTERIOR
COLOUR / OPAQUE

70. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SEALING
(Sealer) Syn/Alkyd Primer Surfacer or
PU Penetration Primer-Clear or
NC Primer Surfacer
Water based Enamel as Self Sealer
FINISHING
(Top Coats)
Syn/Alkyd Enamels (4 variants)
Polyurethane Enamel 2 pack Water based Enamel
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS : WOOD EXTERIOR
COLOUR / OPAQUE Contd.

71. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Sanding with different grits from
medium to extra fine.
Sanding with different grits from
medium to extra fine.
PRE-
TREATMENT
Wood Protector - Clear
(to eradicate traces of
white ants / wood rot if any.)
Wood Protector - Clear
(to eradicate traces of
white ants / wood rot if any.)
FILLING
(Filler)
Epoxy Putty
[only on holes/dents]
Aqua PU Sealer
STAINING
(Stainer)
Base coat Stain for Exterior Wood.
(apply directly to the surface
by brush/ spray)
Water based stain - exterior grade
(apply directly to the surface
by brush/ pad / spray)
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS : WOOD - EXTERIOR
CLEAR / TRANSPARENT

72. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SOLVENT BASED WATER BASED
SEALING
(Sealer) High Solids Sealer PU 2 Pack Aqua PU Sealer
FINISHING
(Top coats)
Pure Polyurethane (PU) 2 Pack
Aqua PU
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS : WOOD - EXTERIOR
CLEAR / TRANSPARENT Contd.

73. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Silicon carbide Brick rubbing. Sanding with waterproof paper.
Water jet washing
PRE-
TREATMENT
Fungicidal wash (if fungus infected / suspected)
PRIMING
(Primer)
Epoxy : water thinnable or Epoxy : Solvent thinnable
or PU Penetration Primer
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS:
BATHROOM WALLS / FLOORS

74. SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
FILLING
(Filler / Putty)
Water Epoxy + Cement combination - Putty
Solvent Epoxy + French chalk - Putty
SEALING
(Sealing)
PU Penetration Primer or Epoxy Water thinnable or
Epoxy Solvent thinnable
FINISHING
(Top Coats)
Epoxy Enamel Solvent base, Polyurethane Paint 2 Pack
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
PAINTING SYSTEMS:
BATHROOM WALLS / FLOORS Contd.

75. Fungicidal wash if fungus infected / suspected
PRE-
TREATMENT
Silicon Brick rubbing with different grit.
Sanding with waterproof paper.
Nylon brush & Water jet washing.
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
Epoxy - water base.
Epoxy - solvent base.
PU Penetration Primer - SB
PRIMING
(Primer)
SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
PAINTING SYSTEMS : FLOORS

76. FINISHING
(Top Coats)
Epoxy Water Base. 2 Pack
Epoxy Paint - Solvent Base 2 Pack
PU Penetration Primer – SB.
SEALING
(Sealer)
Water Epoxy + cement combination - putty.
Solvent Epoxy + French chalk - putty.
FILLING
(Filler / Putty)
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
Epoxy - Water Base 2 Pack
Epoxy Paint - Solvent Base 2 Pack
Epoxy High Build - Solvent Base 2 Pack
Epoxy Self level grade – Solvent Base 2 Pack
Polyurethane Paint 2 Pack
SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
PAINTING SYSTEMS : FLOORS Contd.

77. PRIMING
(Primer)
Fungicidal wash, if fungus infected/suspected.
PRE-
TREATMENT
Silicon Brick rubbing
Wire brushing.
Wet sanding with waterproof paper
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
Chlororubber Paint - Solvent Base
Epoxy water base.
SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
PAINTING SYSTEMS: WATER TANKS (INSIDE - DRINKING)

78. Epoxy Water Base.
SEALING
(Sealer)
Water Epoxy + cement combination
FILLING (Filler)
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
Chlororubber Paint – Solvent Base
Epoxy Water Base
FINISHING
(Top coats)
SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
PAINTING SYSTEMS: WATER TANKS (INSIDE - DRINKING)
Contd.

79. PAINTING SYSTEMS: ROOF TOP / TERRACES / SUNSHADES
SOLVENT BASED
WATER BASED
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
Wire Brush + Jet water wash
Wire Brush + Jet water wash
Rubbing with different grades of Silicon
Brick to level imperfections.
Rubbing with different grades of
Silicon Brick to level imperfections.
Chiselling to remove extraneous
hardened substances adhering to the
surface.
Chiselling to remove extraneous
hardened substances adhering to the
surface.
SURFACE
PREPARATION
Wet sanding with
Waterproof paper to
remove dirt, fungus etc.
Wet sanding with
Waterproof paper to
remove dirt, fungus etc.

80. PAINTING SYSTEMS: ROOF TOP / TERRACES / SUNSHADES
Contd.
SOLVENT BASED
WATER BASED
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
Not Advised
Polymer + cement combination-
putty. Water Epoxy + cement
combination putty.
Polyfibre WP Coat+
Cement+Sand
FILLING (Filler)
PU Penetration Primer - SB
Epoxy Water Base
Exterior Wall Sealer
Polyfibre W/P Coat
PRIMING (Primer)
Fungicidal wash
Fungicidal wash
PRE - TREATMENT
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.

81. PAINTING SYSTEMS : ROOF TOP / TERRACES / SUNSHADES
Contd.
Compatibility to be the basis of system choice/selection.
MATERIALS SPECIFIED AND OPERATIONS
SEQUENCE OF
OPERATION
WATER BASED SOLVENT BASED
SEALING
(Sealer)
Primer Epoxy Water Thinnable Not needed
FINISHING
(Top coats)
Exterior Emulsion -
DPR/Silk
Polyfibre Water Proof Coat
Pure PU 2 Pack

82. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
METAL – NON
FERROUS
Syn. Paste
Filler
Syn. Paste
Filler or
NC Putty
Syn. Primer
Surfacer
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR ALKYD ENAMEL
TOP COAT
Syn.
Enamel
Syn.
Enamel
Syn. Primer
Surfacer
Wash Primer
followed by
Syn. Zinc
Chromate
Syn. Red oxide
or
Syn. Zinc
Chromate
or
Syn. Zinc
Phosphate
METAL –
FERROUS

83. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
WOOD for
Transparent
Syn. Wood
Filler or
NC Wood
Filler
Syn. Paste
Filler
Syn. Primer
Surfacer
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR ALKYD ENAMEL
TOP COAT
Syn. Clear
Varnish
Syn. Enamel
Syn. Clear
Varnish
Wood Protector
clear
WOOD for
opaque
Paint
Syn. Wood
Primer

84. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
Syn. Paste
Filler
Syn. Cement
Primer-ST
or
Syn. Primer
Surfacer
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR ALKYD ENAMEL
TOP COAT
Syn. Enamel or
Lustre-finish
or
Flat oil Paint
PLASTER Syn. Cement
Primer-ST

85. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
METAL – NON
FERROUS
N.C. Putty
N.C. Putty N.C. Primer Surfacer
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR NITRO-CELLULOSE PAINT
TOP COAT
N.C. Paint
N.C. Paint
N.C. Primer Surfacer
Wash Primer
followed by
Syn. Zinc Chromate
or
Syn. Zinc Phosphate
Syn. Zinc Chromate
Primer
or
Syn. Zinc Phosphate
Primer
METAL –FERROUS

86. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
WOOD:
Transparent
NC Wood
Filler Clear
N.C.Putty Syn. Primer
Surfacer
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR NITRO-CELLULOSE PAINT
TOP COAT
NC Clear
Laquer
N.C.Paint
NC Standing
sealer clear
Wood Protector
clear
WOOD:
opaque
Paint
Syn. Wood
Primer

87. PUTTY/
FILLER
WOOD:
Transparent
Melamine WF
NC Clear Wood
Filler
N.C.Putty N.C. Primer
Surfacer
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR MELAMINE
Melamine clear
Melamine colours
Melamine clear
sealer
Wood Protector
clear
WOOD:
opaque Paint
Wood Primer
TOP COAT
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
SUBSTRATE PRIMER

88. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
METAL – NON
FERROUS
Epoxy Putty
or
Polyester Putty
Epoxy Putty
or
Polyester Putty
Epoxy Clear
PU Penetration
Clear
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR EPOXY ENAMEL
Epoxy Enamel
Epoxy Enamel
Epoxy Clear
PU Penetration
Clear
Wash Primer
followed by
Epoxy Zinc
rich Primer
TOP COAT
METAL –
FERROUS
Epoxy Red oxide
or
Epoxy Zinc
rich
Primer
or
Epoxy High-
rich Primer

89. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
WOOD:
Transparent
PU High Solids
sealer
Epoxy Putty
or
Polyester Putty
Epoxy Clear or
PU Penetration
Clear
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR EPOXY ENAMEL
TOP COAT
Epoxy Enamel
Clear
Epoxy Enamel
PU High Solids
sealer
Wood Protector
clear
WOOD:
opaque Paint
Epoxy Clear or
PU Penetration
Clear

90. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
Epoxy Putty
or
Polyester Putty
Epoxy Clear or
PU Penetration
Clear
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR EPOXY ENAMEL
TOP COAT
Epoxy Enamel
PLASTER Epoxy Clear or
PU Penetration
Clear

91. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
METAL – NON
FERROUS
Epoxy Putty
or
Polyester Putty
or
PU Putty
Epoxy Putty
or
Polyester Putty
or
PU Putty
PU Penetration
Clear
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR POLYURETHANE ENAMEL
PU Enamel
PU Enamel
PU Penetration
Clear
Wash Primer
followed by
Epoxy Zinc
rich Primer
TOP COAT
METAL –
FERROUS
Epoxy Red oxide
or
Epoxy Zinc
rich
Primer
or
Epoxy High-
build Primer

92. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
WOOD for
Transparent
PU High Solids
sealer
Epoxy Putty
or
Polyester Putty
or
PU Putty
PU Penetration
Clear
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR POLYURETHANE ENAMEL
TOP COAT
PU Clear
PU Enamel
PU High Solids
sealer
Wood Protector
clear
WOOD for
opaque Paint
PU Penetration
Clear

93. SUBSTRATE PRIMER PUTTY/
FILLER
PRIMER
SURFACER/
SEALER
PU Putty PU Penetration
Clear
COMPATIBLE SYSTEM FOR POLYURETHANE
TOP COAT
PU Enamel
PLASTER PU Penetration
Clear

94. SPRAYING
PADDING / RAGGING
KNIFING
DIPPING / IMMERSION
PAINT APPLICATION TECHNIQUE / METHOD
ROLLING
BRUSHING

95. Hold your brush properly to prevent muscle fatigue in your hand,
wrist, and arm. When cutting in, use the pencil grip, which allows
for a lot of control. Simply cradle the brush handle between the
thumb and index finger of your dominant hand. Rest your index
finger on the narrow edge of the brush, and position your thumb on
one side and your remaining fingerson the other side of the brush’s
metal band.
BRUSHING

96. PAINT BRUSHES

97. PAINT APPLICATION TECHNIQUE / METHOD
RUBBER MOULDED
(For Designs / Textures / Patterns)
RUBBER / ACRYLIC FOAM SPONGE
FELT TYPE
(Syn / Acrylic Fibre)
ROLLING

98. PAINT ROLLING

99. PAINT ROLLERS

100. PAINT ROLLING

102. SPRAYING
CONVENTIONAL
AEROSOL
ELECTROSTATIC
AIRLESS
PAINT APPLICATION TECHNIQUE / METHOD

103. PAINT SPRAY GUNS

104. AIRLESS SPRAY SYSTEM

105. PREPARATORY MATERIALS
TOOL DESCRIPTION SIZES /
GRADES
USAGE / UTILITY
Wire Brush Wooden handle with
thin steel wires.
Cleaning of concrete /
plastered areas.
To create a key for proper
bonding of overcoats of
cement-based paints.
Hard Fibre
Nylon Scrub
Brush /
Corner Brush
Wooden handle with
hard nylon fibre
bristles.
General cleaning on
previously coated areas to
remove fungus, dirt etc.
Washing freshly plastered
areas along with jet spray
to remove alkaline salts
present on the surface.

106. WALL CLEANING BRUSHES

107. PREPARATORY MATERIALS
TOOL DESCRIPTION SIZES /
GRADES
USAGE / UTILITY
Putty
Blades
Steel Blade 150 & 100mm To apply putty to fill up
sand pores / undulations on
walls.
75 & 50mm To apply putty on wooden
surfaces.
25mm For use on cracks.
For gap filling & levelling.
Scrapper
Blades
Narrow,Elongate
d
Hacksaw metal
blades
To scrape down a thin layer /
teethmarks left by the
carpenter's plane on wooden
surfaces.
To scrap down unstable /
unknown coatings on
plastered areas / any surface.

108. PUTTY BLADES

109. TOOL DESCRIPTION SIZES /
GRADES
USAGE / UTILITY
Flint Paper/
Sandpaper
(dry sanding)
Natural sand (of grit size
segregated) glued to a
paper base.
30 - 150 To dry sand wooden &
plastered surfaces; to
smoothen.
Alu oxide
Opencoat
Paper
(dry sanding )
Aluminium oxide
grains glued to a paper
base with open space for
the dust not to clog.
50 - 220 To dry sand wooden &
plastered surfaces to
smoothen.
ABRASIVES
PREPARATORY MATERIALS

110. Finishing Paper /
Stearated Paper
(Dry Sanding)
Stearated
Aluminium oxide
Particles on paper
backing
150 - 400 Dry Sanding on coated /
painted surface to remove
brush / roller marks / dust nibs
etc. between coats for
a fine finish.
To create a key between the
coats of paint
PREPARATORY MATERIALS
TOOL DESCRIPTION SIZES /
GRADES
USAGE / UTILITY
ABRASIVES

111. Emery Paper /cloth
(dry sanding)
Silicon carbide
particles on paper
/ cloth
30 - 150 Dry sand on metal surfaces to
remove rust, grit etc.
To create a key between the
metal surface and coats of
paint.
Waterproof Paper
(wet / dry sanding)
Silicon carbide
particles on
waterproof paper
80 - 1500 Wet / Dry sanding of any
substrate-wood, metal, plaster
etc. ; to clean, smoothen or for
intercoat key.
PREPARATORY MATERIALS
TOOL DESCRIPTION SIZES /
GRADES
USAGE / UTILITY
ABRASIVES

112. ABRASIVE SHEETS

113. IMPORTANCE OF SANDING
&
SANDING SEQUENCE
• Prior to begin sanding, clean the surface from grime & dust preferably with a
solvent wipe (MTO).
• Start sanding from coarser grit & follow sequentially with all lower grits viz.
50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 180 & 220
• Try not to skip the grit sequence to ensure removal of scratch marks created
by the previous grit.
• Use stearated paper (Nofil) over a coating / any coating / between coating
• Since it has dry lube & anti-static property, Sanding dust will not clog in &
you can tap on its back & remove dust easily.
Final sanding with wrong grit size : Poorer the finish
Final sanding with Finer / right grit size : Better the finish

114. For

118. SANDING BLOCKS

119. SANDING MACHINES

120. TOOL DESCRIPTION SIZES / GRADES USAGE / UTILITY
PREPARATORY MATERIALS
Bonded Abrasive
made of Silicon
Carbide.
To remove loose cement
particles adhering to the
surface of freshly plastered
walls.
To smoothen & level walls /
roof tops and other, plastered
areas.
Silicon carbide
Rubbing Brick.
(wet / dry
rubbing)
To remove brush marks on
existing cement based
coating/white cement washed
areas.
ABRASIVES

121. TOOL DESCRIPTION SIZES / GRADES USAGE / UTILITY
Metal / Steel
fine fibres
000 - 2
To smoothen carved areas,
grooves, niches of wooden
areas.
Metal grills and joints
where normally sand/emery
papering not possible due to
inaccessibility
Steelwool
Sponge
(dry sanding)
Abrasive
Scrub Pad
(wet / dry
sanding)
Syn. woven pad
with aluminium
oxide grits
Coarse to
Ultra fine
To dry or wet sand any surface
to smoothen or clean.
PREPARATORY MATERIALS
ABRASIVES

122. ABRASIVE SCRUB PADS

123. CAUTION
Lime/Lime Substitutes
as primer /undercoats
High alkalinity &
a weak coating
Poor adhesion to original
substrate resulting in
peeling off, of finish coats .
Patchy appearance
AVOID USAGE OF REASON POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECTS
Plaster of paris in
custom-made putty
High alkalinity Absorption and retention of
moisture will lead to
efflorescence and peeling
off, of finish paints .

124. Putty with out
base coat of
primer
Not
formulated
for such use.
Poor adhesion
Chalking of putty
Loss of strength / poor strength
AVOID USAGE OF REASON POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECTS
Syn / Acrylic
Distemper on
exterior walls
Not
formulated
for such use
Colour fading
Chalking
Peeling
No water repellent property
Fungus growth
CAUTION

125. Normal Wall Putty on
exterior walls
exposed to direct
rains
Not formulated, for
such use
Chalking, Flaking, Peeling
AVOID USAGE OF REASON POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECTS
White Cement Not formulated
For brushing.
It is a raw material
for cement paints ,
mosaics etc.
The fast settling property of mixed
white cement leads to an uneven layer
of coating which will get highlighted
through the final finish/top coats of
paint
CAUTION
Doesn’t possess flow
& levelling
property.
Not a smooth and
decorative
coating,intended for
beautiful interiors .
Finish will be rough and gritty.
Unless spray wetted before and
after application, setting will
be doubtful in addition to resulting in
patchy appearance and chalking .
Cement based paint
for re-finishing
interiors .

126. High absorbent
nature of the
surface
Apply an extra coat of
primer.
COMMON DEFECTS POSSIBLE REASON REMEDIES
Cracking /
chipping off of paint
film
Excessive use of
putty or applying a
very thick
coat of paint
Avoid using excess putty or
a thick coat of paint
Improper
application of primer
coat over putty so
that putty is not
fully covered.
Cover putty completely
with the primer coat
without gaps / pin holes
Flaking off of paint
film
Patchiness or
uneven finish
TROUBLE SHOOTING

127. a) Give a long time gap - around
six months between plastering
and painting.
(this period should necessarily
include one monsoon)
COMMON DEFECTS POSSIBLE REASON REMEDIES
b) Use coatings from the water-
proofing range (Water dilutable
epoxy / polymer slurry)possessing
high alkali resistance-
one/two/three coats depending
upon the alkalinity as primer coats
Efflorescence
formation of white
powdery deposit on
walls after painting
Presence of salts in
building materials like
brick / mortar, which
may surface later on.
TROUBLE SHOOTING

128. DO’S FOR BETTER PAINT APPLICATION
ENSURE THROUGH CLEANING OF SURFACES.
1. APPLY RECOMMENDED PRETREATMENT SOLUTION.
2. USE ONLY RECOMMENDED THINNER.
3. ENSURE PROPER MIXING OF PAINT.
4. PROPER VISCOSITY ADJUSTMENT.
5. ENSURE PROPER QUALITY AND CLEANING OF BRUSHES,
ROLLERS, SPRAY GUNS etc.
• NB: Manufacturer’s recommendations and instructions should be strictly
adhered to.

129. PAINT APPLICATION TECHNIQUES
BRUSHING
DIPCOATING
CONVENTIONAL SPRAYING
AIRLESS SPRAYING
AEROSOL SPRAYING
AUTOMOTIVE SPRAYING
ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYING
ELECTRO DEPOSITION
LOW PRESSURE HOT SPRAYING
ROLLER COATING
COIL COATING
CURTAIN COATING
FLOW COATING
BARRELLING
FLUIDIZED BED COATING
SCREEN PRINTING
STENCILLING

130. Spectrophotometer
Digital Color Scanner

132. Light Simulating Booth
Eight different lighting for Color matching

133. Color Dispensing Machines
Possibility of making Thousands of Colors

136. Latest Trends
in
Paints