Surface Coating Industry"""Surface Coating Industry""" is a sector undergoing constant evolution, driven by demands for enhanced performance,environmental responsibility, and cost-effectiveness. Technological advancements play a crucial role, with innovations in resin chemistry, pigment technology, and application methods constantly pushing the boundaries of what's possible. The industry caters to a diverse range of applications, from protecting architectural structures and automotive components to enhancing the functionality of electronics and consumer goods. Sustainability concerns are increasingly prominent, leading to a greater focus on water-based coatings, powder coatings, and bio-based materials that minimize volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and reduce the environmental footprint. Competition is intense, with companies striving to differentiate themselves through specialized products, superior technical support, and a commitment to innovation. The future of the surface coating industry hinges on its ability to adapt to changing market needs, embrace sustainable practices, and leverage technological advancements to deliver high-performance solutions.The pursuit of improved durability, weather resistance, and aesthetic appeal remains a central driving force. Self-healing coatings, nanotechnology-enhanced materials, and smart coatings with functionalities like anti-corrosion and self-cleaning properties are gaining traction. Digital printing technologies are enabling customized surface finishes and intricate designs, opening up new creative possibilities. Moreover, regulatory pressures regarding VOC emissions and hazardous substances continue to shape product development, prompting manufacturers to explore greener alternatives and more efficient application techniques. Collaboration between coating manufacturers, raw material suppliers, and end-users is crucial for accelerating innovation and addressing industry challenges. The ongoing research and development efforts are focused on creating coatings that not only protect and enhance surfaces but also contribute to a more sustainable and resource-efficient future. Market trends indicate a growing demand for high-performance coatings in emerging economies, driven by infrastructure development and industrial expansion. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy technologies is creating new opportunities for specialized coatings that can withstand extreme conditions and enhance the efficiency of these systems. The surface coating industry is poised for continued growth and innovation, driven by a commitment to meeting evolving customer needs and environmental imperatives.The industry is also witnessing a surge in demand for coatings with enhanced antimicrobial and antiviral properties, particularly in healthcare and public spaces. These coatings help to minimize the spread of infections and create safer environments. Advances in polymer chemistry are enablin

1. JIMMA UNIVERSITY
JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
PROCESS ENGINEERING-(ChEg3214)
GROUP ASSIGNMENT AND PRESENTATION
Surface Coating Industry
PREPARED BY- THIRD YEAR-GROUP II STUDENTS
SUBMITED TO-MR YASIN M.(MSC.)
SUBMITTION DATE APRIL 25-2024

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GROUP TWO
GROUP MEMBERS ID NO.
1. NATNAEL ALEMAYEHU………………………………………RU1439/14
2. SEADA MOHAMMEDNUR………………………………….RU0390/14
3. NYOK ADHALLA…………………………………………………Ru4772/14

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CONTENTS
I. Surface Coating Industry
 Paints, pigments, varnishes
 Industrial Coatings
 printing inks, and industrial Polishes

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 SURFACE-COATING SUBSTANCES –MIXTURE OF FILM-FORMING
MATERIALS WITH THE ADDITION OF PIGMENTS, SOLVENTS, AND
OTHER ADDITIVES, WHICH WHEN APPLIED TO A SURFACE AND THEN
DRIED, WILL YIELD A THIN FILM THAT IS FUNCTIONAL AND
DECORATIVE IN SENSE.
SURFACE-COATING SUBSTANCES:
RAW MATERIALS THERE ARE FOUR BASIC RAW MATERIALS
NECESSARY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COATING SUBSTANCES:
1.PIGMENT 2. RESIN
3. SOLVENT 4. ADDITIVE
Surface Coating
Industries

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Pigments
Pigments are colored, organic and inorganic substances that are widely
used in coating industries as well as in ink, plastic, rubber, ceramic and
paper industries whose main function is to impart color of desired tint
and shade.
•Lithopones – is a mixed zinc sulfide- barium sulfate pigment that
contains about thirty percent zinc sulfide. – are used in water-
based paints because of their excellent alkali resistance. –
The synthesis involves the following reactions: BaSO4 + 4C BaS +
4CO BaS+ ZnSO4
ZnS + BaSO4
• White Pigment
 FIG-1:Matural Black oxide

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•Titanium Dioxide – is regarded as the most important
white pigment being utilized by majority of industries
today – is marketed in two crystalline forms, anatase
and the more stable rutile.
Anatase can be converted to rutile by heating to 700-
950°C. TiO2 is widely employed in exterior paints and
also in enamels and lacquers.
Titanium Dioxide – It is manufactured via the following
processes:
Chloride Process in TiO2 making
Sulfate Process in TiO2 making

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• Natural Black Oxide - This contains 94- 95% Fe2O3. It’s a
cheap pigment used in primers for metals. It can absorb about
10-15 kg of linseed oil per 100 kg of pigment.
Precipitated Black Iron Oxide - It has blue-black color and
manufactured from a solution of- FeCl2. The solution is taken in
wooden tanks and ample amount of lime water is added to it in
order to precipitate iron. Black Iron Oxide
 FIG-2:Matural Black oxide

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Cont’d…..
Lampblack can be prepared by heating heavy mineral oils in a
limited supply of air. The soot is collected then from multi-
compartment chambers at regular intervals
 FIG-3: Precipitated Black Iron Oxide
 FIG-4: Lampblack

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 FIG-5: ULTRAMARIRE BLUE
FIG-6: PHTHALOCYANINE BLUE
FIG-7:FERROCYANIDE BLUE

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 FIG-8:RED LEAD
 FIG-9:
 FIG-11:
 FIG-10:

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Cont’d…….
Cadmium Reds – a synthetic, inorganic pigment mostly made up
of cadmium sulfoselenide. – Cadmium red is low in oil absorption
with slow drying rate. It is suitable for all media except for exterior
designs.
Cadmium Red
Ochre Ochre
Chrome Yellows
Chromium Oxide Green
Phthalocyanine Green
Phthalo Green

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Industrial Resin
these are synthetic polymers that have adhesive, film-forming and
useful reactive properties. - bind with pigments in order to form a
continuous film that is important for aesthetic and protective
purposes.
Industrial Resin
• Shellac • Phenolic Resin • Alkyd Resins • Unsaturated Polyester
resins. • Formaldehyde resins • Amino Resins • Epoxy Resins
A. Paint
• are stable mechanical mixtures of one or more pigments.
• Pigments and extenders are carried or suspended in dryings oils
or solvents.
• solvent serves as the drying material to which other ingredients
might be added

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Types of Paint
• Solvent based 1. Emulsion based
• Water based 2. Latex based
GRAPH:1

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Manufacturing
Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC) = volume of
𝑃𝑉𝐶
pigment in paint vol. of pigment in paint + vol. of nonvolatile
vehicle constituents in paint
Table 1. Range of PVC for a given paint Flat paints 50-75%
Exterior house paints 28-36% Semi-gloss paints 35-45% Metal
primers 25-40% Gloss paints 25-35% Wood primers 35-40%
TABLE:1

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It is desired to make an exterior house paint of color blue with a
reddish undertone. The manufacturer decided to use a mass ratio of 2:3, a
combination of pigment to resin (polyvinyl acetate, PVA). Solvent will then
be added to about 25% utilized PVA at a flow rate of 100kg/h.
Determine if this combination will qualify as an exterior house paint.
The following empirical data are available as follows.
TABLE:2

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Sample Problem
1.0 Substance SG, @ 25 Ultramarine Blue 2.35
℃
Phthalocyanine Blue 1.62 Prussian Blue 1.8 Polyvinyl Acetate 1.19

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Solution Basis:
1 hr operation Identify: Solvent—water (latex, PVA) Pigment-
Ultramarine Blue (reddish undertone property) mH2O=
100.0 kg VH2O= 100.0 1000 3 = 0.1 m3 Solve for
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
Pigment and Resin mass and corresponding volume used: mresin=
0.25(100)= 25.0kg mpigment= 2 3 × 25 = 16.667 Vresin=
𝑘𝑔
25.0 1.19 (1000 / 3 = 0.02101 m3 Vpigment= 16.667
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑘
2.35(1000 3 = 0.00709m3 PVC= 0.00709
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
0.02101+0.00709+0.1 × 100= 5.54%
B. Varnish - refers to a preparation consisting of resinous matter
such as copal or lac, dissolved in an oil or in alcohol or other
volatile liquid

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Examples
• Spirit Varnishes • Oleoresinous Varnishes • Japans
C. Lacquers - defined as those non-convertible coatings and
principally as a coating composition based on a synthetic,
thermoplastic, film- forming material dissolved in organic solvents that
dries by solvent evaporation or a curing process that produces a hard,
durable finish.
D. Enamels - It is used to get a good gloss because after drying, the
enamels will form a very good lustrous and glossy finish.
Brushing - This is the simplest method and also the slowest and most
expensive. - Promotes better wetting of the surface and can be used in
restricted spaces, be useful for small areas, with less wastage and
contamination of surroundings.
Roller
Air Spray
Airless Spray
Electrostatic Spraying

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FIG:12

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THANKYOU!!!
APPRIL 25/2024
JIMMA,ETHIOPIA