1. A TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)
UNDERTAKEN AT
BURNSVILLE INTEGRATED SERVICES
LIMITED
abam, okrika, Rivers state.
BY
ALONGE JEPHTHAH OLADELE
MNE/09/7040
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG) DEGREE IN MINING
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
MARCH,2014
2. 2
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this report clearly written by ALONGE JEPHTHAH OLADELE
with matriculation number MNE/09/7040, a student of the DEPARTMENT OF
MINING ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE is
based on the knowledge and skills acquired during my six-month SIWES
attachment at BURNSVILLEINTEGRATED SERVICES, Abam,Okrika,Rivers state.
.......................................................
ALONGE JEPHTHAH OLADELE
STUDENT
.......................................................
HOD, MINING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3. 3
DEDICATION
This is dedicated to the almighty God, the Lords of Lords, for seeing me
through six great months and also, specially to my family, friends and well
wishers for making it possible for me to pull through. May almighty God bless
you all.
4. 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My sincere gratitude goes to the staff and management of the FEDERAL UNIVERSITY
OF TECHNOLOGY, AKUREespecially the MINING ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.
I also wish to acknowledge the staff and management of Burnsville Integrated
Services for their support throughout my attachment with them. I want to thank in a
special way, Engr Dikeh Coker who was the site manager and my supervisor. May
God continue to manifest his glory in your live.
5. 5
ABSTRACT
This report clearly presents the industrial work experience of ALONGE JEPHTHAH
OLADELE with matriculation number MNE/09/7040 during his internship
attachment at BURNSVILLE INTEGRATED SERVICES, located at ABAM IN OKRIKA,
Rivers State.
The report focuses on the filling/reclaiming of swamp and creeks which are
originally filled and occupied by water.
The first chapter introduces the company of attachment BURNSVILLE INTEGRATED
SERVICES .
Subsequentchapters involve the different phases of the dredging activities;
The sand field
This consist of the area of the swamp or creek which is been filled with sand.
We have different personnels and machines which are found on the sand
field.
The dredger
This consists of the heavy duty machine which dredges the sand from the
river to the upland/sand field.
The topics discussed therein are subjects in which the student possesses a wide
knowledge-base about and is equipped with hard-edged skills to implement if called
upon.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1
Certification…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2
Dedication……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………......................4
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5
Table of Content…………………………………………………………………………………………………….6
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….8
1.0.1 Objectives of SIWES…………………………………………………………………………..8
1.1 LESSONS LEARNED…………………………………………………………………………..…9
1.2 BURNSVILLE’S ORGANISATIONAL CHART………………………………………….10
1.3 PICTURS OF SITEUNDERWORK ……………………………………………………….11
CHAPTER TWO: The Sand Field…………………………………………………………………….………13
2.1 MACHINES AND MATERIALS FOUND ONTHESAND FIELD..........…..….13
2.2 WORK DONEON THE SAND FIELD.......................................................19
2.3 PERSONNELS ONTHE SAND FIELD.......................................................20
2.4 BASICTOOLS USED ONTHE SAND FIELD …………………………………………22
CHAPTER THREE: The Dredger ......………………………………………………………………......23
3.1 COMPONENTS OF A DREDGER? ..........................................................26
3.2 MAJORMAINTAINANCEOF THEDREDGER……………………………………….33
3.3 HOW A DREDGEROPERATES ..................………………………………………...33
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)
The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established in 1973
by the Federal Government to enable undergraduates in various Nigerian
Universities to acquire relevant practical and industrial experience in their various
fields of study. This curriculum more-so brings to bear the various lessons taught at
the stages of the students’ educational upbringing in their various field of vocation.
The programme has the potential to equip students with hard-edged skills that are
relevant to the successful advancement of their career and to uphold the student’s
ethical standard by nurturing good work ethics, quality character and sound moral
behaviour.
1.0.1 Objectives of SIWES
The objectives of SIWES among others includes:-
1 Providing an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire
industrial skills and experience in their approved courses of study;
2 Preparing students for the industrial work situations which they are likely to
meet after graduation.
3 Exposing students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment
and machinery not available in their institutions.
4 Providing students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real
work situation thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.
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5 Enlisting and strengthening employers’ involvement in the entire
educational process and prepare students for employment in Industry and
Commerce.
I had my industrial work experience scheme at BURNSVILLEINTEGRATED SERVICES
1.1 LESSONSLEARNED
1. I learnt how to couple pipes properly.
2. I also learned how to position the shower mouth on site.
3. I learned how to fix a greese pack in the dredger.
4. I learnt how to greese the winches of the dredger to enable proper
functioning of the winches and reducerust.
5. I learnt about time management with which we worked in tune with the
work scheduleprepared by the contractor
6. I learnt to recognise and use different sizes of spanners aproprately for
better functioning
7. I was aIso introduced to the use and functions of a swamp buggy.
8. I learnt about anchoring which the dredger uses to move both left and
right
9. I was also expose to the use and functions of a bulldozer
10. I learnt how to fix floater/boil to the pipes in the water to enable it to
float for better movement of the dredger or to float the pipe for its
tranportation to another location/site.
11. I was also exposed to proper bolting and nutting which we use for joining
or cutting of pipes when needed.
12. I learnt to usea pumping machine.
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1.2 BURNSVILLE’S ORGANISATIONAL CHART
GENERAL
MANAGER
SITE
MANAGER
ENGINEERS
TECHNICIANS
DECK HAND GREESER
LABOURERS
SAND FIELD
MASTER
CONSULTANTS
FINANCIAL
SECRETARY
GENERAL
SECRETARY
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1.3 SWAMP TO BERECLAIMED
The site which the dredging work is to be done is located in ABAM in Okrika. Its a
swampy region along side with a creek. The creek was cleared and
leveled,afterwards bound walls were made before pumping of sand
commensed.
1.4 PICTURES OF THE SITE
PLATE 1 WATER SIDE
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CHAPTER TWO
THE SANDFIELD
This chapter gives details on the activities which are carried out on the sand
field, alongside the machineries and the personnels who ensures the proper
running of the sand field. Sand field is the region of the swamp/creek under
filling or reclaiming. This particular dredging activity took place at OBA in
Okrika. We will be taking a look at the various machines and materials which
are found on the sand field and work done on the sand field. Further
explainations and outlining of the machines and identification of the
personnels found on the sanmd field are as follows;
2.1 MACHINES AND MATERIALS FOUND ON THESAND FIELD
When building a new home, it is vital that you get the foundations right or you
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THE PIPES
Pipes are the major equipments used on the sand field. They are connected
directly fromthe dredger down to the sand field. They convey the materials
which are pumped fromthe dredger to the sand feild. There are various sizes
of pipes depending on the sizeof the dredger. They are made fromvery thick
heavy rubbers. They have alloy flanch at both edges with holes that allows
tightening to other pipes with bolts and nuts.
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Picture of a Pipe
PLATE 4 FLOATING LINE
The Excavator
Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom, stick,
bucket and cab on a rotating platform (known as the house). The house sits
atop an undercarriagewith tracks or wheels. A cable-operated excavator uses
winches and steel ropes to accomplish the movement. They are a natural
progression fromthestaemshovels often called power shovels. All movement
and functions of a hydraulic motors. Dueto the linear actuation of hydraulic
cylinder , their mode of operation is foundamentally different fromcable-
operated excavators.
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On the sand field the excavators are use to rise the shower mouth, adjusting of
the pipes, lifting of the pipes to enable the sand field master to couple the
pipes.
PHOTOS OF EXCAVATORS
PLATE 5 EXCAVATOR ON WATER SIDE
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The Swamp Buggy
The swamp buggy is a vehicle used to tranverse boggy terrain. Swamp buggies
may be purpose built or vehicle modifield to deal with the they requirements
to move around the swamp. All swamp boggies are able to move about on dry
land , shallow mud, and shallow water. Additionally they possess one or more
abilities which includes ;
Propel itself through or deep mud and water
Drive through or over moderate dense vegetation
Float in water or mud.
The swamp buggy is used on the site to create bond walls, lift pipes in muddy areas
and very soft land that the excavators cant work on.
PICTURES OF SWAMP BUGGY
PLATE 8 SWAMP BUGGY ON WATER SIDE
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2.2 WORK DONEON THE SAND FIELD
The works done on the sand field include the coupling and cutting of pipes,
repositioning of the shower mouth, building of bound walls, leveling of
pumped sand.
PICTURE OF EXCAVATOR REPOSITIONING OF THESHOWER MOUTH
PLATE 10 EXCAVATOR REPOSITIONING OF THE SHOWER MOUTH
20. 20
PLATE 11
PERSONNELS AND FUNTIONS OF PERSONNELS ON THESAND FIELD
The workers who found on the sand field includes;
1) SAND FIELD MASTER: The sand field master takes the major
responsibilties of the operations on the sand field. They handle the
cutting and joining of the pipes. They also keep in touch with with the
workers on the dredger to inform them when they need to start and
when to stop pumping operations. They take instructions directly from
the site manager.
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2) THE EXCAVATOR OPERATOR: The excavator operator is the one who
operates the excavator machine. They help the sand field master in
lifting the pipe when there is a need for cutting and coupling of pipes.
They also directs the flow of the pumped subtances with the use of the
excavator boom to create little bound walls to direct the flow of the
pumped subtances.
3) THE BULLDOZER OPERATOR: a bulldozer is a crawler (continious tracked
tractor) equipped with a subtantial metal plate (known as a blade) used
to push large quantities of soil, sand , rubbie , or other such material
during construction or conversion work and typically equipped at the
rear with a claw-like device (known as a ripper) to loosen densely
compacted materials.
Bulldozer canbulldozers can be found on a wide rangeof sites.
Minesand quarries , military base , heavy industry factories, engineering
projectand farms.
The term “bulldozer” is often used erroneously to mean any heavy
equipment (sometimes a loader and sometimes an excavator) , but
precisely, the term refers only to a tractor (usually tracked) fitted with a
dozer blade.
A bulldozer is used in the site for leveling of pumped sand on sand
field , it can also be used for coupling of pipes on the sand field in
suituations where the excavator is faulty.
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PICTURE OF BULLDOZER
PLATE 12 EXCAVATOR
2.4 Basic tools usedon the sand field
1) spinals (ranging from50mm, 48mm, 46mm)
2) adjustable spinals (screw gauge).
3) wire brush.
4) oil and greese.
5) bolts and nuts.
6) washers.
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CHAPTER THREE
THE DREDGER
Dredging is an excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least
partly underwater, in shallow seas or fresh water areas with the purpose of
gathering up bottom sediments and disposing of them at a different location.
This technique is often used to keep waterways navigable.
It is also used as a way to replenish sand on some public beaches, where sand
has been lost because of coastal erosion. Dredging is also used as a technique
for fishing for certain species of edible clams and crabs, seefishing dredge.
A dredger (or “dredge” as is the general usage in the Americas) is any device,
machine, or vessel that is used to excavate and remove material from the
bottom of a body of water. For example, a scoop attached to the end of a rope
or pole by which a man can draw sediments up from the bottom of a pond is a
dredger. Developing this idea further, a motorized crane equipped with a drag
bucket or clamshell (grabber) that is used to scoop material from the bottom
of a body of water is also a dredger. The crane could be located on the bank, or
perhaps mounted on a barge. If the crane is mounted on a barge, the entire
vesselis referred to as a dredger.
The process of dredging creates spoils (excess material), which are carried
away from the dredged area. Dredging can produce materials for land
reclamation or other purposes (usually construction-related), and has also
historically played a significant role in gold mining. Dredging can create
disturbancein aquatic ecosystems, often with adverseimpacts.
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PICTURES OF A DREDGER
PLATE 13 SIDE VIEW OF A DREDGER
PLATE 14 FRONT OF A DREDGER (CUTTER)
26. 26
2.1 COMPONENTSOF A DREDGER
The dredger is made up off different components/parts. Dredge Yard cutter
suction dredgers are engineered for multi-purpose duties to meet the
requirements of the customers in different dredging and mining environment.
Dredgers delivered by Dredge Yard are used in creating and maintaining of
harbor, berth and waterway, deepening existing facilities, beach nourishment
and mining operations.
Dredge Yard Standard cutter suction dredgers range from CSD 350 up to CSD
650 and include variety of options like production meter, spud carrier,
submersibledredge pump, mono hull or dismountable pontoons.
The dredgers are design to work in dredging and mining areas for dredging of
Soft sand, Medium sand, Coarse sand, Mud, Gravel, Compacted sand, different
type of slurry and rocks and debris.
1) THE SUCTION MOUTH The dredge suction mouth is a Cutter Suction
Dredger component positioned behind the cutter head of a CSD during
extraction of non-cohesive material from the sea bottom. The dredge
suction mouth is made of one cast piece. Its flange is cast together with
the body of the dredge suction mouth By using only one cast piece
eliminates many operations, such as machining, forging, welding and
allows the most intricate shapes, both external and internal that can be
obtained to follow the shape of the flow. The dredge suction mouth is
produced from Carbon Steel that allows easy welding and hard facing.
The other material, Carbon manganese steel increases the depth of
27. 27
hardening and improving strength and toughness. The Alloy steel is used
to obtain higher performancein wear resistance.
PLATE 17 SIDE OF THE CUTTER
PLATE18 CLOSEVIEWOF THECUTTER
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PLATE19 FULL LENGTH OF THECUTTER
2) THE SPUD PILLARS : The spud pillars usually two long metallic pillars
found are the back side of a dredger. The are use for maintaining the
position of a dredger. When the water level rises,the spud pillars are
pinned to the ground so that its won’t be floating around. They are
controlled fromthe cabin of the dredger .
30. 30
3) THE CRANE/HOIST : The hoist in a dredger are used for lifting materials
fromthe boat to the deck of the dredger or for ifting materials on the
dredger.
PLATE22 CRANE
PLATE23SIDEVIEWOF THECRANE/HOIST
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4) THE CABIN: The cabin is the little housing unit which is on the deck of
the dredger. The cabin is wherethe dredger master stays to carry out
the dredging activities. The controlling of the dredger takes place in the
cabin.
PLATE24 CABIN OF THEDREDGER
32. 32
5) The lader meter: The lader meter is found infront of the cabin, its used
to monitor the depth of the lader in the water. It is calibrated in inches
and meters.
PLATE 25
33. 33
3.2 How a dredger funtions/operate
A dredger is like a pumping machine. Ithas two major engines (main and
auxilliary engine). You startyour auxilliary engine firstbefore putting on the
main engine. When the auxilliary engine is on, major parts of the dredger are
already active but can’t startpumping/dredging. After putting on the main
engines,you lower the ladder into the water then on the cutter. You will have
to cluch in the main engine(engaging the gear box).
When the cutter starts rotating, materials starts moving through the ladder to
the suction pipe, which then passes it to the impeller which is inside the pump,
the impeller grinds the sand/mud to smaller sizes. When the material leaves
the impeller, the sand heads out to the pipes which lead to the sand field.
3.3 Major maintenance ona dredger.
1) Servicing of the engines (changing of the oil).
2) Greasing if the whines.
3) sweeping and washing of the decks.
3.4 Personnels ona dredger
1) The dredge master
2) Engineers
3) Greasers
4) Deck-hands
34. 34
5) Speed boat drivers.
3.5 Basic tools usedon the dredger
1) Spinals.
2) Sledge hammer and shorthammer.
3) Marine ropes.
4) String wire.
5) Saw blade.
6) Iron bar.
7) Various sizes of screw driver.
35. 35
CHAPTER FOUR
HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS
4.0 Hazard on the sand field
Hand injuries when fixing bolt and nuts.
Injuries when sharp objectpierce your feet, when in the mud.
Injuries during theuse of saw blade
Spanners dropping on your feet.
Excavator pushing the pipes over your leg
Shower mouth/pipes falling over an individual.
4.1 Precautions for hazards on the sand field
Wearing of safety boots to avoid burntfeet.
Wearing of hand gloves to reduces hand cuts.
Been more carefulwhen using the saw blade to avoid injuries.
Avoid keeping spanners on the pipes to prevent it from falling on your
feet.
Move away from the excavator and the pipes when the excavator is
moving the pipes.
Do not close to the shower mouth when the dredger is pumping.
36. 36
4.2 Hazard on the dredger
Burnt feet due to hot deck.
Equipment dropping on your feet.
Fall due to slippery deck.
Falling off the deck.
Load dropping on an individual during transfer of goods from the boat to
the deck of the dredger with the help of the hoist.
Burnt or body scratch when working in the engine room.
4.3 Precautions for hazards on the dredger
Wearing of safety boots to avoid burntfeet.
Avoid keeping equipment at heights to prevent accidental fall.
Avoid slippery floors, don’t allow fluids like grease or oil to remain on
the deck, wash and sweep them off the deck.
Avoid going to the extreme edge of the dredger to avoid falling off.
Do not stand under a suspended load, to avoid accident in case the
suspended load drops accidentally.
Wearing of right PPE (proper protective equipment).
37. 37
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 CONCLUSION
The SIWES programme has indeed been a worthwhile learning experience for
me and a large extent, the SIWES programme has been immensely successful
in meeting its core objectives. This industrial training program has been a
source of great exposure to activities that take place in the real world. It gave
me a big opportunity to have an enormous deal of practical experience as
regards my field of study and has also helped me to see the relevance of the
theoretical concepts we were taught in classroom. Through this training, I have
gotten good knowledge of construction and project supervision, project
implementation and manageiment in general. My Industrial training with
Burnsville has provided me with the basic skills necessary to forge ahead in my
career after graduation and has also reinforced my desire to work with a
reputable company that will task my productivity and where my skill will be
highly priced.
In conclusion, my internship with Burnsville is the best thing to have happened
to me so far in my pursuit for advancement in my career as a professional
engineer. Therefore, Experience, more than anything else should be
paramountin the student’s choice of placement for SIWES.
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5.1 RECOMMENDATION
Having successfully completed my SIWES programme, the following are my
recommendations towards the betterment of the programme:
1) The University should find ways of helping the students to secure
internship in suitable organizations where their knowledge-base as
regards their field of study will be enhanced.
2) The University should also give out the IT letters to students earlier
so as to afford the students enough time to source and secure IT
placement.
3) The University should have a stable academic calendar so that the
period of ITwould not be unduly elongated or shorten.
4) Students should always apply to firms/ industries earlier before it
becomes late to get a placement.
5) The University and ITF officials should be more active in the visit to
the students’ place of internship. This would ensure that the students
acquire the expected knowledge other than being used for deviating
purposes.
39. 39
REFERENCES
National InstituteOf oceanography
MTI Dredging consultants
www.wikipedia.org Bray, Richard Nicholas.2008, Environmental Aspect of
dredging.
Symons Dredgebrokers.1990, “Manual for dredging”.
http://www.Dredge brokers.com/dredge/manual/.html
http://www.ritchiewiki.com/wiki/index.php/dredging.
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/dredging
