This document provides an overview of regeneration policy in the UK from the late 1990s through 2011. It discusses Labour's urban policy experiments, the impact of the recession on localities, and the policy shifts under the Coalition government toward localism, big society initiatives, and devolving power away from central government. Key policies and developments covered include the regional growth fund, local enterprise partnerships, the national infrastructure plan, and provisions in the Localism Bill. The document is intended to provide context on regeneration policy for discussions around mechanisms for economic development and regeneration at the local level.
The document discusses governance and policy issues related to managing the complex urban region of Greater Manchester. It outlines several policy strands around regeneration, local government modernization, and performance management. It also discusses the role of localities during economic recessions and mechanisms that have been used in Manchester to coordinate governance across multiple local authorities.
1. The document discusses options for enhancing local revenue generation in Uganda, including borrowing, municipal bonds, contracting out revenue collection, and public-private partnerships.
2. It identifies challenges facing local revenue mobilization such as political interference, lack of staff and skills, and low tax base. There are also weaknesses in tax collection systems.
3. The document recommends improving revenue administration through strengthening identification and registration of taxable items, sensitization of taxpayers, and establishing performance-based incentives for revenue collectors.
The document proposes a project for Pakistan that aims to create a more equitable tax system and increase domestic resource mobilization. It would do this by enhancing the capacity of civil society and tax authorities to advocate for reforming Pakistan's regressive tax laws and policies that disproportionately benefit the wealthy. This includes eliminating tax exemptions, broadening the tax base to cover more sectors, and reducing political influence over the tax system. The goals are to generate more tax revenue to fund basic services for citizens and reduce inequality as outlined in the UN SDGs. Key activities would include training, public awareness campaigns, lobbying lawmakers, and research to advocate for a fairer, more progressive tax system.
Mobilizing Local Government Tax Revenue for Adequate Service Delivery in Nige...Oghenovo Egbegbedia
This document is a project work submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master's degree in Economics. It examines mobilizing local government tax revenue for adequate service delivery in Nigeria through an empirical analysis from 1970 to 2007. The introduction provides background on local government in Nigeria, outlines the statement of problem as inadequate funding limiting local government effectiveness. The objectives are to determine how to mobilize local tax revenue for adequate health and education services and explore intergovernmental transfers to decentralize financing in the absence of sufficient local revenue. The study aims to evaluate ways to mobilize local tax revenue for adequate service delivery in Nigeria.
The document discusses public economic enterprises (PEEs) owned by local governments in the Philippines. It defines PEEs and purposeful PEEs, which contribute to sustainable development and quality service delivery. Purposeful PEEs are managed according to clear goals and business plans. They can help reduce poverty by providing equitable access to services, attracting investors, and potentially involving small and medium enterprises. PEEs also contribute to local economic development, revenue generation, and good governance. However, many current PEEs operate at a loss and require subsidies, and their management could be improved. The document discusses policy options for strengthening PEEs through greater autonomy, privatization, cooperation between local governments, and changes to fees and management
BIS LEPs and RGF inquiry pugalis bentley gibbons shuttLee Pugalis
This document provides a summary of evidence submitted to the BIS Select Committee regarding Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) and the Regional Growth Fund (RGF). It finds that some LEPs have struggled due to a lack of previous collaboration. It also notes that LEP geographies do not always match functional economic areas and that cross-border collaboration should be incentivized. Additionally, it reports that establishing new institutions like LEPs takes significant time and resources, and some board members have become disillusioned by the slow process. It concludes by calling for more long-term funding and support for LEPs to help embed them and allow them to better focus on local economic priorities.
Urban Public Finance / Local Public FinanceRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to students of Symbiosis School of Economics - Pune describes subject matter of urban public finance and how it is both positive and normative science.
New directions in economic development localism act bentley and pugalisLee Pugalis
Since entering office in 2010, a distinct grammar of localism has pervaded the UK Government’s philosophical outlook, which has inflected localist policy discourses and practice. Now that the Coalition administration’s ‘local’ economic development policy is becoming a little clearer, it is timely to consider the implications of this new grammar for the scope, organisation and mobilisation of economic development interventions. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to trace new and emergent directions in economic development through a focus on the 2011 Localism Act, which applies to England and Wales. The paper interprets these changes through a localist conceptual prism, which helps to refract different varieties of localism. The findings raise some serious concerns regarding localism in action and expose the controlling tendencies of central government. Analysis is also directed towards the uneasy relationship between centralised powers, conditional decentralisation and fragmented localism. Nevertheless, some cases of emergent practice are utilised to demonstrate how ‘constrained freedoms’ can be negotiated to undertake innovative actions. The paper concludes by suggesting some foundational elements that would support the notion of ‘empowered localities’ and may also secure the government’s imperative to enable private sector-led growth.
Key words
2011 Localism Act, local economic development, Local Enterprise Partnerships, Economic Prosperity Boards, Combined Authorities
Bentley, G. & Pugalis, L. (2013) 'New directions in economic development: localist policy discourses and the Localism Act', Local Economy
The document discusses governance and policy issues related to managing the complex urban region of Greater Manchester. It outlines several policy strands around regeneration, local government modernization, and performance management. It also discusses the role of localities during economic recessions and mechanisms that have been used in Manchester to coordinate governance across multiple local authorities.
1. The document discusses options for enhancing local revenue generation in Uganda, including borrowing, municipal bonds, contracting out revenue collection, and public-private partnerships.
2. It identifies challenges facing local revenue mobilization such as political interference, lack of staff and skills, and low tax base. There are also weaknesses in tax collection systems.
3. The document recommends improving revenue administration through strengthening identification and registration of taxable items, sensitization of taxpayers, and establishing performance-based incentives for revenue collectors.
The document proposes a project for Pakistan that aims to create a more equitable tax system and increase domestic resource mobilization. It would do this by enhancing the capacity of civil society and tax authorities to advocate for reforming Pakistan's regressive tax laws and policies that disproportionately benefit the wealthy. This includes eliminating tax exemptions, broadening the tax base to cover more sectors, and reducing political influence over the tax system. The goals are to generate more tax revenue to fund basic services for citizens and reduce inequality as outlined in the UN SDGs. Key activities would include training, public awareness campaigns, lobbying lawmakers, and research to advocate for a fairer, more progressive tax system.
Mobilizing Local Government Tax Revenue for Adequate Service Delivery in Nige...Oghenovo Egbegbedia
This document is a project work submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master's degree in Economics. It examines mobilizing local government tax revenue for adequate service delivery in Nigeria through an empirical analysis from 1970 to 2007. The introduction provides background on local government in Nigeria, outlines the statement of problem as inadequate funding limiting local government effectiveness. The objectives are to determine how to mobilize local tax revenue for adequate health and education services and explore intergovernmental transfers to decentralize financing in the absence of sufficient local revenue. The study aims to evaluate ways to mobilize local tax revenue for adequate service delivery in Nigeria.
The document discusses public economic enterprises (PEEs) owned by local governments in the Philippines. It defines PEEs and purposeful PEEs, which contribute to sustainable development and quality service delivery. Purposeful PEEs are managed according to clear goals and business plans. They can help reduce poverty by providing equitable access to services, attracting investors, and potentially involving small and medium enterprises. PEEs also contribute to local economic development, revenue generation, and good governance. However, many current PEEs operate at a loss and require subsidies, and their management could be improved. The document discusses policy options for strengthening PEEs through greater autonomy, privatization, cooperation between local governments, and changes to fees and management
BIS LEPs and RGF inquiry pugalis bentley gibbons shuttLee Pugalis
This document provides a summary of evidence submitted to the BIS Select Committee regarding Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) and the Regional Growth Fund (RGF). It finds that some LEPs have struggled due to a lack of previous collaboration. It also notes that LEP geographies do not always match functional economic areas and that cross-border collaboration should be incentivized. Additionally, it reports that establishing new institutions like LEPs takes significant time and resources, and some board members have become disillusioned by the slow process. It concludes by calling for more long-term funding and support for LEPs to help embed them and allow them to better focus on local economic priorities.
Urban Public Finance / Local Public FinanceRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to students of Symbiosis School of Economics - Pune describes subject matter of urban public finance and how it is both positive and normative science.
New directions in economic development localism act bentley and pugalisLee Pugalis
Since entering office in 2010, a distinct grammar of localism has pervaded the UK Government’s philosophical outlook, which has inflected localist policy discourses and practice. Now that the Coalition administration’s ‘local’ economic development policy is becoming a little clearer, it is timely to consider the implications of this new grammar for the scope, organisation and mobilisation of economic development interventions. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to trace new and emergent directions in economic development through a focus on the 2011 Localism Act, which applies to England and Wales. The paper interprets these changes through a localist conceptual prism, which helps to refract different varieties of localism. The findings raise some serious concerns regarding localism in action and expose the controlling tendencies of central government. Analysis is also directed towards the uneasy relationship between centralised powers, conditional decentralisation and fragmented localism. Nevertheless, some cases of emergent practice are utilised to demonstrate how ‘constrained freedoms’ can be negotiated to undertake innovative actions. The paper concludes by suggesting some foundational elements that would support the notion of ‘empowered localities’ and may also secure the government’s imperative to enable private sector-led growth.
Key words
2011 Localism Act, local economic development, Local Enterprise Partnerships, Economic Prosperity Boards, Combined Authorities
Bentley, G. & Pugalis, L. (2013) 'New directions in economic development: localist policy discourses and the Localism Act', Local Economy
Decentralized tax system and public expenditures in rwandaTheogene Habimana
Fiscal and tax decentralization is a mechanism for constraining the expansionary tendencies of governments. Under this approach, all-over the world central governments do not maximize social welfare and operate like monopolists in order to increase their control over the economy’s resources (Crawford, 2008). Therefore, tax decentralization means fiscal empowerment of the local governments. More specifically, it means devolution of taxing and spending powers to lower levels of government. A key argument supporting fiscal decentralization reform is that it can improve the public sector services and help reducing poverty (Ahmed, 2013) Some authors like Crawford, 2008 and Ahmed, 2013 argued that the benefits of tax decentralization are not as obvious as proponents of decentralization suggest, and there could be serious shortcomings that policymakers should be aware of in designing decentralization policies. Local Government accountability and resource allocation efficiency may not be achieved with decentralization when the scarcity of public sector administrative, financial and managerial capacity is more problematic at the lower levels of government (Collier, 2008). Conflicts between central and local governments as to what should be done are inevitable even if government tries faithfully to serve the interests of its (different) constituents. A choice of perspective is thus essential in approaching issues of tax decentralization. In addition, decentralization may impose constraints to the implementation of national policies and the creation of coordination channels across regions. Therefore, from the above problem, the researcher analyzed the contribution of decentralized tax system and public expenditures.
Towards Financially Viable, Equitable and Accountable ULBs Ravikant Joshi
Urban local bodies need reforms to improve financial viability, equity, accountability, and transparency in order to achieve good governance, infrastructure development, and improved service delivery. Key reforms include improving property tax and user fee collection to increase financial viability, earmarking funds for basic services for the urban poor to improve equity, and implementing accounting, budgeting, auditing, and public disclosure reforms to improve accountability and transparency. However, the progress on implementing these important reforms across Indian cities and towns has generally been slow.
National urban policies aim to address challenges of urbanization at a national scale through coordinated efforts. A proposed universal framework recommends that by 2030, one-third of countries should have formulated, implemented, and evaluated national urban policies. Key elements of successful policies include empowering local governments, fostering multi-level cooperation, and improving investment and quality of life in cities. Open questions remain around comparing policies across different governance systems and monitoring progress while respecting local contexts.
Advanced EC seminar on decentralisation and local governance
European Commission EuropeAid
2-5 July 2012, Brussels
The seminar reviewed the country context and the evolving international development framework and considered how to manage the political dimensions of decentralisation. It also looked at using decentralisation as a trigger to foster better development outcomes and governance and what all this means for future EU engagement in decentralisation and local governance. Jean Bossuyt, ECDPM, was the lead facilitator of this meeting. Alisa Herrero, ECDPM, was also one of the experts facilitating this seminar.
Day2 kyoko comparative public policies in perspective (final for may 4) april...Hung Nguyen Quang
This document summarizes decentralization policies and experiences in East Asian countries. It discusses three main types of decentralization - administrative, political, and fiscal. While countries pursued common trends of decentralizing power, experiences differed based on levels of subnational government, policy orientation, access to finance, and capacity issues. The case of Japan's long-term decentralization involved initial deconcentration, postwar delegation for development, and recent reforms granting more autonomy to address diverse social needs.
This document summarizes Tulare County's five-year strategic local workforce investment plan. The plan describes the current integrated workforce system and goals to further develop the one-stop center system over five years to provide seamless access to employment services. It aims to establish policies to prioritize services for disadvantaged individuals and assess performance to ensure optimal outcomes. Public comment was solicited on the draft plan through newspaper announcements and online access.
Embedding Gender Budgeting - Tackmeon YI (Korea)OECD Governance
Presentation given at the OECD Gender Budgeting Experts Meeting, Vienna, Austria. 18-19 June 2018
For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting/gender-budgeting-experts-meeting-2018.htm
The document discusses the continuous reinvention of the machinery of government. It begins by defining the machinery of government as the structural arrangements that allow government to function at different levels. It notes that over time, through internal evaluation or external demands, organizations realize deficiencies exist and may undertake reorganization or reinvention. Government is constantly fine-tuning its machinery by implementing new public policies. The document then describes the different branches and levels of government in the United States and their roles. It discusses past movements to reinvent government to address issues like waste and diminishing public trust. In conclusion, it provides an exercise for students to debate the appropriate role of government in the 21st century.
"Public private partnerships between smallholders, ELCs and the RGC in Cambodia"ExternalEvents
1. The document discusses public private partnerships (3P) between smallholders, economic land concessions (ELCs), and the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC). It outlines the Council for Land Policy's mandate to draft a concept paper on 3P based on the existing policy framework.
2. The concept paper on 3P will propose several models for partnerships between ELCs and smallholders, such as having social land concessions adjacent to ELC sites. The Council for Land Policy will consult stakeholders and pilot potential 3P projects before implementing the concept paper.
3. Moving forward, the Council for Land Policy will visit ELC sites, research 3P practices in other countries, and develop a draft concept paper
The document provides an organizational assessment report of the Directory of Public Utility Services, Protection and Rescue (DPUSPR) of the Municipality of Pristina. The assessment utilized the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) methodology to evaluate the DPUSPR across 9 criteria related to enablers and results. Based on the assessment, the DPUSPR was found to have an approach that hardly involves planning, implementation, and review of actions. Additionally, while the DPUSPR measures some key results, the results show negative trends and do not achieve targets. The report provides 68 recommendations to improve the DPUSPR's performance and quality management.
Accountability in local government revenue managementAlexander Decker
This document discusses accountability in local government revenue management in Ghana. It focuses specifically on understanding the roles and responsibilities of different actors involved in the financial management process at the local level. The study found that core staff and assembly members at the Asante Akim South District Assembly had incomplete understanding of each other's financial roles and responsibilities. It concludes that improving understanding of financial responsibility charting among assembly members is important for transparency and accountability in local government financial administration.
Regulation touches almost every aspect of our lives and is vitally important in shaping the welfare of communities and the performance of the economy. The Productivity Commission presented the draft report, Towards Better Local Regulation, at the Rethinking Local Government Conference 2013 conference, Tauranga Chamber of Commerce, as part of the consultation process aimed to gather feedback and submissions on the report. The Commission also discussed data from the surveys of business and local government.
The document discusses public financial management (PFM) in Ghana and the roles of key stakeholders. It describes how the Canadian Parliamentary Centre has worked with Ghana's parliament since 1994 to strengthen PFM through various committees. Civil society organizations monitor government spending and corruption. The media landscape has expanded significantly and now scrutinizes financial issues. However, the private sector's involvement in PFM remains limited mostly to business policy discussions. Overall, strengthening Ghana's parliament and its ability to oversee the executive is important for democracy and accountability.
Independent oversight bodies lessons from fiscal productivity and regulatory ...OECDtax
This document summarizes an academic paper that discusses the rise of independent oversight bodies in fiscal policy, productivity, and regulation. It begins by noting the growing trend for governments to establish independent, non-partisan institutions to provide oversight and analysis to inform policymaking. However, some argue this replaces democracy with technocracy. The document then examines three types of independent bodies - independent fiscal institutions, independent productivity commissions, and regulatory oversight bodies. It provides examples from different countries and discusses key features like independence. In conclusion, it considers lessons learned and debates around technocratic approaches.
This paper proposes an updated formula for resource distribution between provinces -- horizontal
distribution -- under the upcoming National Finance Commission (NFC) Award. We maintain that the formula offered in the 7
th NFC Award was predominantly needs-based and whatsoever equity indicators it has, by its very structure, fall short of capturing the full essence of equity. Further, we
argue that existing indicators of efficiency – that is the size of provincial tax revenue, is not adjusted for the size of the provincial economy and, thus, fails to capture the efficiency part of tax collection -- that is, the effort made in this regard.
Public Private Partnership Brochure May2012Ezzedin Tago
The Integrated Transport System (ITS) Project will establish three mass intermodal terminals at the outskirts of Metro Manila - one in the north (of EDSA), serving passengers to and from northern Luzon; and two in the south, serving passengers to and from Laguna/Batangas side. The project aims to create an integrated public transportation system in Metro Manila and its surrounding provinces through the development of intermodal terminals that will connect various modes of transportation such as rail, bus, jeepney.
Decentralized tax system and public expenditures in rwandaTheogene Habimana
Fiscal and tax decentralization is a mechanism for constraining the expansionary tendencies of governments. Under this approach, all-over the world central governments do not maximize social welfare and operate like monopolists in order to increase their control over the economy’s resources (Crawford, 2008). Therefore, tax decentralization means fiscal empowerment of the local governments. More specifically, it means devolution of taxing and spending powers to lower levels of government. A key argument supporting fiscal decentralization reform is that it can improve the public sector services and help reducing poverty (Ahmed, 2013) Some authors like Crawford, 2008 and Ahmed, 2013 argued that the benefits of tax decentralization are not as obvious as proponents of decentralization suggest, and there could be serious shortcomings that policymakers should be aware of in designing decentralization policies. Local Government accountability and resource allocation efficiency may not be achieved with decentralization when the scarcity of public sector administrative, financial and managerial capacity is more problematic at the lower levels of government (Collier, 2008). Conflicts between central and local governments as to what should be done are inevitable even if government tries faithfully to serve the interests of its (different) constituents. A choice of perspective is thus essential in approaching issues of tax decentralization. In addition, decentralization may impose constraints to the implementation of national policies and the creation of coordination channels across regions. Therefore, from the above problem, the researcher analyzed the contribution of decentralized tax system and public expenditures.
Towards Financially Viable, Equitable and Accountable ULBs Ravikant Joshi
Urban local bodies need reforms to improve financial viability, equity, accountability, and transparency in order to achieve good governance, infrastructure development, and improved service delivery. Key reforms include improving property tax and user fee collection to increase financial viability, earmarking funds for basic services for the urban poor to improve equity, and implementing accounting, budgeting, auditing, and public disclosure reforms to improve accountability and transparency. However, the progress on implementing these important reforms across Indian cities and towns has generally been slow.
National urban policies aim to address challenges of urbanization at a national scale through coordinated efforts. A proposed universal framework recommends that by 2030, one-third of countries should have formulated, implemented, and evaluated national urban policies. Key elements of successful policies include empowering local governments, fostering multi-level cooperation, and improving investment and quality of life in cities. Open questions remain around comparing policies across different governance systems and monitoring progress while respecting local contexts.
Advanced EC seminar on decentralisation and local governance
European Commission EuropeAid
2-5 July 2012, Brussels
The seminar reviewed the country context and the evolving international development framework and considered how to manage the political dimensions of decentralisation. It also looked at using decentralisation as a trigger to foster better development outcomes and governance and what all this means for future EU engagement in decentralisation and local governance. Jean Bossuyt, ECDPM, was the lead facilitator of this meeting. Alisa Herrero, ECDPM, was also one of the experts facilitating this seminar.
Day2 kyoko comparative public policies in perspective (final for may 4) april...Hung Nguyen Quang
This document summarizes decentralization policies and experiences in East Asian countries. It discusses three main types of decentralization - administrative, political, and fiscal. While countries pursued common trends of decentralizing power, experiences differed based on levels of subnational government, policy orientation, access to finance, and capacity issues. The case of Japan's long-term decentralization involved initial deconcentration, postwar delegation for development, and recent reforms granting more autonomy to address diverse social needs.
This document summarizes Tulare County's five-year strategic local workforce investment plan. The plan describes the current integrated workforce system and goals to further develop the one-stop center system over five years to provide seamless access to employment services. It aims to establish policies to prioritize services for disadvantaged individuals and assess performance to ensure optimal outcomes. Public comment was solicited on the draft plan through newspaper announcements and online access.
Embedding Gender Budgeting - Tackmeon YI (Korea)OECD Governance
Presentation given at the OECD Gender Budgeting Experts Meeting, Vienna, Austria. 18-19 June 2018
For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting/gender-budgeting-experts-meeting-2018.htm
The document discusses the continuous reinvention of the machinery of government. It begins by defining the machinery of government as the structural arrangements that allow government to function at different levels. It notes that over time, through internal evaluation or external demands, organizations realize deficiencies exist and may undertake reorganization or reinvention. Government is constantly fine-tuning its machinery by implementing new public policies. The document then describes the different branches and levels of government in the United States and their roles. It discusses past movements to reinvent government to address issues like waste and diminishing public trust. In conclusion, it provides an exercise for students to debate the appropriate role of government in the 21st century.
"Public private partnerships between smallholders, ELCs and the RGC in Cambodia"ExternalEvents
1. The document discusses public private partnerships (3P) between smallholders, economic land concessions (ELCs), and the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC). It outlines the Council for Land Policy's mandate to draft a concept paper on 3P based on the existing policy framework.
2. The concept paper on 3P will propose several models for partnerships between ELCs and smallholders, such as having social land concessions adjacent to ELC sites. The Council for Land Policy will consult stakeholders and pilot potential 3P projects before implementing the concept paper.
3. Moving forward, the Council for Land Policy will visit ELC sites, research 3P practices in other countries, and develop a draft concept paper
The document provides an organizational assessment report of the Directory of Public Utility Services, Protection and Rescue (DPUSPR) of the Municipality of Pristina. The assessment utilized the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) methodology to evaluate the DPUSPR across 9 criteria related to enablers and results. Based on the assessment, the DPUSPR was found to have an approach that hardly involves planning, implementation, and review of actions. Additionally, while the DPUSPR measures some key results, the results show negative trends and do not achieve targets. The report provides 68 recommendations to improve the DPUSPR's performance and quality management.
Accountability in local government revenue managementAlexander Decker
This document discusses accountability in local government revenue management in Ghana. It focuses specifically on understanding the roles and responsibilities of different actors involved in the financial management process at the local level. The study found that core staff and assembly members at the Asante Akim South District Assembly had incomplete understanding of each other's financial roles and responsibilities. It concludes that improving understanding of financial responsibility charting among assembly members is important for transparency and accountability in local government financial administration.
Regulation touches almost every aspect of our lives and is vitally important in shaping the welfare of communities and the performance of the economy. The Productivity Commission presented the draft report, Towards Better Local Regulation, at the Rethinking Local Government Conference 2013 conference, Tauranga Chamber of Commerce, as part of the consultation process aimed to gather feedback and submissions on the report. The Commission also discussed data from the surveys of business and local government.
The document discusses public financial management (PFM) in Ghana and the roles of key stakeholders. It describes how the Canadian Parliamentary Centre has worked with Ghana's parliament since 1994 to strengthen PFM through various committees. Civil society organizations monitor government spending and corruption. The media landscape has expanded significantly and now scrutinizes financial issues. However, the private sector's involvement in PFM remains limited mostly to business policy discussions. Overall, strengthening Ghana's parliament and its ability to oversee the executive is important for democracy and accountability.
Independent oversight bodies lessons from fiscal productivity and regulatory ...OECDtax
This document summarizes an academic paper that discusses the rise of independent oversight bodies in fiscal policy, productivity, and regulation. It begins by noting the growing trend for governments to establish independent, non-partisan institutions to provide oversight and analysis to inform policymaking. However, some argue this replaces democracy with technocracy. The document then examines three types of independent bodies - independent fiscal institutions, independent productivity commissions, and regulatory oversight bodies. It provides examples from different countries and discusses key features like independence. In conclusion, it considers lessons learned and debates around technocratic approaches.
This paper proposes an updated formula for resource distribution between provinces -- horizontal
distribution -- under the upcoming National Finance Commission (NFC) Award. We maintain that the formula offered in the 7
th NFC Award was predominantly needs-based and whatsoever equity indicators it has, by its very structure, fall short of capturing the full essence of equity. Further, we
argue that existing indicators of efficiency – that is the size of provincial tax revenue, is not adjusted for the size of the provincial economy and, thus, fails to capture the efficiency part of tax collection -- that is, the effort made in this regard.
Public Private Partnership Brochure May2012Ezzedin Tago
The Integrated Transport System (ITS) Project will establish three mass intermodal terminals at the outskirts of Metro Manila - one in the north (of EDSA), serving passengers to and from northern Luzon; and two in the south, serving passengers to and from Laguna/Batangas side. The project aims to create an integrated public transportation system in Metro Manila and its surrounding provinces through the development of intermodal terminals that will connect various modes of transportation such as rail, bus, jeepney.
Presentazione delle 25 startup selezionate per partecipare a Start2Business, l'iniziativa che promuove lo sviluppo di relazioni di business tra startup e progetti d'impresa innovativi da una parte e imprese consolidate dall'altra, organizzata nell'ambito della manifestazione Research2Business ( 6-7 giugno p.v., presso Bologna Fiere, Pad. 33-34).
Wessex Shopfitters Ltd. offers liquid roof coatings that can protect against leaks for up to 25 years when installed. They provide roof coating installation and have experience coating roofs for various stores. Their services include an inspection of the roof, surface preparation, application of the coating, and a guarantee backed by insurance.
Today’s highly competitive and customer-centric market conditions have pushed software and
solution delivery organizations beyond the traditionally accepted limits of software
development and delivery capabilities. Lean methodologies such as Lean Six Sigma and DevOps
can help improve operational solution delivery capacities through
Streamlining of solution delivery process
Improved software quality
Automation of system operations
Self-administration of system operations by development teams
Agile methodologies augment such operational improvements with their own enablement of
faster time to market (TTM) by transforming the Lean concept of value-added activities into
value-added product features. Agile software architecture augments solution delivery
organizations’ Agile software development life cycle (SDLC) capabilities with flexible
architectures that facilitate future product development.
Este documento presenta una introducción al concepto de hecho punible y su clasificación según las visiones bipartita y tripartita. También resume las teorías causalista y finalista del delito, y explica los elementos constitutivos de un delito según la teoría del delito. Por último, distingue las diferentes escuelas de pensamiento penal clásico y positivo en función de su enfoque sobre la pena, el método y la naturaleza del delito.
This document provides a summary of 5 concepts from social psychology that are incorporated into the plot of a comic about a man struggling after bankruptcy. It describes how the man struggles with negativity bias after his failure, leading him to wallow in depression rather than improve. It also outlines how his coworkers began to distance themselves from him due to his failure, and how a friend attributes his depression to external circumstances beyond his control. The comic also depicts the man avoiding interaction and consolation from others by using a stonewalling conflict style. Finally, it references how responsibility is hindered in large groups, relating to the bystander effect.
The document discusses how to properly receive rebukes from others. It notes that no one is perfect, including biblical figures like Paul and Peter. When rebuked respectfully and in the fear of God, it can lead to repentance, salvation, and self-improvement. In contrast, worldly sorrow from rebukes that are unfair, involve gossip, or lack love only distract from issues and harm the recipient. The document cautions against reacting to rebukes with unfair judgments or accusations like "red herrings" or "red scares" that mislead from important topics.
This document summarizes the low impact development design approach used for improvements at Siesta Beach Park in Sarasota, Florida. The goals were to improve aesthetics, environmental quality, and stormwater management. Features included new restrooms, landscaping, permeable parking areas with underground storage and infiltration, bioswales, and water quality treatment with an ultraviolet disinfection system. The $21.5 million project met its goals of enhancing the park while protecting water quality with sustainable stormwater infrastructure.
Media entrepreneurship: the value of SNS for alternative media producersJanet Fulton
“… [the blog] doesn’t work in isolation, you’ve got your social media networks around it and the idea is that’s how you bring your readers into the blog … this is the key when you’re trying to work out what social media to be on; you need to know where your readers potentially are hanging out” (Nikki Parkinson, Styling You, i/v 11.5.14).
Nikki Parkinson from lifestyle blog Styling You has neatly described how important an audience is to alternative media producers and the value of social network sites (SNS) in engaging and interacting with that audience. This presentation will report on one part of an ongoing ethnographic study that is investigating how media producers in the digital space are employing different ways to disseminate information. Different opportunities have opened up for media producers because of new technologies and the study is examining how these producers work in the digital space.
Media producers in this space, including bloggers, online magazine producers and web publishers, have been interviewed and asked what platforms they use, how they monetise their work, and how they have adapted their skills to work in the online environment. While there have been a broad range of responses to the questions, particularly how they monetise their work, one consistent theme is how active these respondents are on SNS and how critical these sites are in their success. While respondents noted using SNS, including Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and Pinterest, is important in how they connect with an audience, it was clear from the responses that these producers would not be successful without this interaction on SNS with their audience.
This presentation will discuss the respondents’ social media use and its value including a discussion on how the use is crucial in building and maintaining an audience.
Our media product uses and develops conventions of real documentaries. We researched common documentary conventions like vox pops, interviews with experts, voiceovers, and background footage to decide what to include. Our 5-minute documentary explores how social media affects mental health with images, facts, and explanatory voiceovers. It features vox pops and expert interviews, filmed in a fly-on-the-wall style to represent different perspectives. Our documentary follows conventions we learned from watching other documentaries.
El documento describe un vestido reversible cómodo y estampado diseñado por Ebeliz Rodríguez para su proyecto de licenciatura. El vestido tendrá diferentes aspectos de producción como línea, marca, modelo, empaque, etiqueta, elementos de producción, diseño, talla, estilo, colores y precio. Ebeliz también explica cómo surgió la idea para crear este producto reversible.
This document discusses a personal story of thriving and provides a website and disclaimer for more information. It also lists trademarks and a date but does not provide substantial details about the content of the story. The disclaimer notes that results may vary and there are no guarantees of specific outcomes.
This document provides a concept design for upgrading the ambience and customer experience in the Galleria Atrium retail space. The objectives are to define zones, introduce various seating options, increase seating capacity, and create a more welcoming environment. The design proposes using architectural elements, lighting, plantings, and material selections to divide the large open space into intimate areas, add visual interest, and bring warmth. Zones would be created throughout levels one and ground floor to optimize seating and cater to different customer needs. Renderings and plans depict the proposed changes.
This document outlines the topics that will be covered in a history course. It introduces the syllabus and how students should approach reading the textbook. It then discusses the concepts of collective memory, how it differs from individual and academic history, and how collective memories are disseminated through schools and films. Collective memories are expressed as timeless but actually have histories of their own.
This document discusses governance and policy issues related to managing the complex urban region of Greater Manchester during an economic recession. It covers several policy strands around regeneration, local government modernization, and performance management that have impacted local areas. Greater Manchester's Local Area Agreement is examined as a key partnership mechanism. The role of localities during a recession is debated, with suggestions that cities can provide leadership, sustain public investment, align with long-term economic strategies, and attract investment. Local government organizations argue for continued devolution of economic powers to sub-regions and local authorities to most effectively target recession responses. The challenges of coordinating policies and partners across different levels of government are also addressed.
- Public sector procurement is changing significantly due to austerity measures and budget cuts across the UK public sector.
- Spending cuts of 11% are the deepest sustained cuts since the 1970s and will require new procurement strategies, more outsourcing, and greater private sector involvement in public services.
- Local governments face the toughest challenges with council tax freezes and below inflation increases, coupled with pay freezes potentially spreading to local government workers as well. New procurement models will need to focus on people, facilities, and contracts.
Total Place sets a new direction for local public services based on work by central government, local authorities, and partners. The report outlines commitments to give greater freedom and flexibility to local areas led by local authorities. This includes freedoms from central controls, for local collaboration, to invest in prevention, and to drive growth. The 13 pilot areas served over 11 million people and demonstrated real savings and service improvements from a whole area approach. For example, 2% savings in locally controlled spending in 2013-14 could release over £1.2 billion for reinvestment.
Transition Network Conference 2012 - Locality No Nonsense Guide to Localism -...Transition Network
Locality is a network of community organizations in the UK that work to empower local communities. It was formed through the merger of two leading community networks. Localism and other policy changes in the UK are shifting power away from central government towards local people and communities. Key measures include new rights for communities over local services, assets, and development plans as well as reforms to sectors like housing, education, health, and planning.
- The document provides an update on the UK government's "Big Society" initiative to disperse power more widely and empower communities.
- Key aspects of Big Society include decentralization, community empowerment, and philanthropic action. Legislation is underway to enable these aspects.
- Progress includes laws being passed to give local authorities more powers, as well as reforms to public services. However, some initiatives have faced opposition and inconsistencies remain in the government's approach.
The document summarizes a survey conducted by Localis, an independent think tank focused on local government issues in the UK. The survey asked finance directors of local authorities in England about the impact of the recent Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) budget cuts. Key findings included: 1) Finance directors were surprised by the front-loading of cuts in the first year. 2) Authorities will have to pursue options like outsourcing, merging services, and staff cuts to achieve the required savings. 3) Adult social care is seen as the most at-risk service despite extra funding.
Abstract
State-led restructuring of sub-national economic governance and regeneration has been rapidly evolving over the past year or so across England. With several waves of cross-boundary Local Enterprise Partnerships approved by the UK Government, it is opportune to take stock of some of the more notable shifts. Building on a preliminary analytical mapping of the rocky road from regionalism to sub-regional localism, the paper pays particular attention to the politicised process underpinning the alliances, and crafting, development and subsequent submission of LEP proposals, as well as the eventual assessment and state sanctioning of LEP bids. Examining the process from a variety of perspectives, the paper highlights unequal power relations and extracts a number of powerful policy considerations. The paper propounds the argument that the rhetoric of permissive policy masks centralist controlling tendencies and unwritten rules.
Pugalis, L. (2011) 'Look before you LEP', Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, 5 (1), 7-22.
The document discusses the path to greater regional devolution in the UK. It summarizes the key discussions from a roundtable on devolving powers from central government to local authorities. Some of the main points discussed include:
- Local authorities are facing significant budget cuts but are being asked to provide more services. They need greater powers to both spend funds freely and raise their own revenue to sustain services.
- While some spending powers have been decentralized, true fiscal devolution that involves transferring tax raising abilities has not occurred and is still unpopular. Additional revenue raising abilities are needed for local authorities to meet challenges.
- Local authorities already have some limited powers to borrow, charge for services, and raise taxes like council tax but
Rob Whiteman, LG Group - challenges under the coalition governmentSocitm
Presentation on challenges facing local authorities under the Coalition Government presented to annual conference of public sector IT management organisation, Socitm, on 11 October 2010
This document discusses how national governments can help overcome barriers to climate mitigation actions by non-Party stakeholders. It notes that while local governments have some direct influence over emissions, multilevel climate action is needed. National governments can establish enabling legislation and regulations to incentivize mitigation activities. They can also help with financing by providing incentives, disincentives, and facilitating access to international funds. The role of national governments is key to encouraging increased climate action by non-Party stakeholders.
This document summarizes a recent court case, CIP Properties (AIPT) Ltd v Galliford Try Infrastructure Ltd & Ors, regarding cost budgeting in litigation. The key points are:
- The claimant's solicitors, Squire Patton Boggs, submitted a cost budget of over £9 million which the judge found to be disproportionate and unreasonable for a case valued at £18 million at most.
- The judge reduced the claimant's cost budget by over half to £4.28 million after analyzing and reducing the estimated costs at each phase of litigation.
- The judge criticized the claimant's solicitors for charging higher than guideline hourly rates and for using more senior lawyers for work that
This document summarizes the findings of a survey on shared services conducted with 150 senior local authority managers in England. Some key findings include:
- 89% of local authorities currently share back office functions, frontline services, or both with other public bodies.
- 65% plan to increase sharing of back office functions in the next year and 89% in the next two years. 68% plan increased frontline sharing in the next year and 91% in the next two years.
- Environmental services and social care were most commonly identified as frontline areas for future sharing.
The survey found growing willingness among local authorities to explore new partnerships and delivery models for services, including increased openness to working with the private sector.
This document outlines a framework called "Total Neighbourhood" that aims to devolve power over public services to local communities. It argues that community groups in Birmingham have achieved better outcomes at lower costs than the public sector through place-based budgeting and early intervention programs. The report recommends simplifying funding streams, increasing support for community-led initiatives through tools like Local Outcome Bonds, and developing "Total Neighbourhood" budgets that give communities control over local spending. The goal is to replicate Birmingham's successes nationwide by empowering communities and taking a long-term, preventative approach to public services.
Presentation of Alex Matheson, International consultor an Associate of the Economics and Strategy Group (ESG), in the "I International Seminar on Strategic Management in the Public Sector" in Ceplan, Perú
Chaired by Sir Paul Jenkins, the former Treasury Solicitor, our third View from the Top public sector roundtable meeting brought together a diverse and knowledgeable group of stakeholders, to identify the realities of merging or demerging public bodies and to look at practical ways in which the potential challenges can be overcome, including:
• the mechanisms and best practice in such structural reforms
• improving the accountability, transparency and independence of the remaining NDPBs
• the future and Brexit.
This paper addresses these questions and themes in more detail and makes recommendations for decision makers who are involved at various stages of the Public Bodies Reform Programme.
We caught up with public sector experts following the roundtable meeting - watch the highlights video here: https://youtu.be/PHBIU0hqY-M
This document summarizes the current state of local governance and urban regeneration policy in the UK. It explains that the government has attempted to combine long-term strategic planning through Sustainable Community Strategies with short-term performance targets in Local Area Agreements. However, the resulting system is seen as overly bureaucratic and top-down. While the intentions are to improve outcomes for poor communities, on the ground little has changed and communities feel disempowered by the many initiatives, regulations and targets set at the national level. The success of regeneration now depends on navigating this complex framework at the local level.
This document discusses local tax reform in Scotland. It provides context around long-running debates on local government finance and the relationship between local and national governments. The council tax, introduced in 1991, is criticized for not being revalued since 1991 prices and for having tax bills that are compressed relative to property values. The Commission on Local Tax Reform aims to provide reform options, including potentially ending the council tax freeze, but its scope is limited and does not address the broader balance of funding issues.
This document outlines a turnaround strategy for local government in South Africa. It begins by explaining the importance of local government in realizing the country's goals of democracy, development, and an inclusive economy. It then describes an ideal municipality, outlining objectives like service delivery, social and economic development, and community involvement. The document presents findings from assessments of municipalities, identifying problems like poor performance, capacity issues, and weak oversight. It proposes a coordinated effort across government and society to address the challenges facing local government and restore confidence through improved municipal management and service delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
2. Structure Part One : Contexts (me + questions) 1 (New) Labour’s urban policy laboratory. 2Localities in the recession. 3 Control Shift ; Localism, Big Society and the Coalition break Part Two: Policy Development and Process (intro + group exercise) 4 Parliamentary Committees 5 Regeneration to enable growth select committee inquiry response 6 Feedback break Part Three: Closer to home (me + questions) 7 MCR mechanisms for ED/R 8 Summary
3. Handouts Group Work Regeneration to enable growth : CLG Delivery Community Regeneration in Hard Times: SURF Scotland (to compare!)
11. What is regeneration? “’Regeneration seems to offer an almost infinitely inclusive canopy under which all may be persuaded to shelter and find agreement, yet vital issues remain beyond the pale” (Furbey 1999) pg 440 “…so urban regeneration is in principle a floating signifier but in practice it does not float very far. It is ubiquitously used to a fairly standard set of policy goals and outcomes ”(Lovering 2007) pg 344
19. drivers and levers : theory of change Selection of policy drivers and levers is informed by the interaction of actors exercising political judgement about priorities. As governance systems rely on human interactions attempts at steering are likely to be met with unexpected and unintended though not necessarily unwelcome reactions and outcomes. (CLG, Sullivan 2008)
27. PSA Connecting manifesto to delivery mechanisms of Whitehall Connecting to “floor targets” In some ways odd to have to invent this… The “machinery of government” is quite tricky…
28. PSA match to ministers (2007)Power within the Core Executive I Figure 3 Number of PSAs for which each Cabinet Minister is operationally responsible. Minister Department Number of PSAs Ed Balls DCFS 5 Jacqui Smith Home Office 4 John Hutton DBERR 3 Hazel Blears DCLG 2 Peter Hain DWP 2 Alan Johnson DH 2 John Denham DIUS 2 Hilary Benn DEFRA 2 Alistair Darling HMT 1 Jack Straw MoJ 1 Ruth Kelly DfT 1 James Purnell DCMS 1 Ed Miliband Cabinet Office 1 Douglas Alexander DFID 1 David Miliband FCO 1 Harriet Harman Government Equalities Office 1
29.
30. Local Area Agreements Partnership governance mechanism “bastard child” of LPSA and LSP Contains many stages of development.
33. Communities in Control Hazel Blears : personal mission Participatory budgeting etc. Widely dismissed as gimmicky Short tenure as Secretary of State
39. Localism The Government will continue to help rebalance growth across the country, but regeneration activity should be led by local communities, not by Whitehall. That's why Ministers are devolving power from Whitehall to the Town Hall, putting residents, and civic and business leaders, in the driving seat - which is when regeneration is at its most powerful and effective.
40. Localism bill key provisions : LG giving councils a general power of competence allowing councils to choose to return to the committee system of governance and allowing for referendums for elected mayors in certain authorities abolishing the Standards Board regime and the model code of conduct, and introducing local accountability and a criminal offence of deliberate failure to declare a personal interest in a matter giving residents the power to instigate local referendums on any local issue and the power to veto excessive council tax increases allowing councils more discretion over business rate relief providing new powers to help save local facilities and services threatened with closure, and giving voluntary and community groups the right to challenge local authorities over their services.
41. Localism Bill : Planning and Regen abolish Regional Spatial Strategies abolish the Infrastructure Planning Commission and return to a position where the Secretary of State takes the final decision on major infrastructure proposals of national importance amend the Community Infrastructure Levy, which allows councils to charge developers to pay for infrastructure. Some of the revenue will be available for the local community provide for neighbourhood plans, which would be approved if they received 50% of the votes cast in a referendum provide for neighbourhood development orders to allow communities to approve development without requiring normal planning consent give new housing and regeneration powers to the Greater London Authority, while abolishing the London Development Agency.
42. Current policy developments LEPS - Letter on Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) CSR - Comprehensive Spending Review – setting out the main changes in local government spending White Paper – “Local Growth, realising everyone’s potential” with detail on RDF and LEPs National Infrastructure Plan White Paper – “Decentralisation and Localism Bill”
43. Comprehensive Spending Review Growth, reform and fairness - 3 overriding principles which underpin the CSR Reduction in funding for Local authorities of around £7bn represents a cut of around 28% but an end to ring fencing from 2011/12 Reduction in CLG’s overall budget by 33% by 2014 Community budgets (sequel to total place) Reform of planning system including “new homes bonus” Delivery of 150,000 new affordable homes Contribution from CLG to RGF of £890million
44. Local Enterprise Partnerships Transition from RDAs – LEPs Strategic leadership, setting out an area’s economic priorities Rebalancing economy towards private sector Private sector’s role in Governance – must include upper tier authority and must be chaired by private sector Bidding process - 56 bids for LEPs submitted with 24 approvals Strong link with RGF (although no automatic advantage) Localism - its up to localities to come up with proposals – “localities should lead their own development” Greater Manchester LEP – reflecting existing AGMA arrangements National Summit in the Spring – revealing details of capacity fund
45. White paper “Local Growth, realizing everyone’s potential” Tackle barriers and bottlenecks (including planning reform) and invest where “it make senses to do so” Power- shift – supporting localism through local enterprise partnerships and their potential roles and transition from RDAs Reform of the planning system “national assumption on in favour of sustainable development” Right to build powers and new statutory duty to co-operate New incentives – e.g. changing the structure of business rates (options for retention of business rates and possible discounts on rates), a new homes bonus and tax increment financing Changes to business support - Businesslink replaced by national call centre and website – more emphasis on LEPs
46. Regional Growth Fund Regional Growth Fund (RGF)- £1.4billion - “focused investment” to help government address market failure Objectives of RGF – stimulate enterprise Support those areas currently dependent on public sector economies. Bidding process - applications from private-public, private or social enterprise. 3 main bid forms – Projects, project packages or programmes
47. National Infrastructure Plan Sets out the government’s vision for infrastructure which will unlock private sector investment and economic growth: Challenges for infrastructure Obsolescence Globalisation Growing demand Climate change Interdependence Links directly with Local Growth White paper, RGF and Localism White paper
48. Localism Bill New policy approach of re-localising running of services as fundamental shift to decentralisation – in effect creating the ‘Big Society’ Six core themes of the localism bill: Reduce bureaucracy Enable communities and local government to take action Increase local control of public finances Open up public services to a broader range of suppliers Open up government finances to public scrutiny Strengthen accountability to local people
49. Welfare Reform: what previous government policy said about the labour market The core messages Full employment of 80% “in our generation” People as participants within welfare system rather than passive recipients of benefits “Tackling poverty through full employment” Joint approach bringing together welfare benefits and employment policy and integration of skills priorities “A workforce which is one unrivalled in its skills, dynamism, equity and its inclusiveness” to compete in a global economy Strong focus on delivering skills agenda (Eg train to gain, skills pledge, Local Employment Partnerships) Taking personal responsibility – “rights and responsibilities” Personalised, individualised support….
50. Welfare reform: new government policy direction Recognition of the need for whole scale reform of the welfare benefits system – informed by work of CSJ – “universal credit” Make work pay – principle at the heart of the reform More use of private sector in delivery/provision Conditionality Claimant commitment established Four broad conditionality groups Tougher sanctions Including failure to prepare for work/seek employment Mandatory work programme
51. What does this all mean for economic development? Less resource for delivery and to support – both in terms of money and organisations Greater prioritisation of scarce resources and difficult decisions about what to support? More creativeness and new ways of working, eg new investment vehicles including tifs, co-operative models and mutuals More assertiveness/leadership required from localities as to the future economic role of their area
52. What does this all mean for economic development? Less guidance/steerage/direction from central government, we’ll need to come up with the answers to the questions Changing role for local government and partners, engagement with private/social sectors
53. Doing things differently: policy tools Procurement: progressive and sustainable practice can offset some of the challenges of public expenditure cuts and enable local economic benefit Using a local supplier can lead to employment opportunities and job creation, and sustain existing jobs Unemployment, worklessness and deprivation inextricably linked – procurement as a tool to tackle cycle of deprivation Using local suppliers can have benefits for the wider supply chain Employees and suppliers of organisations delivering services and goods will spend money locally Enables practitioners to support development of local labour through skills and apprenticeships (e.g. construction – GM Procure)
54. Case Study: Manchester City Council £900m expenditure on procuring goods and services Progressive procurement policy aimed at benefiting the city’s businesses and residents: - Balanced consideration of social, environmental and economic impacts - MCC employees, contractors and suppliers are aware of long term commitment to social, environmental and economic sustainability Long term vision in place Recognition of need to understand the supply chain Procurement is not overly bureaucratic – becoming cross departmental Suppliers buy-in crucial to achieving impact – promoting council’s values Procurement as a tackler of ‘wicked’ issues – supporting local labour market Now have in place a burgeoning cross departmental working group
55. Doing things differently: policy tools LEPs: the new way of supporting businesses across Greater Manchester and other places Question is to what extent will this policy tool provide additionality LEPs do have the potential to be an overarching body for joined up working Overseeing planning, housing and transport, as well as employment, skills and enterprise support Such a body could ensure increased value for money and cost effectiveness Greater Manchester already has strong partnership infrastructure in place…. ….But are there gaps whereby only certain players have influencing and enabling roles? LEPs could help close such gaps and ensure that issues facing businesses and individuals across whole are addressed Has to be clarity about their blue-print or businesses won’t engage
56. Doing things differently: policy tools Regional Growth Fund: to stimulate economic growth in places with weak private sectors Future funding to be more structured, being focused where we can make a difference Like’s of LEPs to be heavily involved in bidding process – private sector expertise behind the bids Programmes and projects may be more robust with greater chance of positive outcomes and less wasted resource Allows many stakeholders to have a role in shaping the economic future of places – not just reserve of the public sector Helping places become more innovative in their approaches to tackling structural problems But what will the effect of the competitive bidding process be?
57. Case Study: Birmingham’s RGF Bid Five schemes to seek £39.5m Finance Birmingham project (£20m match funded) to provide small business loans for start ups Aston Reinvestment Fund – community development finance loans to small businesses Birmingham Young People’s Enterprise project – pre and post start up advice for young people Road infrastructure project (city council and a local developer) Regeneration scheme in the Perry Common Estate
58. Doing things differently: new models of governance Directly elected mayors Conservative Party has been championing this for some time Unsurprising that Localism Bill includes a right for all areas to elect a mayor 12 designated cities to hold mayoral referendums in May 2011 Positives and negatives of the mayoral model long debated But elected mayor cannot just be a personality – it’s about the representation of a place They must have significant powers over economic development, transport, inward investment, skills and business support If not then they threaten narrowing of democracy What would a mayor of Greater Manchester mean for us?
59. Doing things differently: new funding mechanisms Tax increment financing: originated from US but now a key element of UK policy after being unveiled by Nick Clegg Using anticipated increases in tax revenues to finance current improvements (e.g. improved infrastructure) that are expected to generate those revenues Supplying new infrastructure or improving what exists encourages development and increases value of surrounding property This, in turn, increases property taxation in an area to fund infrastructure. In the US, TIF used to fund: Urban renewal Affordable housing Cleaning up pollution Public infrastructure (e.g. roads, pavements etc)
60. Case Study: Portland, Vancouver TIF: Pearl District, Portland, USA Regeneration converting warehouses into loft apartments, residential blocks developed of previously vacant land Increase in population attracted mix of restaurants, bars, retail outlets and galleries (also efforts to retain original character) TIF a very powerful tool in Portland for increasing investment and building commercial success. Target beneficiaries:New residents providing affordable residential property; businesses to invest in a ‘reborn’ area with a growing population
61. Doing things differently: new funding mechanisms Big Society Bank: a crucial element of the Big Society programme Attracting funding through private sector investment Also ensuring money from dormant bank accounts can be made available as funding for social reinvestment Bank will invest in intermediaries (e.g. community lenders) who then provide funding to VCS organisations Amount of money uncertain: £600m in dormant accounts – but only £60m immediately accessible Intention to launch the Bank by April – much uncertainty though Big questions still remain over how it will work though (structure, ownership of funds etc)
62. New models for service delivery Public and social sector innovation Increasingly important in new era of austerity – budget cuts means practitioners doing more with less Requires new ways of thinking, especially in delivery of public services Hence Francis Maude’s talk of increasing the use of co-ops in service delivery and links to social innovation Example of co-production: equal partnerships between professionals and the public sector to add value to services Responsive to community needs to make them more efficient, sustainable and effective Not to be confused however with ‘shifting’ responsibility to communities A middle ground for user and professional knowledge to come together More information on NESTA’s Public Services Lab: http://www.nesta.org.uk/areas_of_work/public_services_lab
64. Part Two: Policy Development and Process (intro + group exercise) 4 Parliamentary Committees 5 Regeneration to enable growth select committee inquiry response 6 Feedback
67. Think tanks re: recession LGA from recession to recovery: the local dimension CLES toward a new wave of local economic activism Work Foundation: Recession and Recovery: How UK cities can respond and drive the recovery
68. Role of cities in a recession Discuss in pairs/threes What is the role of a city/locality in the recession? None? – let the market do it’s thing? Welfare? role of partners eg. jc+ Leadership? Others – want 8 please
70. Barcelona Principles – The Work Foundation i. Don’t waste the crisis, but respond with leadership and purpose. ii. Make the case for continued public investment and public services and the taxes and other sources of investment required. iii. In the long-term: build local economic strategies which align with long-term drivers and identify future sources of jobs, enterprise, and innovation. iv. In the short-term: focus on retaining productive people, business, incomes, jobs, and investment projects. v. Build the tools and approaches to attract and retain external investment over the long-term. vi. Build genuine long-term relationships with the private sector, trade unions, and other key partners. vii. Take steps to ensure the sustainability and productivity of public works, infrastructure, and major developments/events. viii Local leaders should act purposefully to support their citizens in the face of increased hardship. ix. Local economies have benefitted and should continue to benefit from being open and attractive to international populations and capital. x. Communicate and align with national and other higher tier governments.
75. Main types... Select eg CLG Selcom, PASC, Modernisation Liaison Committee Grand eg Countries of UK Standing (less important) Public Bill (eg Localism Bill) Regional (short-lived) Committee of Whole House Lords Committees eg Constitution NOT a committee = ‘Usual Channels’ (Business Committee)
80. Select Committee Activity Core duty of backbench MPs Right to call minster and anyone else Independent Inquiries (avg. 4/year) Clerks are employees of Parliament (not Civil Servants) Call for Evidence Hearings Reporting
81. Using an Inquiry Submission If the inquiry is an open one it can be an opportunity to Develop positioning/messaging re: issue As the basis for a call to appear Enhance credibility Part of our wider influencing strategy Parliament TV Hansard HoC Library Civil Servants Journalists
82. CLG Selcom Clive Betts (Lab Chair) beat Nick Raynsford Was Phyllis Starkey New members with LG experience Heidi Alexander James Morris
83. Regeneration Inquiry 2011 Genuine Opportunity for CLES Wide, broad open Developing strong ‘manifesto’ ‘line’ ‘messaging’ which we use for other things too 4,000 word submission (referencing our other work website etc.) Exec Summary 1 pager
84. Need to show that... We understand the new approach We have some suggestions re: effectiveness rooted in evaluation/experience We have ideas re: a regeneration narrative rooted in policy development We can connect these to actions We are a key authority in this area
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87. Questions (1) How effective is the Government’s approach to regeneration likely to be? What benefits is the new approach likely to bring? Will it ensure that the progress made by past regeneration projects is not lost and can, where appropriate, be built on? Will it ensure that sufficient public funds are made available for future major town and city regeneration projects as well as for more localised projects?
88. Questions (2) What lessons should be learnt from past and existing regeneration projects to apply to the Government’s new approach? What action should the Government be taking to attract money from (a) public and (b) private sources into regeneration schemes? How should the success of the Government’s approach be assessed in future?
89. Central government’s role will be strategic and supportive: reforming and decentralising public services providing powerful incentives that drive growth removing barriers that hinder local ambitions providing targeted investment and reform to strengthen the infrastructure for growth and regeneration and to support the most vulnerable
91. Part Three : Mancunian Mechanisms Part Three: Closer to home (me + questions) 7 MCR mechanisms for ED/R 8 Summary
92. Books Managing the city: the aims and impacts of urban policy Brian Turnbull Robson 1987 Managing the city eds Liddle, Diamond, Southern 2007 City of Revolution eds Ward and Peck How Manchester is managed 1925-1939
93. Stories of “Mancunian ways” Mancunian Ways : the politics of regeneration Robson (Chapter 3 City of Revolution) Metropolitan Manoeuvres : making greater Manchester Deas and Ward (Chapter City of Revolution) Greater Manchester – ‘up and going’, 2000 Hebbert and Deas Greater Manchester : conurbation complexity and local government structure Barlow, 1995 Manchester: Making it Happen Hebbert, 2009
94. Think tanks: Manchester Work Foundation : Ideopolis Localis : Can Localism Deliver? Lessons from Manchester Policy Exchange : Cities Limited NESTA : Original Modern Manchester’s journey to innovation and growth
96. How Manchester is managed, 1935 Regional Planning : The most effective planning scheme is one which is comprehensive in character and not limited by the artificial boundary of a local authority’s area. It’s success depends upon (1) securing an area capable of economic development (2) effective joint action with neighbouring authorities
109. Economic Linkages :Labour Markets Stockport, Harrogate, North East Derbyshire, Gateshead and Sefton have all benefited from labour market links with the economic centre of their city region. Yet we also found that the types of links differed. Between Stockport and Manchester there are strong labour market links in both directions. Stockport has increasingly developed a knowledge-intensive employment base that is complementary to economic growth in Manchester, and over the last ten years its GVA, resident and workplace earnings have increased. We also found that some places had relatively strong labour market links when measured by volume of commuting, but that the economic performance of that Local Authority area had not increased as much as in other places. For example, whilst Rotherham has strong commuting links with Sheffield, the gap between average resident earnings between the two Local Authority areas has widened, suggesting that Rotherham’s residents may not be benefiting from growing high value opportunities in the economic centre but rather continue to supply labour for lower skilled jobs. And there were other places which had strong economies and yet did not have strong commuting links with economic centres (although their industrial structure tended to be more complementary). This suggested that economic relationships between places can lead to mutually beneficial economic spillovers, but that there are certain factors that affect whether those relationships are mutually beneficial or not.
113. Manchester’s economy: current outlook Manchester impacted by the recession – employment levels may not regain recessionary job losses until 2014 But in the medium term a strong recovery forecast GVA growth expected to be high in long term – 3.4% compared to 2.9% for Greater Manchester Residence employment rate to rise over the next decade – but below 60%: twin track economy? Over the medium term, unemployment expected to remain above the historical lows (akin to that experienced at end of 1990’s) Recovery to be driven by business services
115. Manchester’s economy: opportunities for the future Many successful neighbourhoods in South Manchester But also deprived areas that have not benefited from the growth: poor health and educational performance Attractive physical environment in South Manchester – open space and residential neighbourhoods Several thriving local economies and bustling and lively centre Very well connected to the regional centre and to motorway/trunk road and airport links South Manchester crucial to the city (and therefore wider city region economy) – location of choice for city professionals But pressure on housing – increasing demand for high quality homes and long social housing waiting lists
116. Manchester’s economy: opportunities for the future Employment opportunities: significant link between the labour force in South Manchester and the wider city economy: importance of Financial and Business Services
End to ringfencing from 2011/12 except simplified school grants and a new public health grantGovernment’s framework for creating the right conditions for private sector growth (from CSR)Creating macro-econmoic stability (low interest rates etc)Helping markets work more effectively to encourage innovation/efficient allocation of resources ensuring that government is efficient and prioritises high value spending, reducing tax and regulatory burdensEnsuring that everyone in UK has access to opportunities that enable them to fulfil their potential
There has not been much guidance on Local Enterprise Partnerships (purposely) save for the letter from Pickles and Cable at the end of June.So what do we know?Roles of LEP could include (from RGF)_Working with government to identify key priorities for an area, coordinate/submitting applications to RGFSupport high growth businessRepresentation – national planning policy , strategic housing delivery , working with local employers and JC+ etc on worklessnessOpportunities – green sector growth/digital infrastructureLeveraging investment – private sector
Government’s vision of the future economy (based on what they perceive was wrong with the last decade of growth:“fairer, More balanced, Not so dependent on a narrow range of economic sectorsDriven by the private sector growth, New business opportunities more evenly spread across the country and between industryEnvironmentally sustainable and intergenerationally fair (including greening the whole economy as part of the “greenest government ever)White paper sets out:Case for change – making the argument for a new approach (Criticisms of previous policy – driven by central targets and assumed growth could be planned)Need for power/governance to be at the “right” level – debate we’ve heard before SNRAims to improve confidence to invest – including tif, new homes bonus etcFocused investment – regional growth fundNew homes bonus – government will match aditional council tax for each new home and property brought back into useChanges in business rates – Business Increase bonus – enable government to reward authorities where growth in the business rates exceeds a threshold by allowing them to keep the increase for a period of six years, Retention of locally raised business rates, Local government resource review – local business rates retention will be on the agendaTIF – allows councils to borrow against future additional uplift within their business rates base.RGF – independent advisory panel led by Michael Heseltine
Timescale – operate from April 2011 – April 2014 Strong bids to RGFMake a strong contribution to growth and prosperity and “rebalancing” the economy (ie away from public and towards private/social enterprise)Leverage of private sector funds – key requirement. To what extent can you lever in private sector funds to your localityRemoving barriers to private sector growth (eg R& D, planning, training etc)Infrastructure provision – “factor conditions” – housing, energy, transport etc.Make a compelling contribution to delivery of sustainable increase in private sector employment and economic growth (how will they measure sustainable increase?
Goals for national infrastructureIntegrated reliable, secure and resilientSupports sustainable and balanced economic growth and competitivenessEnsures the overall programme supports UK reduced carbon emissions of CO2Achieves an affordable mix of public and private sector investment
Goals for national infrastructureIntegrated reliable, secure and resilientSupports sustainable and balanced economic growth and competitivenessEnsures the overall programme supports UK reduced carbon emissions of CO2Achieves an affordable mix of public and private sector investment
Raft of policy on the labour market. Shift – unemployment to long term worklessnesssThe Houghton Review (2009) – role of local authorities in tackling worklessnessThe Future Jobs Fund (to run 2009-11) – response to recession, young person’s guarantee of a job/trainingWelfare Reform Act – Recognition of dynamic between welfare benefits and employment - worklessnessWorklessness Assessment – key part of the new Economic Assessment which will feed into sub regional Work and Skills plansNew Industry New Jobs – Where the future growth sectors will come fromRaising Expectations: staying in education and training post- 16(2007) - raising school leaving age to 18Skills for Growth, A national strategy for economic growth and individual prosperity
What can we do with the money we have got – can we see economic development as something that every element of public spend in a locality thinks about? Cross cutting theme? Role of procurement becomes even more crucial.Opportunities from this as wellLess resource – less permissionPrioritsation – you can focus on the things that are really important – question is how do you decide?More creativeness – chance to do things very differently and learn from whats happened in other places – its clear the traditional approaches will no longer workAssertiveness/leadership – get on and set your own agenda
Less guidance – horray – less reading..... Hopefully. Chance to set out own policy locally.Changing role – still emerging, could be difficult for economic development but might be a chance to work differently in the future, eg co-operative government, mutuals etc.Right to provide.
Less guidance – horray – less reading..... Hopefully. Chance to set out own policy locally.Changing role – still emerging, could be difficult for economic development but might be a chance to work differently in the future, eg co-operative government, mutuals etc.Right to provide.