Americans are work martyrs. Tied to the office, they leave more and more paid time off (PTO) unused each year, forfeiting their earned benefits and, in essence, working for free.
This unfortunate trend comes at a high price, according to a new analysis by Oxford Economics. In an examination for the U.S. Travel Association of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey and research conducted by GfK Public Affairs in 2014, Oxford found that American workers permanently lose 169 million days of earned PTO each year.
Implementing Governor Hammond's 50/50 Plan (Fairbanks "Budget Blitz" 2.16.2016)Brad Keithley
A presentation made as part of the Fairbanks "Budget Blitz" co-sponsored by the Greater Fairbanks Chamber of Commerce and Fairbanks Economic Development Corporation.
The document discusses budget pressures facing Australian governments. It finds that if current spending and revenue trends continue, the projected budget surplus of 1% of GDP could turn into a deficit of over 4% of GDP by 2023, requiring $60 billion in savings or tax increases. Persistent deficits are problematic as they incur interest costs, limit future borrowing, and unfairly shift costs between generations. Balanced budgets over the economic cycle are preferable to deficits.
- Inflation rose significantly more than expected in June, with the CPI surging to 5.4% which was the highest rate since 2008. The core CPI also rose sharply.
- Despite high inflation numbers, Powell sees inflation as transitory and says the Fed will remain unchanged for now. Higher inflation is generally positive for gold.
- Positive economic data and increasing bond yields are putting downward pressure on gold, as yields rise and the economic outlook improves. However, inflation remaining elevated could eventually force the Fed to tighten policy, which would be bullish for gold again.
Implementing Governor Hammond's 50/50 Plan (World Trade Center Anchorage 2.22...Brad Keithley
Governor Hammond's "50/50" plan proposes splitting the Alaska Permanent Fund's annual earnings equally between the PFD and essential government services, as Hammond originally intended. Currently, only half goes to the PFD while the other half funds an "inflation proofing" reserve and earnings reserve. Implementing 50/50 could help balance the budget over five years without cutting the PFD or raising taxes, which have severe negative economic impacts by reducing overall Alaska income and increasing poverty and income disparity. There are debates around setting a fixed draw rate from the fund to protect its long-term sustainability.
April's welfare changes: the cumulative effects and the questions they raiseNewPolicyInstitute
The document summarizes the cumulative effects of four welfare changes introduced in April: the replacement of Council Tax Benefit with locally designed Council Tax Support schemes, the under-occupation penalty (bedroom tax), the household benefit cap, and the 1% uprating restriction on working-age benefits. It finds that over 2.4 million people will be negatively affected by changes to Council Tax Support alone, with average weekly losses of £2.60. Combined impacts are estimated to total £4.40 per week on average for those affected by multiple changes. The document raises questions about whether the goals of some reforms are primarily to cut spending rather than achieve social aims, and the risks of a centrally driven "localism" approach that
This document summarizes an economic conference held by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis on October 15, 2014. It discusses current economic conditions in the US and Arkansas. The US economy is seeing steady job growth and falling inflation and unemployment. However, a stronger dollar and weaker global growth could impact exports. In Arkansas, farm income decreased while farmland values fell slightly. The latest survey suggests Arkansas farmland prices may have peaked. Regional economic growth has exceeded the national average, though job growth in Arkansas has been half the national rate and incomes remain below average.
Implementing Governor Hammond's 50/50 Plan (Fairbanks "Budget Blitz" 2.16.2016)Brad Keithley
A presentation made as part of the Fairbanks "Budget Blitz" co-sponsored by the Greater Fairbanks Chamber of Commerce and Fairbanks Economic Development Corporation.
The document discusses budget pressures facing Australian governments. It finds that if current spending and revenue trends continue, the projected budget surplus of 1% of GDP could turn into a deficit of over 4% of GDP by 2023, requiring $60 billion in savings or tax increases. Persistent deficits are problematic as they incur interest costs, limit future borrowing, and unfairly shift costs between generations. Balanced budgets over the economic cycle are preferable to deficits.
- Inflation rose significantly more than expected in June, with the CPI surging to 5.4% which was the highest rate since 2008. The core CPI also rose sharply.
- Despite high inflation numbers, Powell sees inflation as transitory and says the Fed will remain unchanged for now. Higher inflation is generally positive for gold.
- Positive economic data and increasing bond yields are putting downward pressure on gold, as yields rise and the economic outlook improves. However, inflation remaining elevated could eventually force the Fed to tighten policy, which would be bullish for gold again.
Implementing Governor Hammond's 50/50 Plan (World Trade Center Anchorage 2.22...Brad Keithley
Governor Hammond's "50/50" plan proposes splitting the Alaska Permanent Fund's annual earnings equally between the PFD and essential government services, as Hammond originally intended. Currently, only half goes to the PFD while the other half funds an "inflation proofing" reserve and earnings reserve. Implementing 50/50 could help balance the budget over five years without cutting the PFD or raising taxes, which have severe negative economic impacts by reducing overall Alaska income and increasing poverty and income disparity. There are debates around setting a fixed draw rate from the fund to protect its long-term sustainability.
April's welfare changes: the cumulative effects and the questions they raiseNewPolicyInstitute
The document summarizes the cumulative effects of four welfare changes introduced in April: the replacement of Council Tax Benefit with locally designed Council Tax Support schemes, the under-occupation penalty (bedroom tax), the household benefit cap, and the 1% uprating restriction on working-age benefits. It finds that over 2.4 million people will be negatively affected by changes to Council Tax Support alone, with average weekly losses of £2.60. Combined impacts are estimated to total £4.40 per week on average for those affected by multiple changes. The document raises questions about whether the goals of some reforms are primarily to cut spending rather than achieve social aims, and the risks of a centrally driven "localism" approach that
This document summarizes an economic conference held by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis on October 15, 2014. It discusses current economic conditions in the US and Arkansas. The US economy is seeing steady job growth and falling inflation and unemployment. However, a stronger dollar and weaker global growth could impact exports. In Arkansas, farm income decreased while farmland values fell slightly. The latest survey suggests Arkansas farmland prices may have peaked. Regional economic growth has exceeded the national average, though job growth in Arkansas has been half the national rate and incomes remain below average.
Ways2Capital is one of the leading research house across the globe. The company basically provides recommendations for stocks cash & F&O traded in NSE & BSE,commodities including bullions, metals and agro commodities traded in MCX & NCDEX.
The Mongolian economy experienced strong growth in the first quarter of 2012, with GDP increasing 16.7% compared to the same period last year. However, the state budget deficit also rose as spending increased more quickly than revenues. Additionally, the foreign trade deficit widened by 74% due to rising imports. Inflation remains high at 15.4% despite falling slightly, as food and housing prices increased substantially. With the upcoming elections, further spending increases threaten to drive inflation even higher in the coming months.
The document provides an overview of global economic and financial market developments in July 2015. It discusses central bank actions and macroeconomic data releases across various countries and regions. Mixed economic indicators and ongoing issues like the Greek debt crisis contributed to volatility in markets as stocks, bonds, and commodities fluctuated during the month.
Economic Indicators for the Week of January 18thNAR Research
This document provides a weekly economic forecast and updates from January 18-21, 2011. It forecasts modest GDP growth of 2.5-2.8% in 2010-2011 and 1.9 million new jobs added in 2011. Mortgage rates are expected to be around 5.3% by mid-2011 while unemployment is forecasted to be 9.2%. Economic updates throughout the week report on housing starts, existing home sales, jobless claims and mortgage rates.
The document provides an overview of macroeconomic trends in various regions including the US, Europe, China, and emerging markets. It also covers trends in several sectors. Key points:
- The US economy is in relatively good shape overall despite weakness in the oil industry. Unemployment is low, the housing market is strong, and capital investments are rising except in energy. However, the Fed is expected to delay raising rates until 2016 due to global growth concerns.
- The eurozone faces risks of deflation as inflation recently turned negative. Private consumption had driven growth but may decline if deflation persists. Core inflation remains positive and growth is expected to continue modestly.
- China's economy is slowing as the
The document summarizes a discussion between several individuals at the Federal Reserve Challenge in New York on November 3, 2016. They discussed various economic indicators including the civilian unemployment rate, GDP, labor force participation, Phillip's curve components, and core indices. Other topics included the strong US dollar, extraordinary Fed intervention, national debt, and Fed transfers. Participants also debated the merits and risks of continuing zero interest rate policy (ZIRP) versus gradually increasing rates. One individual proposed a policy recommendation to gradually increase the federal funds rate by 0.1% per month to reach 1% over six months. They concluded by discussing the balance of risks between continuing or adjusting current monetary policy.
The Federal Reserve staff report analyzes the current state of the US economy and recommends a policy of nominal GDP targeting complemented by large scale asset purchases. The economy is sluggishly recovering due to factors restraining growth like businesses being hesitant to expand and high unemployment duration. Nominal GDP remains distant from potential levels. Targeting nominal GDP growth fulfills the Fed's dual mandate and could substantially lower unemployment by increasing inflation expectations and reducing real interest rates to stimulate investment and borrowing.
The Aviva Family Finances Report July 2013Aviva plc
The document is a report on modern UK family finances from July 2013. It finds that the typical UK family's monthly income was just under a record high at £2,108. While overall expenses fell slightly, one-parent families still saw their costs rise. Savings habits improved overall with fewer families saving nothing, though single parents remained least able to save.
The report provides an overview of macroeconomic trends and outlooks for various regions and sectors. For the domestic economy, while facing some headwinds, growth is expected to continue in 2016 driven by strong consumer spending. In Europe, recovery is expected to continue but at a slow pace due to global uncertainties. China is undergoing an economic transition and growth is projected to slow, posing risks globally. Emerging markets face challenges from China's slowdown and commodity price declines but conditions are projected to improve in 2016.
Aviva's biannual UK Family Finances report (December 2014) reveals that:
> UK parents of 0-5s juggle earnings with childcare expenses
> 1 in 10 families using childcare for 0-5s say lower earner takes home nothing after childcare / work costs are paid
> Lower earner typically brings home just £243 after childcare / work costs are paid
> One in three families using childcare for 0-5s turn to grandparents
> Working parents are being hamstrung by childcare costs, with thousands effectively working for nothing, Aviva can reveal.
The company’s Winter 2014 Family Finances Report also reveals that one in 10 families paying childcare costs for youngsters aged 0-5, effectively see one earner bring home nothing from his or her job after childcare and work costs are taken into account.
Similarly one in four families in this position has one parent who brings home less than £100 a month after costs.
Find out more in the full report.
Infographics and quotagraphics to accompany this report are available on Flickr at https://www.flickr.com/photos/avivaplc/
#FamilyFinances
The document provides an economics report summarizing key events in July 2012. It discusses positive gains in stock markets in Australia and the US despite ongoing concerns around a double-dip recession, slowing growth in China, and debt issues in Europe. While the US economy shows continued slow growth, China's GDP growth slowed further. Later in the month, the ECB president signaled a strong commitment to preserve the Euro. Domestically, inflation in Australia remains low and another interest rate cut is unlikely in the near future. The report maintains its end-year forecast for the ASX200 index.
The survey found that:
- 97% of organizations offer paid holidays, with the majority keeping holiday offerings constant despite economic challenges
- The holidays that 95% or more of organizations will observe by closing offices are New Year's Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, and Thanksgiving Day
- 94% of organizations recognize Christmas Day by closing offices, while 26% close for Good Friday
The Bank of Canada today announced that it is maintaining its target for the overnight rate at 1/2 per cent. The Bank Rate is correspondingly 3/4 per cent and the deposit rate is 1/4 per cent.
The global economy is evolving largely as the Bank projected in its April Monetary Policy Report (MPR). In the United States, despite weakness in the first quarter, a number of indicators, including employment, point to a return to solid growth in 2016. Financial conditions remain accommodative, with ongoing geopolitical factors contributing to fragile market sentiment. Oil prices are higher, in part because of short-term supply disruptions.
In Canada, the economy’s structural adjustment to the oil price shock continues, but is proving to be uneven. Growth in the first quarter of 2016 appears to be in line with the Bank’s April projection, although business investment and intentions remain disappointing. The second quarter will be much weaker than predicted because of the devastating Alberta wildfires. The Bank’s preliminary assessment is that fire-related destruction and the associated halt to oil production will cut about 1 1/4 percentage points off real GDP growth in the second quarter. The economy is expected to rebound in the third quarter, as oil production resumes and reconstruction begins. While the Canadian dollar has been fluctuating in response to shifting expectations of US monetary policy and higher oil prices, it is now close to the level assumed in April.
Inflation is roughly in line with the Bank’s expectations. Total CPI inflation has risen recently, largely due to movements in gasoline prices, but remains slightly below the 2 per cent target. Measures of core inflation remain close to 2 per cent, reflecting the offsetting influences of past exchange rate depreciation and excess capacity.
Canada’s housing market continues to display strong regional divergences, reinforced by the complex adjustment underway in the economy. In this context, household vulnerabilities have moved higher. Meanwhile, the risks to the Bank’s inflation projection remain roughly balanced. Therefore, the Bank’s Governing Council judges that the current stance of monetary policy is still appropriate, and the target for the overnight rate remains at 1/2 per cent.
The document provides an overview of the gold market as of June 4, 2021. It covers inflation rates, federal debt levels, gold news and analysis, and the gold price and chart. Inflation unexpectedly surged in April to twice the Fed's target, which could pose upside risks to more persistent inflation if expectations become unanchored. Higher inflation would increase demand for gold as a hedge. However, gold may struggle if interest rates rise in response. The document analyzes factors that could keep inflation elevated and impact the gold market.
Gold may rise as market euphoria about economic recovery ends. While strong GDP growth is expected in the short term due to base effects and stimulus, optimism may be exaggerated, unemployment remains elevated, and risks remain from virus variants. Inflation is already above the Fed's 2% target according to official data, and likely even higher using alternative measures, but the Fed says price increases will be temporary. However, inflation could be more persistent given money supply increases, government spending, and pent-up demand as the economy reopens. Higher inflation would be bullish for gold as an inflation hedge.
The Nordic Outlook document provides an economic forecast for 2017-2018. It predicts that political turbulence from Trump will create both risks and opportunities for growth. While protectionism could slow growth, optimism in the U.S. from households and businesses could offset negative impacts. The document forecasts GDP growth rates for global, OECD, emerging markets and Nordic countries. It also predicts the U.S. Federal Reserve will raise interest rates twice in 2017 and three times in 2018, and the ECB will begin exiting quantitative easing during autumn 2017.
The document discusses the state of the US and global economies. It provides statistics showing that while the US unemployment rate is slowly improving, the labor force participation rate remains low due to retirements and long-term unemployment from the Great Recession. The average duration of unemployment also remains elevated. The government shutdown cost the US economy $24 billion in lost GDP growth. Continued political brinksmanship around the debt ceiling undermines global investor confidence in US institutions. Housing markets are improving but may cool as the Fed tapers quantitative easing. The Eurozone is starting to recover and global GDP growth is forecast to increase to 3.6% in 2014. However, political risks from the US government remain the top threat to both the
David asks the Gibeonites how he can make atonement for Saul killing them. They request that seven of Saul's sons be handed over and hung. Rizpah defends their bodies from animals for months until the rains come. The document then draws parallels between these events and Jesus' crucifixion and salvation through his death.
Este documento presenta la información básica sobre el CEIP Val de la Atalaya. Describe al equipo directivo, cuyo objetivo principal es trabajar unidos para conseguir lo mejor para los alumnos. También detalla los espacios del centro, la cantidad actual de alumnos, los programas educativos y actividades complementarias. Explica que el centro es bilingüe en inglés y cuenta con horario de jornada partida y continua. Finalmente, ofrece detalles sobre el profesorado, el funcionamiento de los aulas de infantil y el
This document provides an overview of regeneration policy in the UK from the late 1990s through 2011. It discusses Labour's urban policy experiments, the impact of the recession on localities, and the policy shifts under the Coalition government toward localism, big society initiatives, and devolving power away from central government. Key policies and developments covered include the regional growth fund, local enterprise partnerships, the national infrastructure plan, and provisions in the Localism Bill. The document is intended to provide context on regeneration policy for discussions around mechanisms for economic development and regeneration at the local level.
Ways2Capital is one of the leading research house across the globe. The company basically provides recommendations for stocks cash & F&O traded in NSE & BSE,commodities including bullions, metals and agro commodities traded in MCX & NCDEX.
The Mongolian economy experienced strong growth in the first quarter of 2012, with GDP increasing 16.7% compared to the same period last year. However, the state budget deficit also rose as spending increased more quickly than revenues. Additionally, the foreign trade deficit widened by 74% due to rising imports. Inflation remains high at 15.4% despite falling slightly, as food and housing prices increased substantially. With the upcoming elections, further spending increases threaten to drive inflation even higher in the coming months.
The document provides an overview of global economic and financial market developments in July 2015. It discusses central bank actions and macroeconomic data releases across various countries and regions. Mixed economic indicators and ongoing issues like the Greek debt crisis contributed to volatility in markets as stocks, bonds, and commodities fluctuated during the month.
Economic Indicators for the Week of January 18thNAR Research
This document provides a weekly economic forecast and updates from January 18-21, 2011. It forecasts modest GDP growth of 2.5-2.8% in 2010-2011 and 1.9 million new jobs added in 2011. Mortgage rates are expected to be around 5.3% by mid-2011 while unemployment is forecasted to be 9.2%. Economic updates throughout the week report on housing starts, existing home sales, jobless claims and mortgage rates.
The document provides an overview of macroeconomic trends in various regions including the US, Europe, China, and emerging markets. It also covers trends in several sectors. Key points:
- The US economy is in relatively good shape overall despite weakness in the oil industry. Unemployment is low, the housing market is strong, and capital investments are rising except in energy. However, the Fed is expected to delay raising rates until 2016 due to global growth concerns.
- The eurozone faces risks of deflation as inflation recently turned negative. Private consumption had driven growth but may decline if deflation persists. Core inflation remains positive and growth is expected to continue modestly.
- China's economy is slowing as the
The document summarizes a discussion between several individuals at the Federal Reserve Challenge in New York on November 3, 2016. They discussed various economic indicators including the civilian unemployment rate, GDP, labor force participation, Phillip's curve components, and core indices. Other topics included the strong US dollar, extraordinary Fed intervention, national debt, and Fed transfers. Participants also debated the merits and risks of continuing zero interest rate policy (ZIRP) versus gradually increasing rates. One individual proposed a policy recommendation to gradually increase the federal funds rate by 0.1% per month to reach 1% over six months. They concluded by discussing the balance of risks between continuing or adjusting current monetary policy.
The Federal Reserve staff report analyzes the current state of the US economy and recommends a policy of nominal GDP targeting complemented by large scale asset purchases. The economy is sluggishly recovering due to factors restraining growth like businesses being hesitant to expand and high unemployment duration. Nominal GDP remains distant from potential levels. Targeting nominal GDP growth fulfills the Fed's dual mandate and could substantially lower unemployment by increasing inflation expectations and reducing real interest rates to stimulate investment and borrowing.
The Aviva Family Finances Report July 2013Aviva plc
The document is a report on modern UK family finances from July 2013. It finds that the typical UK family's monthly income was just under a record high at £2,108. While overall expenses fell slightly, one-parent families still saw their costs rise. Savings habits improved overall with fewer families saving nothing, though single parents remained least able to save.
The report provides an overview of macroeconomic trends and outlooks for various regions and sectors. For the domestic economy, while facing some headwinds, growth is expected to continue in 2016 driven by strong consumer spending. In Europe, recovery is expected to continue but at a slow pace due to global uncertainties. China is undergoing an economic transition and growth is projected to slow, posing risks globally. Emerging markets face challenges from China's slowdown and commodity price declines but conditions are projected to improve in 2016.
Aviva's biannual UK Family Finances report (December 2014) reveals that:
> UK parents of 0-5s juggle earnings with childcare expenses
> 1 in 10 families using childcare for 0-5s say lower earner takes home nothing after childcare / work costs are paid
> Lower earner typically brings home just £243 after childcare / work costs are paid
> One in three families using childcare for 0-5s turn to grandparents
> Working parents are being hamstrung by childcare costs, with thousands effectively working for nothing, Aviva can reveal.
The company’s Winter 2014 Family Finances Report also reveals that one in 10 families paying childcare costs for youngsters aged 0-5, effectively see one earner bring home nothing from his or her job after childcare and work costs are taken into account.
Similarly one in four families in this position has one parent who brings home less than £100 a month after costs.
Find out more in the full report.
Infographics and quotagraphics to accompany this report are available on Flickr at https://www.flickr.com/photos/avivaplc/
#FamilyFinances
The document provides an economics report summarizing key events in July 2012. It discusses positive gains in stock markets in Australia and the US despite ongoing concerns around a double-dip recession, slowing growth in China, and debt issues in Europe. While the US economy shows continued slow growth, China's GDP growth slowed further. Later in the month, the ECB president signaled a strong commitment to preserve the Euro. Domestically, inflation in Australia remains low and another interest rate cut is unlikely in the near future. The report maintains its end-year forecast for the ASX200 index.
The survey found that:
- 97% of organizations offer paid holidays, with the majority keeping holiday offerings constant despite economic challenges
- The holidays that 95% or more of organizations will observe by closing offices are New Year's Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, and Thanksgiving Day
- 94% of organizations recognize Christmas Day by closing offices, while 26% close for Good Friday
The Bank of Canada today announced that it is maintaining its target for the overnight rate at 1/2 per cent. The Bank Rate is correspondingly 3/4 per cent and the deposit rate is 1/4 per cent.
The global economy is evolving largely as the Bank projected in its April Monetary Policy Report (MPR). In the United States, despite weakness in the first quarter, a number of indicators, including employment, point to a return to solid growth in 2016. Financial conditions remain accommodative, with ongoing geopolitical factors contributing to fragile market sentiment. Oil prices are higher, in part because of short-term supply disruptions.
In Canada, the economy’s structural adjustment to the oil price shock continues, but is proving to be uneven. Growth in the first quarter of 2016 appears to be in line with the Bank’s April projection, although business investment and intentions remain disappointing. The second quarter will be much weaker than predicted because of the devastating Alberta wildfires. The Bank’s preliminary assessment is that fire-related destruction and the associated halt to oil production will cut about 1 1/4 percentage points off real GDP growth in the second quarter. The economy is expected to rebound in the third quarter, as oil production resumes and reconstruction begins. While the Canadian dollar has been fluctuating in response to shifting expectations of US monetary policy and higher oil prices, it is now close to the level assumed in April.
Inflation is roughly in line with the Bank’s expectations. Total CPI inflation has risen recently, largely due to movements in gasoline prices, but remains slightly below the 2 per cent target. Measures of core inflation remain close to 2 per cent, reflecting the offsetting influences of past exchange rate depreciation and excess capacity.
Canada’s housing market continues to display strong regional divergences, reinforced by the complex adjustment underway in the economy. In this context, household vulnerabilities have moved higher. Meanwhile, the risks to the Bank’s inflation projection remain roughly balanced. Therefore, the Bank’s Governing Council judges that the current stance of monetary policy is still appropriate, and the target for the overnight rate remains at 1/2 per cent.
The document provides an overview of the gold market as of June 4, 2021. It covers inflation rates, federal debt levels, gold news and analysis, and the gold price and chart. Inflation unexpectedly surged in April to twice the Fed's target, which could pose upside risks to more persistent inflation if expectations become unanchored. Higher inflation would increase demand for gold as a hedge. However, gold may struggle if interest rates rise in response. The document analyzes factors that could keep inflation elevated and impact the gold market.
Gold may rise as market euphoria about economic recovery ends. While strong GDP growth is expected in the short term due to base effects and stimulus, optimism may be exaggerated, unemployment remains elevated, and risks remain from virus variants. Inflation is already above the Fed's 2% target according to official data, and likely even higher using alternative measures, but the Fed says price increases will be temporary. However, inflation could be more persistent given money supply increases, government spending, and pent-up demand as the economy reopens. Higher inflation would be bullish for gold as an inflation hedge.
The Nordic Outlook document provides an economic forecast for 2017-2018. It predicts that political turbulence from Trump will create both risks and opportunities for growth. While protectionism could slow growth, optimism in the U.S. from households and businesses could offset negative impacts. The document forecasts GDP growth rates for global, OECD, emerging markets and Nordic countries. It also predicts the U.S. Federal Reserve will raise interest rates twice in 2017 and three times in 2018, and the ECB will begin exiting quantitative easing during autumn 2017.
The document discusses the state of the US and global economies. It provides statistics showing that while the US unemployment rate is slowly improving, the labor force participation rate remains low due to retirements and long-term unemployment from the Great Recession. The average duration of unemployment also remains elevated. The government shutdown cost the US economy $24 billion in lost GDP growth. Continued political brinksmanship around the debt ceiling undermines global investor confidence in US institutions. Housing markets are improving but may cool as the Fed tapers quantitative easing. The Eurozone is starting to recover and global GDP growth is forecast to increase to 3.6% in 2014. However, political risks from the US government remain the top threat to both the
David asks the Gibeonites how he can make atonement for Saul killing them. They request that seven of Saul's sons be handed over and hung. Rizpah defends their bodies from animals for months until the rains come. The document then draws parallels between these events and Jesus' crucifixion and salvation through his death.
Este documento presenta la información básica sobre el CEIP Val de la Atalaya. Describe al equipo directivo, cuyo objetivo principal es trabajar unidos para conseguir lo mejor para los alumnos. También detalla los espacios del centro, la cantidad actual de alumnos, los programas educativos y actividades complementarias. Explica que el centro es bilingüe en inglés y cuenta con horario de jornada partida y continua. Finalmente, ofrece detalles sobre el profesorado, el funcionamiento de los aulas de infantil y el
This document provides an overview of regeneration policy in the UK from the late 1990s through 2011. It discusses Labour's urban policy experiments, the impact of the recession on localities, and the policy shifts under the Coalition government toward localism, big society initiatives, and devolving power away from central government. Key policies and developments covered include the regional growth fund, local enterprise partnerships, the national infrastructure plan, and provisions in the Localism Bill. The document is intended to provide context on regeneration policy for discussions around mechanisms for economic development and regeneration at the local level.
MSI International is an employee-owned recruiting firm that has been in business since 1968, placing professionals in various industries including accounting, banking, engineering, healthcare, and more. With offices throughout the US and affiliates in Europe, MSI provides recruiting services worldwide, focusing on direct-hire and contract professionals. MSI specializes in recruiting for specific industries, such as accounting, engineering, IT, and others, filling a wide range of positions within each field.
11.a focus on a common fixed point theorem using weakly compatible mappingsAlexander Decker
The document presents a common fixed point theorem that generalizes an earlier theorem by Bijendra Singh and M.S. Chauhan. It replaces the conditions of compatibility and completeness with weaker conditions of weakly compatible mappings and an associated convergent sequence. The theorem proves that if self-maps A, B, S, and T of a metric space satisfy certain conditions, including (1) A(X) ⊆ T(X) and B(X) ⊆ S(X), (2) the pairs (A,S) and (B,T) are weakly compatible, and (3) the associated sequence converges, then the maps have a unique common fixed point. An example is given where the
Haiti has a rich culture expressed through its art, music, and architecture. The country faces major challenges from poverty and the 2010 earthquake but its people demonstrate strength and resilience. Non-profits are working to support Haitian artisans and rebuild homes damaged in the quake.
WSI Axon is a global digital marketing agency with offices in over 80 countries. They provide various digital marketing services including search engine optimization, social media marketing, pay per click advertising, content marketing, and more. They have over 20 years of experience in delivering digital solutions and work with a global network of agencies. Their approach involves partnering with businesses to help them leverage the power of the internet and follow a results-oriented methodology.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang kebutuhan manusia, perbedaan antara kebutuhan dan keinginan, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebutuhan, dan klasifikasi kebutuhan menurut intensitas, waktu, sifat, subjek, dan pengaruh lingkungan seperti peradaban, agama, dan adat istiadat.
The filmmakers targeted an audience aged over 20 who enjoy problem solving. To attract this audience, they used both old media (posters) and new media (social media posts). Feedback on the initial logline and opening title sequence led to revisions to create more mystery. Social media was effective at spreading the film as people shared the video. Audience feedback helped the filmmakers identify what worked well in the opening titles and aspects to improve for the future.
This document provides information about Social Security benefits in the United States. It discusses who is eligible for benefits, how benefits are calculated, and how non-covered pensions from government employment can affect Social Security benefits through provisions like the Windfall Elimination Provision and Government Pension Offset. The document also includes examples of how these provisions are applied to calculate benefit amounts.
City of Carlsbad - Employee Data AnalysisAndee Johnson
The document analyzes employee data for the City of Carlsbad. It finds that while Parks and Recreation employees make up most employees, they have the lowest average pay and highest percentage at minimum wage. Fire employees have the highest average pay but smallest numbers. Longer-tenured employees generally earn more, though this varies by department. Departments differ significantly in their health plan enrollment percentages.
The document provides information from an actuarial report on the Cook County Pension Fund for fiscal year 2012. Some key points include:
- The pension fund was only 53.5% funded in FY2012 and is projected to become insolvent in 2034 if no changes are made.
- The unfunded liability increased by over $1.6 billion since 2010 and was $6.79 billion in FY2012.
- The annual required contribution was $529 million but the county only contributed $190.6 million, leading to a growing shortfall.
This document provides an overview of social security benefits and claiming strategies. It discusses key topics like full retirement age, benefit calculations, spousal and survivor benefits, taxation of benefits, and special considerations for non-covered pensions. The presentation aims to help clients understand their options and maximize lifetime benefits through informed claiming decisions. Case studies are used to illustrate how different claiming strategies can impact combined benefits and taxes over time for individuals and couples.
Generational Retirement Trends Study - 2015T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price's recent Retirement Saving & Spending Study revealed that across groups of 401(k) savers, millennials are following better financial habits than those of baby boomers.
“We think it’s encouraging that millennials are so receptive to saving for retirement and that they are generally practicing good financial habits,” says Anne Coveney, senior manager of Retirement Thought Leadership at T. Rowe Price who led this research study. “When they have the means to do the right thing, it appears that they often do.’
Throughout this presentation, we uncover how different generational workers are saving and spending, and indentify the statistics that differentiate these populations.
This document provides information about Social Security benefits in the United States, including retirement benefits, cost of living adjustments, eligibility requirements, benefit calculations, Medicare coverage, and planning for retirement. Key details include how Social Security benefits are calculated based on earnings history, the full retirement age increasing to 67, spousal and child benefits, survivors benefits, and Medicare enrollment periods.
This document discusses unemployment, inflation, and productivity in the United States from 1948 to 2008. It provides data on unemployment rates over time, showing rates declined from the 1950s to the 1980s but increased in recessions. Different types of unemployment like frictional, structural, and cyclical unemployment are defined. Inflation rates are shown to rise sharply in the 1970s but decline since the early 1980s, fluctuating with economic expansions and recessions. Consumer price indexes are discussed as a measure of inflation.
Ge pension presentation new york june (final)lyndseyoday
- Pension plan returns have exceeded expected rates since 2010 but discount rates used to calculate liabilities have remained low, causing liabilities to rise faster than returns on investments.
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This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
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All Work, No Pay: The Impact of Forfeited Time Off
1. 0
All Work and No Pay: The Impact of Forfeited Time Off
October 2014
As prepared by:
Oxford Economics
September 2014
2. Key Findings
• Americans are taking less vacation time than at any point in the last nearly four decades. In 2013,
employees entitled to paid time off (PTO) took and average of 16 days of vacation compared to an
average of 20 days as recently as 2000.
• Among employees with PTO, nearly five days went unused in 2013. Of those five days, 1.6 days
will be permanently lost, totaling 169 million days across the workforce.
• By choosing to work instead of taking PTO, employees are essentially working for their employers
for free. The 169 million days of forfeited PTO equates to $52.4 billion in lost benefits.
• Employees who forfeit PTO do not receive raises or bonuses at a faster rate than those who take
all of their vacation time. However, employees leaving days on the table report higher levels of
stress at work.
1
3. Methodology
Oxford Economics’ analysis is based on the Monthly Current Population Survey results reported by the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and a June 2014 survey of 1,303 American workers conducted
by GfK Public Affairs and Corporate Communications in conjunction with Oxford Economics. The BLS
data compiles long-term vacation activity, while the GfK results indicate average vacation days taken.
By combining the two data sources, Oxford Economics determined long-term, historical vacation
activity among American workers.
For a full methodology, refer to page 41.
2
5. Long Term Trends Vacation Usage Show Steady Decline
Analysis of BLS data shows a steady decline in the number of vacation days taken by Americans
over the past two decades.
In 2013, employees with paid time off took 16.0 days of paid leave. As recently as the 2005 to
2010 period, Oxford Economics estimates employed adults took an average of 18.1 days of
vacation annually. Over the long-term period from 1976 to 2000, annual vacation time used
averaged 20.3 days.
If Americans returned to vacation patterns experienced on average from 1976 to 2000 (20.3 days
per year on average), annual vacation days taken by employed people would increase 27%,
which would be equivalent to 768 million additional days of vacation at a national level (4.3
additional vacation days, times 179 million employed people based on Bureau of Economic
Analysis).
4
6. Long Term Trends Vacation Usage Show Steady Decline
If Americans were to use those 768 million days, it would result in $284 billion of economic
impact, including $118 billion in direct travel spending.
Full-week vacations have steadily declined over the more than 35 years covered by the survey.
The impact of this decline was offset by increased incidence of partial-week vacations through
the mid-1990s. Since then, the frequency of partial-week vacations has eased, even as the
frequency of full-week vacations has continued to decline.
5
7. Annual Vacation Days
6
Annual Vacation Days
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
Average Vacation Days Used, Among Employed Adults
Long Term Average
(1976 to 2000)
20.3 days
Estimated Annual
Vacation Days Used
(24-month moving
average)
Recent Average
(2013)
16.0 days
1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
8. Full-Week Vacation Activity has Steadily Declined
Percentage of Employed Adults on Vacation
3.0%
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
7
Full-Week Vacations
Not at work all week due to vacation, among employed adults
Full-Week Vacations
(24-Month Moving
Average)
Recent Average
(2013)
1.7%
1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
9. Partial-Week Vacation has Leveled Off Since the Mid 1990s
Percentage of Employed Adults on Vacation
3.0%
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
8
Partial-Week Vacations
Usually work full time, but worked fewer than 35 hours due to vacation
Partial-Week
Vacations by Full-
Time Workers
(24-Month Moving
Average)
Recent Average
(2013)
2.2%
1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
10. Percentage of Employed Adults on Vacation
3.0%
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
Vacation Activity by Type
Full-Week and Partial-Week Vacations
Partial-Week Vacations by
Full-Time Workers
(24 Month Moving Average,
Usually Work Full-Time but
Worked Fewer than 35
Hours Due to Vacation)
Recent average
1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
(2013)
1.7%
Full-Week Vacation
(24 Month Moving
Average)
Recent average
(2013)
2.2%
Decline of Full-Week Vacations is No Longer being Offset
9
12. Introduction to the Survey
• This analysis assesses the value of paid time off (PTO) forgone by US workers.
• For the purposes of this analysis, PTO includes vacation and personal days, but excludes sick days
and paid holidays.
• The study is based on a survey conducted by GfK and Oxford Economics on behalf of U.S. Travel.
11
13. 20.9
16.0
4.9
25
20
15
10
5
0
Earned
PTO
Taken
PTO
Unused
PTO
PTO Summary
Days PTO Utilization 77%
Summary Metrics of PTO
• On average, employees surveyed
earned just under 21 PTO days in 2013.
• Employees took an average of 16 PTO
days, and left 4.9 days on the table.
• On average, U.S. workers used 77% of
earned PTO.
12
14. Amount of PTO Earned
18.5
23.2
18.2 17.9
11.5
10.7
25
20
15
10
5
0
1-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31 or
more
% of respondents
Days of PTO
Average
20.9 days
Distribution of PTO
• Nearly a quarter of employees earn
13
between 11 and 15 PTO days per year.
• Just under 60% of employees earn
between 11 and 25 PTO days per year.
15. Distribution of PTO Taken
• Nearly 40% of workers take between 10
14
and 19 PTO days.
• Just under a quarter of employees take
less than 10 PTO days.
Amount of PTO Taken
% of respondents
4.1
19.3
38.0
22.3
16.1
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 1-9 10-19 20-24 25+
Days of PTO
Average
16.0 days
16. Options for Unused PTO
• Not all unused PTO is actually lost.
• Most employees (56%) can either roll
over or bank PTO days for later use.
• But nearly a quarter (23.4%) lose it at
the end of the year.
15
Options for Unused PTO
8.8
4.0
16.4
23.4
47.4
0 10 20 30 40 50
% of respondents
Roll it over
Use it or lose it
Be paid for it
Bank it
Don't know
17. The Limit to Bank it or Roll it Over
1.3
9.9
20.5
19.6
19.0
29.7
0 10 20 30 40
% of respondents
1-5 days
21+ days
6-10 days
11-15 days
16-20 days
Don't know
Limits on Rolled Over PTO
• Of those that can roll it or bank, there
are caps and expiration periods.
• Nearly a third (29.7%) can only roll over
or bank five days or less.
16
18. Unused Days of PTO in 2013
3.7
5.4
5.2
5.0
6.5
Days by income group
0 5 10
>$150k
$75 to <$150k
$50 to <$75k
$30 to <$50k
<$29k
Days of
PTO
Averag
e
4.9
Days
Unused PTO by Income
• Higher income earners tend to earn
more PTO, and also leave more PTO
days on the table.
• On average, the US worker did not take
4.9 days of earned PTO in 2013.
17
19. PTO Lost After Constraints
• After taking into account caps and
expiration of roll over and banked PTO,
a portion is actually lost.
• Higher income earners have more to
lose.
• On average, U.S. employees lost 1.6
PTO days in 2013.
18
Days of PTO Lost in 2013
1.7
1.9
1.4
1.3
3.8
2.4
3.7
3.4
3.6
2.8
0 2 4 6 8
>$150k
$75 to <$150k
$50 to <$75k
$30 to <$50k
<$29k
Lost PTO
Unused
Days by income group
Days of PTO
Average
Days Lost:
1.6
20. Lost PTO
• On average, U.S. employees lost more
than a third of their unused PTO.
• High income earners lost more than half
of unused PTO days.
19
Share of Unused PTO Lost in
31.5
35.6
28.6
35.6
57.5
Share by income group, %
0 50 100
>$150k
$75 to <$150k
$50 to <$75k
$30 to <$50k
<$29k
Days of PTO
Average
Share Lost
34%
2013
21. Estimated Value of a Foregone PTO Day
• Based on total annual income and an
assumed 260 work days, the value of a
forgone PTO day was estimated by
income group.
20
Estimated Value of a Forgone PTO
$307.69
$144.23
$105.77
$38.46
$211.54
$432.69
$625.00
Income in Thousands
$0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000
$150 to <$175
$100 to <$125
$75 to <$85
$50 to <$60
$35 to <$40
$25 to <$30
<$20
$ Per Day
22. Value of Lost PTO Days
• Lost PTO days multiplied by the value of
a forgone day yields an estimate of the
monetary value of lost days by income
group.
• On average, U.S. employees give up
$504 in paid time off – essentially giving
their employers that amount in free
work.
21
Value of Lost PTO Days
$470
$234
$108
$770
$3,427
0 2,000 4,000
$ by income group
>$150k
$75 to <$150k
$50 to <$75k
$30 to <$50k
<$29k
Average
$504
$ Pay Cut
23. Percent Value of Lost PTO
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.7
1.4
By income group, %
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
>$150k
$75 to <$150k
$50 to <$75k
$30 to <$50k
<$29k
Average
1.1%
Value of Lost PTO Days
• By forgoing these days, employees are
essentially working for free.
• High income earners give up the most,
1.4% of their pay, on average.
• Overall, U.S. workers give 1.1% of their
salary back to their employer each year,
in the form of free work.
22
24. 16.7 13.4
17.5
23.2
10.8
21.1
83.3 86.6 82.5
76.8
89.2
78.9
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21+
Yes
No
Recent Bonus by Unused PTO
% of respondents
Bonus in
Last 3
Days of Unused
Pay Raise Based on PTO Used
• There is no evidence that taking less
time off boosts the chance of getting a
raise or a bonus.
• Employees who used most earned PTO
were just as likely to get a raise or
promotion than those who left PTO
unused.
23
25. Pay Raise Based on Hours Worked
• Employees that worked between 40 and
49 hours per week were slightly more
likely to have received a recent pay
raise.
• But this relationship was not apparent at
higher levels of hours worked per week.
24
Weekly Hours by Recent Raise
12.0
71.0
12.0
5.0
13.0
67.0
14.0
6.0
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
35-39 40-49 50-59 >60
Yes No
% of respondents
Raise in the
last 3
years?
Weekly Hours
26. 4
5
7
13
8
21
19
18
20
21
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 1-5 6-10 11-15 16+
Very
Extremely
Stressed at Work
% of respondents
Days of Unused PTO
Stress at Work
• Stress at work was clearly associated
with leaving more unused PTO days.
• The more PTO days employees leave
behind, the more likely they are to report
being “very” or “extremely” stressed at
work.
25
27. 1
2
1
6
3.16
7
8 9
5
2.11
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 1-5 6-10 11-15 16+
Very
Extremely
Stressed at Home
% of respondents
Days of unused PTO
Stress at Home
• While a relatively small share of workers
reported stress at home, the share tends
to increase the more days of PTO
workers leave on the table.
26
28. Extrapolate to Total Economy
• The amount of time off forfeited for the
entire economy is the average amount of
free labor hours times the total jobs in 2013.
• Average amount of free labor= $504
per job
• Estimated non-farm payroll jobs in
2013 that received PTO: 103.9 million
• Total economic impact= $52.4 billion, which
is greater than total wage and salary income
in several states.
27
Voluntary Pay Cut in Context
Total wage and salary income by state, $ billions
52.4
0 25 50 75 100 125
Connecticut
Louisiana
Alabama
Oregon
South Carolina
Kentucky
Oklahoma
Iowa
District of Columbia
Kansas
Utah
Voluntary Pay Cut
Nevada
Arkansas
Mississippi
Nebraska
New Mexico
New Hampshire
30. PTO Summary by Region
Days, utilization in parentheses (days taken/days earned)
22.1
17.9
Northeast (81.0%)
Midwest (78.6%)
South (73.1%)
West (78.0%)
4.2
21.1
16.6
4.5
20.6
15.0
5.5
20.2
15.8
4.4
25
20
15
10
5
0
Earned
PTO
Taken
PTO
Unused
PTO
PTO Summary, by Region
• Workers in the Northeast earn more and
29
take more PTO.
• The South region stands out as taking
less PTO than other regions and leaving
more PTO days on the table.
31. Distribution of PTO Earned, By Region
• Workers in the Northeast earn an
30
average of 22.1 days of PTO per year.
• More workers in the South and West
regions earn less than 15 days of PTO.
% of respondents by region, average PTO earned in days in parentheses
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Amount of PTO Earned
Northeast (22.1)
Midwest (21.1)
South (20.6)
West (20.2)
1-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31 or
more
Days of PTO
32. Distribution of PTO Taken, By Region
• Few workers in the Northeast take less
31
than 10 days of PTO per year.
• Just under 30% of employees in the
South taken less than 10 days of PTO;
this is a higher share than any other
region.
% of respondents by region, average PTO taken in days in parentheses
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Amount of PTO Taken
Northeast (17.9)
Midwest (16.6)
South (15.0)
West (15.8)
0 1-9 10-19 20-24 25+
Days of PTO
33. Unused and Lost PTO, By Region
• The West region of the US reported
leaving more PTO unused and also
more PTO actually lost.
• The Northeast region left fewer days of
PTO on the table and also lost fewer
days of PTO.
32
Unused and Lost PTO by Region
2.2
1.7
2.0
1.3
2.9
2.4
2.8
3.4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
West
South
Midwest
Northeast
Lost
Unused
Days of PTO
34. Lost PTO as a Share of Unused PTO, By Region
• Of the unused PTO days, employees in
33
the West tend to actually lose a higher
share at 46% due to roll over caps and
expiration banked and rolled over PTO.
Share of Unused PTO Actually Lost
36.6
32.1
39.4
45.7
0 10 20 30 40 50
West
South
Midwest
Northeast
Share, %
35. Findings by Region
• The value of employees’ forfeited time
off is highest in the South.
• This is due to the low utilization of PTO
days. Also, more unused PTO days are
forgone by those in the higher income
groups.
• For Southern employees, this is the
equivalent to 1.5% of their salary,
compared to 0.6% in the Northeast.
34
Percent Value of Lost PTO
0.7
0.6
1.2
1.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
South
Midwest
West
Northeast
37. PTO Summary by Gender
• There were no major differences
reported by gender in terms of PTO
earned.
• Men tend to take less PTO and leave
slightly more on the table.
36
PTO Summary by Gender
Days PTO utilization
20.7
15.8
Male: 76.4%
Female: 77.2%
4.9
21.2
16.4
Male
Female
4.8
25
20
15
10
5
0
Earned
PTO
Taken
PTO
Unused
PTO
38. Distribution of Earned PTO, By Gender
37
Amount of PTO Earned
17.5
23.0
19.9
17.5
Male avg: 20.7 days
Female avg: 21.2 days
11.6
Male Female
10.4
19.8
23.4
15.8
18.5
11.3 11.2
25
20
15
10
5
0
1-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31 or
more
% of respondents by gender
Days of PTO
39. Distribution of PTO Taken, By Gender
38
% of respondents
5.5
Amount of PTO Taken
19.1
38.0
21.1
Male Female
16.3
2.2
19.5
38.1
24.0
15.9
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 1-9 10-19 20-24 25+
Days of PTO
Male avg: 15.8 days
Female avg: 16.4
days
40. Lost PTO, By Gender
• According to survey results, female
workers tend to lose slightly more PTO
days compared with male their
counterparts.
• Women lost an average of 38% of
unused PTO, compared with 31% for
men.
39
Unused and Lost PTO by Gender
1.8
1.5
3.0
3.4
0 1 2 3 4 5
Female
Male
Lost
Unused
Days of PTO
41. Benefits Lost, by Gender
• Both men and women gave their
employers just over $500 of free labor
per job.
• In percentage terms, women work for
free more than men, equivalent to 1.3%
of their salary vs. 0.8% for men.
40
Benefits Lost per Job, By Gender
In dollars and % cut per job
$503
0.8%
$505
Male
Female
1.3%
$ value % pay cut
Per Job
43. Methodology
The analysis uses two sources of information. The first is the Current Population Survey (CPS),
which is a monthly survey of U.S. households that provides the national unemployment rate and
other labor force information reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
For the purpose of this analysis, Oxford Economics focused on two categories of employed
people as tracked by the CPS. Those who were not at work all week, due to vacation, which we
refer to as “full-week vacations.” Those who usually work full time, but worked fewer than 35
hours during the week, due to vacation, which we refer to as “partial-week vacations”
We have referred to these two categories combined as: “employed, on vacation during part or all
of the week”.
These categories are focused on vacation time (including personal days), and exclude other
reasons such as illness, bad weather, labor dispute, or economic reasons such as a furlough.
The CPS asks respondents about their activities during a specific reference week each month.
This is defined as the week (Sunday through Saturday) that includes the 12th of the month; it is
modified on occasion to avoid major holidays that could impede data collection.
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44. Methodology
Our analysis of CPS data found that people that were employed, but on vacation during part or
all of the week, represented 4.0% of employed people on average during 2013.
To put this measure in context, if an individual took vacation two weeks a year (either the full-week,
or partial-week) it would represented 3.8% of the year (e.g. 2 weeks / 52 weeks).
The second source of information used in our analysis is the Vacation Time Opportunity Survey
conducted by GfK and Tourism Economics in 2014 that shows the average employee with paid
time off used 16 days of vacation time in 2013.
Starting with this survey-based average of 16 days of vacation during 2013, we estimated days
of vacation historically, and forward into 2014, based on the CPS survey results.
The process of scaling the CPS data based on the 2013 survey result included assumptions on
the number of vacation days being taken by the two categories of survey respondents (full-week
and partial-week).
43
45. Methodology
The CPS provides an indicator of vacation activity, but it has some limitations. For example:
During the CPS interview, households are asked about the time they spent at work during
specific mid-month reference weeks. These weeks are selected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
to measure stable work weeks, minimizing the impact of major holidays. As such, the CPS data
is an indicator of how vacation activity has changed during mid-month periods over time, which
may differ from vacation activity during major holidays.
The CPS provides an indicator of vacation activity, but it has some limitations. For example:
• During the CPS interview, households are asked about the time they spent at work during specific mid-month
reference weeks. These weeks are selected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to measure stable work weeks,
minimizing the impact of major holidays. As such, the CPS data is an indicator of how vacation activity has
changed during mid-month periods over time, which may differ from vacation activity during major holidays.
• Changes in the ways Americans use their vacation time during the year could impact the survey results
independently of the actual quantity of vacation time used. For example, taking multiple short vacations, such as
two days of one week and three days of another week rather than a full five-day week, could result in a greater
incidence of vacation activity being measured in the CPS approach, even though the quantity of days could be the
same. Similarly, a trend of taking shorter partial-week vacations such as two days off rather than three, would not
be evident in the CPS-based results as a reduction in vacation activity.
44
46. Methodology
• The CPS survey has been periodically redesigned, such as to improve the sample process or refine the interview
process. One such redesign was implemented in 1994. To support comparability across the full period of available
information back to June 1976, Tourism Economics has adjusted the data for the 1976 to 1993 period based on a
comparison of survey results directly before and directly after the redesigned survey was implemented.
• In addition to stable seasonal patterns that do not detract from the analysis, such as higher vacation activity in
summer months, there are also less stable patterns. For example, the impacts of certain religious holidays that
occur during the reference week on certain months, as well as major weather events. Lastly, though there are
60,000 households included in the sample, there are also typical survey-related sources of variability.
• The CPS survey has been periodically redesigned, such as to improve the sample process or refine the interview
process. One such redesign was implemented in 1994. To support comparability across the full period of available
information back to June 1976, Tourism Economics has adjusted the data for the 1976 to 1993 period based on a
comparison of survey results directly before and directly after the redesigned survey was implemented.
• The raw CPS data on vacation activity is volatile from month to month, requiring the use of longer-term averages,
such as the 24 month moving average, to smooth the results.
• In addition to stable seasonal patterns that do not detract from the analysis, such as higher vacation activity in
summer months, there are also less stable patterns. For example, the impacts of certain religious holidays that
occur during the reference week on certain months, as well as major weather events. Lastly, though there are
60,000 households included in the sample, there are also typical survey-related sources of variability.
45
47. All Work and No Pay: The Impact of Forfeited Time Off
October 2014