Ammonia (NH3) is a toxic, reactive, and corrosive gas with a sharp odor. It is widely used in fertilizers, plastics, and explosives. Ammonia has unusually strong intermolecular forces due to hydrogen bonding between its molecules. When dissolved in water, ammonia acts as a weak base and reacts to form ammonium and hydroxide ions. The commercial production of ammonia through the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen gases was developed by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch. Their Haber-Bosch process uses iron catalysts at high pressures and temperatures of 400-600°C to produce a useful equilibrium amount of ammonia.