This editorial discusses urine-derived stem cells (USCs) as a novel cell source for urethral tissue regeneration. USCs can be obtained non-invasively from urine and have characteristics similar to mesenchymal stem cells, including the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types. USCs provide advantages over other cell sources as they can be easily obtained in large quantities without morbidity. Studies show USCs seeded onto biomaterial scaffolds can form tissue with urothelial and smooth muscle layers resembling urethra when implanted. USCs therefore show promise as a cell source for engineering urethral tissues to treat urethral strictures.
Since a long time, the field of stem cell biology has undergone a remarkable transformation with constant research on it and its
various applications predicated to be coming into use for long term clinical cell based therapies. The present report describes extraction of mesenchymal cells from deciduous tooth and its propagation in vitro with a view to producing cells at a larger scale keeping in vitro acquisition of chromosomal aberration in mind. Pulp was extirpated from freshly exfoliated deciduous tooth and cultured within 30 minutes for colonization and harvesting of the stem cells from dental pulp. The cells had exhibited active growth. Chromosome analysis was considered for karyotyping and screening of acquired aberrations following harvesting of cultures in confluent stage and conventional cytogenetic technique. There was no evidence of abnormality in karyotype or in vitro acquisition of aberrations. The study was important to establish non-invasive collection of stem cells from biological waste (deciduous tooth), which could be monitored for chromosoma status and considered for testing of drugs/chemicals on stem cells in vitro. However, the study shall be carried out on larger sample size following passage culture for production at larger scale, which could be considered for clinical application for self or for people in need.
Stem cell therapy for the bladder has been conducted mainly on an experimental basis in the areas of bladder dysfunction. The therapeutic efficacy of stem cells was originally thought to be derived from their ability to differentiate into various cell types. For more details visit: http://www.cryobanksindia.com/moms-corner/case-studies/
Since a long time, the field of stem cell biology has undergone a remarkable transformation with constant research on it and its
various applications predicated to be coming into use for long term clinical cell based therapies. The present report describes extraction of mesenchymal cells from deciduous tooth and its propagation in vitro with a view to producing cells at a larger scale keeping in vitro acquisition of chromosomal aberration in mind. Pulp was extirpated from freshly exfoliated deciduous tooth and cultured within 30 minutes for colonization and harvesting of the stem cells from dental pulp. The cells had exhibited active growth. Chromosome analysis was considered for karyotyping and screening of acquired aberrations following harvesting of cultures in confluent stage and conventional cytogenetic technique. There was no evidence of abnormality in karyotype or in vitro acquisition of aberrations. The study was important to establish non-invasive collection of stem cells from biological waste (deciduous tooth), which could be monitored for chromosoma status and considered for testing of drugs/chemicals on stem cells in vitro. However, the study shall be carried out on larger sample size following passage culture for production at larger scale, which could be considered for clinical application for self or for people in need.
Stem cell therapy for the bladder has been conducted mainly on an experimental basis in the areas of bladder dysfunction. The therapeutic efficacy of stem cells was originally thought to be derived from their ability to differentiate into various cell types. For more details visit: http://www.cryobanksindia.com/moms-corner/case-studies/
Cirrhosis results from different mechanisms of liver injury that lead to necroinflammation and fibrogenesis; Patients
with liver cirrhosis often require liver transplantation but it is affected by many problems, including relative operative
damage, high costs, lack of donors, and risk of rejection. Currently studies are shown the Stem cell therapy has the
potential to provide a valuable adjunct to the management of disease, Stem cell should be the natural candidates to
provide a renewable source of cells for transplantation.
The main mechanism of stem cell therapy is that stem cell capacity to differentiate into any of the hundreds of distinct
cell types that comprise the human body. In addition to their potential in therapeutics can be used to study the earliest
stages of human development and disease modeling using human cells.
Keywords: Cell Therapy; Liver Cirrhosis; Stem Cell; Transplantation. limitlessly, and often play the principal role in
liver regeneration
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in OrthopaedicsVladimir Bobic
Nuffield Health, The Grosvenor Hospital Chester, UK
27 June 2013. GP and Physiotherapy Seminar: Autologous Stem Cell Therapies in Orthopaedics. Moderator and Presenter: Vladimir Bobic, Chester Knee Clinic
Cirrhosis results from different mechanisms of liver injury that lead to necroinflammation and fibrogenesis; Patients
with liver cirrhosis often require liver transplantation but it is affected by many problems, including relative operative
damage, high costs, lack of donors, and risk of rejection. Currently studies are shown the Stem cell therapy has the
potential to provide a valuable adjunct to the management of disease, Stem cell should be the natural candidates to
provide a renewable source of cells for transplantation.
The main mechanism of stem cell therapy is that stem cell capacity to differentiate into any of the hundreds of distinct
cell types that comprise the human body. In addition to their potential in therapeutics can be used to study the earliest
stages of human development and disease modeling using human cells.
Keywords: Cell Therapy; Liver Cirrhosis; Stem Cell; Transplantation. limitlessly, and often play the principal role in
liver regeneration
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in OrthopaedicsVladimir Bobic
Nuffield Health, The Grosvenor Hospital Chester, UK
27 June 2013. GP and Physiotherapy Seminar: Autologous Stem Cell Therapies in Orthopaedics. Moderator and Presenter: Vladimir Bobic, Chester Knee Clinic
Stem cell therapy for the bladder has been conducted mainly on an experimental basis in the areas of bladder dysfunction. The therapeutic efficacy of stem cells was originally thought to be derived from their ability to differentiate into various cell types. For more details visit: http://www.cryobanksindia.com/moms-corner/case-studies/
A feature run by the monthly magazine for the polo community highlighting the latest in cutting edge regenerative therapy and how it has been translated for equine veterinary use from the human medical world.
Reprogramming to pluripotency is possible from adult cells of different tissues and species through the ectopic expression of defined factors. The generated induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are relevant for various purposes, including disease modeling, drug or toxicity screening and autologous cell therapy. Over the last few years, increased efforts are being made to improve the reprogramming techniques, the efficiency and quality of the generated iPSCs, as well as to identify the best cell source to be reprogrammed. Cells derived from fetal tissues, such as amniotic fluid, placenta and umbilical cord, offer distinct advantages in terms of reprogramming compared to adult somatic cells. Importantly, fetal cells are more primitive, easily achievable in sufficient numbers and are devoid of any ethical concern. They show great plasticity, high proliferation rate, low immunogenity and absence of teratoma formation. Therefore, they can be reprogrammed much faster and more efficiently than adult cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages of reprogramming fetal sources in comparison to other commonly used cell types.
Adipose Tissue and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State of the Art and Lipogems® Technology Development
Carlo Tremolada1 & Valeria Colombo1 & Carlo Ventura2
Abstract Inthepastfewyears,interestinadiposetissueasan ideal source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has increased. These cells are multipotent and may differentiate in vitro into several cellular lineages, such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and myoblasts. In addition, they secrete many bioactive molecules and thus are considered Bmini-drugstores.^ MSCs are being used increasingly for many clinical applications, such as orthopedic, plastic, and reconstructive surgery. Adipose-derived MSCs are routinely obtained enzymatically from fat lipoaspirate as SVF and/or may undergo prolonged ex vivo expansion, with significant senescence and a decrease in multipotency, leading to unsatisfactory clinicalresults.Moreover, these techniquesare hampered by complex regulatory issues. Therefore, an innovative technique (Lipogems®; Lipogems International SpA, Milan, Italy) was developed to obtain microfragmented adipose tissue with an intact stromal vascular niche and MSCs with a high regenerative capacity. The Lipogems® technology, patented in 2010 and clinically available since 2013, is an easyto-use system designed to harvest, process, and inject refined fat tissue and is characterized by optimal handling ability and a great regenerative potential based on adipose-derived MSCs. In this novel technology, the adipose tissue is washed, emulsified, and rinsed and adipose cluster dimensions gradually are reduced to about 0.3 to 0.8 mm. In the resulting
Lipogems® product, pericytes are retained within an intact stromal vascular niche and are ready to interact with the recipient tissue after transplantation, thereby becoming MSCs and starting the regenerative process. Lipogems® has been used in more than 7000 patients worldwide in aesthetic medicineandsurgery,aswellasinorthopedicandgeneralsurgery, with remarkable and promising results and seemingly no drawbacks. Now, several clinical trials are under way to supporttheinitialencouragingoutcomes.Lipogems®technology is emerging as a valid intraoperative system to obtain an optimal final product that may be used immediately for regenerative purposes.
Building 3D Tissues for Transplantation and Drug ScreeningMelanie Matheu
Until now only the most elite laboratories have been able to build complex high-resolution tissue for drug screening and transplantation. Our technology has made building large 3D tissues as simple as pipetting your favorite cells.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell & Cell Dedifferentiation: The Breakthrough of S...Vincentsia Vienna
The phenomenon of cell dedifferentiation is yet one promising trend to explore. In future, the science fiction of regenerative medicine could be turned into reality.
Dedifferentiation is a term used to suggest that differentiated epithelial cells revert to a previous developmental stage before their subsequent differentiation into an alternative cell fate. Hereby we discuss about the phenomenon and their impact in medical applications.
A 5-year old boy, with an established diagnosis of a topic
dermatitis, previously treated by topical corticosteroids and emollient cream with a good improvement, developed widespread papules on his legs, hands and forearm that appeared 5 months ago.
Methods: Retrospectively, the file records of the patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were examined. Demographic features, Body Mass Index (BMI), the mouth opening, Mallampati score, thyromental distance, sternomental distance, neck circumference measurements and videolaryngoscopic examination results were recorded Results: In a total of 140 consecutive patients (58 male, 82 female) were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 35.40 ± 9.78 and the mean BMI of the patients was 44.33 ± 7.52 kg/m2
. The mean mouth opening of the patients was 4.82 ± 0.54 cm
and the mean neck circumference was 43.52 ± 4.66 cm. The mean thyromental distance was 8.02 ± 1.00 cm and the mean sternomental distance was16.58 ± 1.53 cm. Difficult intubation was determined in 8 (5.7%) patients. In logistic regression analysis, age (p : 0.446), gender (p : 0.371), BMI (p : 0.947), snoring (p : 0.567), sleep apnea (p : 0.218), mouth opening (p : 0.687), thyromental distance (p :0.557), sternomental (p : 0.596) and neck circumference (p : 0.838) were not the independent predictors of difficult intubation. However, Mallampati score (p : 0.001) and preoperative direct laryngoscopy findings (p : 0.037) performed in outpatient clinic were the significant
predictors of difficult intubation. Interestingly, all patients with grade 4 laryngoscopy findings had difficult intubation.
Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery has been performed in Mexico since 1989, but no reports about training tendencies exist. We conducted a national survey in 2015, and here we report the results concerning training characteristics during the surgical residence of the respondents. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted through a survey questioning demographic data, laparoscopic training during pre and post surgical residency and other of areas of laparoscopic practice. The sample was calculated and survey piloted before
application. Special interest in this report was placed on type and quality of training received. Data are reported in percentages.
Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is defined as pathological bone formation at locations where bone normally does not exist. The
presence of HO has been found to be a rare complication after stroke in several studies, whereas there are only sporadic references relating HO to Cerebral Palsy (CP) and few for CP and stroke. No effective treatment for HO has yet been found, whereas the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been completely understood. Therefore, increased awareness among physicians is required, as a challenge for early diagnosis and treatment. A case of a male patient with CP, who developed HO on the paretichip joint following an ischemic stroke is presented.
Objectives: To assess the practice of food hygiene and safety, and its associated factors among street food vendors in urban areas of Shashemane, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Ethiopia, 2019.
Methods: Cross-sectional study design was applied from December 28, 2019 to January 27, 2020. Data was collected from 120 food handlers, which were selected by purposive sampling techniques. Information was gathered from interview and field observation by conducting food safety survey and using questionnaires via face to face interview. The collected data was entered using Epi Data 3.1 and finally, it was analyzed using SPSS VERSION 20.
A Division I football athlete experienced acute posterior leg pain while pushing off on the line of scrimmage. Ultrasound (US) showed a midsubstance plantaris tendon rupture, an injury that, to our knowledge, has only been described once before in the medical literature [1]. US was also used to assist with rehab progression and return to previous level of activity, which was achieved three weeks after the injury. While there currently are no guidelines regarding return to sport after this injury, this case demonstrates that once pain is controlled and ROM restored, progression through rehabilitation and return to elite level sport is simply based on symptoms.
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), is a severe disease, representing 5-10% of all reported cases of diabetes worldwide. Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (FT1D) is a subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus that is largely characterized by the abrupt onset of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hyperglycemia without insulin defi ciency. Viral infections have been hypothesized to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (FT1D) through the complete and rapid destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Coxsackie viral infection has been detected in islets of 50% of the pancreatic tissue recovered from recent-onset Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) patients. In this report we have highlighted a case where the patient developed a Group B Coxsackie virus infection culminating in the development of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (FT1D).
Methods: Cercariae are released by infected water snails. To determine the occurrence of cercariae-emitting snails in SchleswigHolstein, 155 public bathing places were visited and searched for fresh water snails. Family and genus of the collected snails were determined and the snails were examined for the shedding of cercariae, using a standard method and a newly developed method.
Objective: To generate preliminary information about of enteroviruses and Enterovirus 71 (EV71) in patients with aseptic meningitis in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Method: Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from 89 aseptic meningitis patients from different Khartoum Hospitals
(Mohammed Alamin Hamid Hospital, Soba Teaching Hospital, Omdurman Military Hospital, Alban Gadeed Teaching Hospital and Police Hospital) within February to May 2015. Among these 89 patients, 43 (48%) were males and 46 (52%) were females. The patient’s age ranged between 1 day and 30 years old. The collected specimens were assayed to detect enteroviruses and EV71 RNA using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique
Femoral hernias, comprise 2% to 4% of all hernias in the inguinal region, and occur most commonly in women. Th ey present typically with a mass below the level of the inguinal ligament. The sac may contain preperitoneal fat, omentum, small bowel, or other structures and have a high rate of incarceration and strangulation due to the small size of the hernia neck orifice, requiring emergency surgery. We present the case of a 54-year-old female patient with intestinal occlusion due to incarcerated femoral hernia, repaired by laparoscopic approach, that gave the patient the opportunity to attend her daughter’s wedding the same day.
Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome (sSMC) is a rare genetic condition marked by the presence of an extra chromosome to the 46 human chromosomes. This case report describes a 4 year old child with SSMC on the 46th chromosome. The child presented with delayed speech and language development, seizures and mild developmental delay. Speech and Language evaluation was carried out and management options are discussed.
A catheter is a thin tube made from medical grade materials that serve a broad range of functions, but mainly catheters are medical devices that can be inserted in the body to treat disease or perform surgical procedures. Catheters have been inserted into body cavities, ducts, or vessels to allow for drainage, administration of therapeutic fluids or gases, operational access for surgery. Catheters help perform tasks in various systems such as cardiovascular, urological, gastrointestinal, neurovascular, and ophthalmic systems. A dataset of 12 patients with varying “weights” and “heights” was recorded along with the lengths of their catheter tubes. This data set was found from two revered statistical textbooks on linear regression and the Department of Scientific Computing at Florida State University. This data set was not able to be linked to any particular clinical or experimental research studies, but the data set can be used to help catheter manufacturers and medical professionals better decide on what particular catheter lengths to use for patients knowing only their height & weight. These research insights could be helpful to healthcare professionals that have patients with incomplete or no healthcare records
to decide what catheter length to use. The main investigative inquiry that needed to be answered was how does patient weight & height influence catheter length together and separately? We conducted linear regression and other statistical analysis procedures in R program & Microsoft Excel and discovered that this data exhibited a quality called multi collinearity. With multi collinearity, all predictors (2 or more
independent variables) are not significant in an all encompassing linear aggression, but the predictors might be significant in their own individual linear regressions. Individual linear regression analyses were conducted for both patient height & weight to see how much they both contribute to varying catheter length. Patient weight was found to be more impatful than patient height in relationship to catheter length, even though height and weight are a classical example of multi collinearity predictors.
Bovine mastitis has a negative impact through economic losses in the dairy sector across the globe. A cross sectional study was carried out from September 2015 to July 2016 to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, associated risk factors and isolation of major causative bacteria in lactating dairy cows in selected districts of central highland of Ethiopia. A total of 304 lactating cows selected randomly from five districts were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT) for subclinical mastitis. Based on CMT result and clinical examination, over all prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 70.62% (214/304).
Two hundred fourteen milk samples collected from CMT positive cows were cultured for isolation of major causative bacteria. From 214 milk samples,187 were culture positive and the most prevalent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 42.25% (79/187) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae 14.43%
(27/187). Other bacterial isolates were included Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus species 12.83% (24/187), Streptococcus dysgalactiae 5.88% (11/187), Escherichia coli 13.38% (25/187) and Entrococcus feacalis 11.23% (21/187) were also isolated. Moreover, age, parity number, visible teat abnormalities,husbandry practice, barn fl oor status and milking hygiene were considered as risk factors for the occurrence of bovine mastitis and they were found significantly associated with the occurrence of mastitis (p < 0.05). The findings of this study warrants the need for strategic approach including dairy extension that focus on enhancing dairy farmers’ awareness and practice of hygienic milking, regular screening for subclinical mastitis, dry cow therapy and culling of chronically infected cows.
Kratom is an herbal product that is derived from Southeast Asian Mitragyna speciose tree leaves [1-10]. This compound is used for many purposes such as stimulation, euphoria, or analgesia [1-10]. It has been recently identified as a drug of abuse by the United States Drug Enforcement Administration [2,8]. Side-effects from this compound have not been well documented. We describe a case of a 36-year-old female who develop nephrotoxicity after taking an herbal supplement. She took kratom as an adjunctive therapy for back pain management. She developed right upper quadrant pain and nausea. Laboratory tests showed elevated liver enzymes without evidence of bile duct obstruction. Liver enzymes normalized several weeks after Kratom discontinuation. We advise clinicians to be vigilant about Kratom’s hepatotoxic potential on patient health.
The assessment, diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients is extremely challenging. Patients often deteriorate whilst being
reviewed and their rapidly changing pathophysiology barrages healthcare professionals with new data. Furthermore, comprehensive assessments must be postponed until the patient has been stabilised. So, important data and interventions are often missed in the heat of the moment. In emergency situations, suboptimal management decisions may cause signifi cant morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, standardisation and careful design of documentation (i.e. proformas and checklists) can enhance patient safety. So, I have developed a series of checklist proformas to guide the assessment of critically ill patients. These proformas also promote the systematic recording and presentation of information to facilitate the retrieval of the precise data required for the management for critically ill patients. The proformas have been modifi ed extensively over the last twenty years based on my personal experience and extensive consultation with colleagues in several world-renowned centres of excellence. The proformas were originally developed for use in the intensive therapy unit
or high dependency unit. However, they have been adapted for use by outreach teams reviewing patients admitted outside of critical care areas. The use of these tools can direct eff orts to provide appropriate organ support and provides a framework for diagnostic reasoning.
Systemic Hypertension (HTN) accounts for the largest amount of attributable Cardiovascular (CV) mortality worldwide. There are several factors responsible for the development of HTN and its CV complications. Multicenter trials revealed that risk factors responsible for Micro Vascular Disease (MVD) are similar for those attributable to Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) which include tobacco use, unhealthy cholesterol levels, HTN, obesity and overweight, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, diabetes, insulin resistance, increasing age and genetic predisposition. In addition, the defective release of Nitric Oxide (NO) could be a putative candidate for HTN and MVD. This study reviewed the risk stratification of hypertensive population employing cardiac imaging modalities which are of crucial importance
in diagnosis. It further emphasized the proper used of cardiac imaging to determine patients at increased CV risk and identify the management strategy. It is now known that NO has an important effect on blood pressure, and the basal release of endothelial Nitric Oxide (eNOS) in HTN may be reduced. Although there are different forms of eNOS gene allele, there is no solid data revealing the potential role of the polymorphism of the eNOS in patients with HTN and coronary vascular diseases. In the present article, the prevalence of eNOS G298 allele in hypertensive patients with micro vascular angina will be demonstrated. This review provides an update on appropriate and justified use of non-invasive imaging tests in hypertensive patients and its important role in proper diagnosis of MVD and CAD. Second, eNOS gene allele and its relation to essential hypertension and angina pectoris are also highlighted.
Methods: Two groups were selected by non-probability random sampling technique including case group of 154 patients with
suspected dengue (fever>2days and <10days) and control group of 146 patients with febrile illness other than dengue. Clinical,hematological and serologic markers of cases and control groups were analyzed. The frequency distribution was used to compare categorical serologic markers and paired sample T test was applied for hematologic variables before and after treatment of dengue using SPSS version 21.
Researchers from Utrecht recently published yet another paper on the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)demonstrating an additional failed attempt to understand the importance of qualitative versus quantitative imaging, and anatomic versus physiologic imaging. Th e implications of this failure here cannot be overstated.
Introduction: Stroke is an even more dramatic major public health problem in young people. Goal of the study: Contribute to the knowledge of strokes in young people. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out over a period of 02 years (January 2017 to December 2018) including the files of patients aged 18 to 49 years hospitalized for any suspected case of stroke in the Neurology department of the University Hospital
Center of the Sino-Central African Friendship (CHUSCA) of Bangui.
Background: This report describes a unique case of a patient that developed psychotic symptoms believed to be secondary
to a tentorial meningioma with associated hydrocephalus. These psychotic symptoms subsequently abated with placement of a
ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Case description: 60-year-old female was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility on a psychiatric involuntary commitment petition due to progressive paranoia, homicidal ideation and psychosis. The work up showed a calcified six cm tentorial meningioma with associated hydrocephalus. The patient initially rejected treatment but later became amenable to placement of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
(VPS).
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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2. SCIRES Literature - Volume 1 Issue 1 - www.scireslit.com Page - 004
American Journal of Urology Research
As a tubularized organ in the distal portion of the urinary tract,
the urethra can often develop strictures due to congenital defects (e.g.
hypospadias), injury, and infections. In particular, urethral stricture
is a common urological problem in men. Urethral strictures thus
present a significant economic impact and burden, because they
are relatively frequent and repeated surgical intervention is often
needed. The main causes of urethral stricture are trauma to the
urethra, gonorrheal infection and idiopathic inflammatory diseases.
Trauma, such as straddle injuries, pelvic bone fracture and iatrogenic
injures (e.g. urinary catheterization or other instrumentation and
complications due to irradiation for prostate cancer) can result
in strictures of the anterior and/or posterior segments of urethra.
Urethral stricture often results in scar tissue formation and poor
blood supply in or around the urethra, which leads to fibrosis and
changes in collagen deposition, or in the ratio of smooth muscle to
extracellular matrix in the underlying tissue. Strictures can block the
flow of urine and as a result, they cause a high incidence of associated
complications. These complications include acute urinary retention,
irritation on voiding, recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder or
urethral stones, hydronephrosis, and renal failure.
Surgical treatments for urethral stricture depend upon the length,
location and degree of scar tissue associated with the stricture.
Although many different reconstructive procedures have been used,
they are most applicable to strictures less than 3 cm in length in
which the stricture can be removed and the two ends of the urethra
reconnected. It is a big challenge to treatment of severe, long urethral
strictures. When the stricture is longer, urethral repair requires fresh
autologous tissue, such as foreskin or oral mucosa, to replace the
excised segment (substitution procedures). However, fresh tissues for
substitution are not always available, and if the urethral stricture is
too long, even this type of repair is not possible. Tissue-engineered
tubular urethral tissues are an alternative for replacement of lost or
deficient urethral tissues with functionally equivalent ones, and may
improve the outcome of reconstructive surgery for urethral strictures
[1-6].
Two types of urethral tissue engineering technologies are often
used: non-cell seeded or cell free and seeded tissue engineered
urethra [2,7-10]. The non-cell seeded technology is suitable for
urethra repair via onlay patch or for replacement of short segment
urethra [11]. Cell seeded technology with autologous cells seeded on
biodegradable scaffolds achieves better outcomes in longer segment
urethra repair [4,12], compared to non-seeded scaffolds in urethral
tissue regeneration. A convenient cell source and optimal biomaterial
scaffold are both critical for urethra tissue engineering. Currently,
autologous bladder cells or oral mucosa cells [13] obtained from tissue
biopsy are most commonly used for urethral tissue engineering. In
patients with urethral stricture, however, it might be difficult to insert
an endoscope into the urethra to obtain adequate bladder cells via
tissue biopsy. Additionally, even if an endoscopy can be performed,
the tissue biopsy procedure itself may lead to donor-site morbidity.
Furthermore, it might not be possible to harvest healthy cells in
certain patients who have infections in the urethra, bladder or even
the gums or other oral tissues, as this poses a high risk of bacterial
or fungal contamination of the biopsy sample. In addition, despite
reports of successful isolation of autologous urothelial cells from
urine or bladder washes for use in urological tissue engineering, the
success rate of cultures of these cells is low (55%), and they also have
limited expansion capability in culture[14-15]. Importantly, while an
immortalized urothelial cell line may generate a large amount of cells,
these cells have limited clinical applications, since immortalized cells
carry the risk of tumor formation in vivo.
A stem cell source with high self-renewal and multi-potent
differentiation capacities that can be obtained via a simple and non-
invasive approach would be highly desirable. We recently found that
a subpopulation of cells isolated from urine possess characteristics
similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), i.e. clonogenicity, cell
growth patterns, expansion capacity, cell surface marker expression
profiles and multipotent differentiation capacity [5,16-29]. These
urine-derived cells are positive for the MSC surface markers CD29,
CD44, CD54, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, and CD166. In addition,
these urine-derived stem cells also express some embryonic stem
cell markers, including Oct4, c-Myc and klf4; however, they do not
express markers associated with hematopoietic stem cells, such as
CD31, CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD14, CD19 and HLD-DR [30]. We
have demonstrated that these stem cells derived from urine are
capable of multipotent differentiation to bone cells, cartilage cells,
fat cells, and muscle cells [5-18,30-32]. Thus, we have termed these
cells “urine-derived stem cells” or USCs. USCs can be obtained
from voided urine or from urine in the upper urinary tract through
a nephrostomy tube, and they can generate a large number of cells
from a single clone [18-31]. Additionally, about 57-75% of the USCs
collected from middle-aged individuals expressed telomerase activity
(USCs-TA+) and retained long telomere length. USCs-TA+ possessed
higher proliferative capacities and could be maintained for up to 67
population doublings, indicating that a single USC can generate more
cells, up to 267 cells within 14 weeks, compared to 35 PD (235 cells)
for USCs that do not express telomerase (USCs-TA-). Now that we
have improved the cell isolation methods used to obtain USCs, five
to ten USC clones/100 ml urine can be consistently obtained from
almost every freshly voided urine sample [30]. To prepare a cell-
seeded biomaterial scaffold for use in urological tissue regeneration,
the cell concentration for seeding must be about 50x106 cells/cm3,33.
Thus, the number of cells from one 200 ml urine sample can provide
enough cells to create a cell-seeded scaffold 0.5x2x10cm3 in size. Our
recent study showed that USCs give rise to functional urothelial cells
5, 18, 31, 32, SMCs5, 18, 31, 32, and endothelial cells [30]. Induced
USCs seeded on different biomaterials (small intestine submucosa
[5], bladder submucosa [34] or bacterial cellulose polymer18) all
formed urethra structure with urethelial layer and smooth muscle
layer on the scaffolds in vitro and also remained such a contracture
after subcutaneously implanted in a rodent animal.
Taken together, USCs provide a novel cell source for urethra
reconstruction via tissue engineering technology. Importantly,
these cells can be collected using a simple, safe, low-cost and non-
invasive procedure. Because of their high proliferation capacity
and differentiation potential, USCs are also a viable cell source for
bladder tissue engineering [5,18] and cell therapy for the treatment
of stress urinary incontinence [32-35] vesicoureteral reflux, erectile
dysfunction, renal dysfunction and other diseases that are suitable
for stem cell therapy.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors acknowledge funding support from NIH grant R56
DK100669 (Y Zhang) and National Natural Science Foundation of
China (No. 81570650 and No. 81371704).
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American Journal of Urology Research
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