Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) is Toyota's hybrid system that combines an internal combustion engine with one or more electric motors. HSD provides benefits like reduced emissions, improved fuel efficiency, and increased power. It works by recovering energy from braking and stopping the engine at idle to charge the batteries and power the electric motors. HSD systems are now used in many Toyota hybrid vehicle models and provide cleaner and more efficient driving compared to conventional gas engines alone.

1. Hybrid Synergy Drive - HSD
Sanjeev Prasad. M
CAE- 09

2. Outline
 The Environmental Issues
 What is a Hybrid Vehicle?
 History of the Hybrid
 Hybrid efficiency
 Myths about Hybrids
 Hybrid Line-up
 Hybrids in Fleets
 The Future of Hybrid Technology

3. Mobility on a grand scale

4. Challenges, also on a grand scale

5. The Call to Action
“There is no future for the automotive industry
without the promotion of environmental
technology. Toyota is convinced that only
companies that succeed in this area will be
acceptable to society.”
Fujio Cho
Chairman, Toyota Motor Corporation

6. The Reality
 “The new social priorities of the emerging era
will call for radically new approaches to
vehicles. Automakers have to address the
issue of co-existence with society, particularly
in relation to environmental preservation and
safety…”
Hiroshi Okuda
Chairman
Toyota Motor Corp., Japan, 2004

7. Environmental Commitment
 Toyota is a world leader in producing advanced technology
vehicles that are environmentally friendly.
 Toyota vehicles are consistently among the winners of
EnerGuide’s most fuel efficient vehicle in class awards.
 Landfill Diversion & Recycling
 Reduced landfill waste by 85% at TCI headquarters
 Recycle 95% of packaging and parts at vehicle processing
and parts distribution centres
 Environmental and Community Partnerships
 Toyota Earth Day Scholarship
 Toyota Evergreen Learning Grounds

8. A significant and growing percentage of customers
indicate a willingness to buy an environmentally
friendly vehicle
If, and only if, all other attributes are EQUAL
or Better

9. Technology Design Objectives
 Significant fuel economy improvement.
 Major reduction in exhaust emissions.
 No new infrastructure needs (e.g. fuelling
stations).
 No perceived difference by customer in
vehicle performance, handling, etc.
 A competitive price to encourage adoption.

10. What is a Hybrid Vehicle?
 What is a Hybrid System?
Fusion between an internal combustion
engine and electric motor—achieving different
functions through different power
combinations.
 Automobile hybrid systems combine two
motive power sources, such as an internal
combustion engine and an electric motor.

11. Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD)

12. Components in HSD
 Nickel-metal battery –
 50 kW, 273.6 Volts, 6.5 A·h capacity and weighing 53.3 kg
 IC Engine –
 1.8L, 4 Cylinder, Petrol Engine
 Power Split and Control Device
 Planetary Gears
 AC/DC Inverter
 Motor Generator I
 Motor Generator II

13. HSD Features
 Idle Stop/Start
 Regenerative Braking
 Electric-only mode (Engine off)
 Power boost
 Self-charging battery (nickel-metal hybrid)
 Low Emissions
 Low Fuel Consumption

14. Working

15. 1959-
 Henney Kilowatt was the first
transistor-based electric car
1990s-
 automotive hybrid technology
became successful when the Honda
Insight & Toyota Prius became
available
2000s-
 saw development of plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles

16. Types of HSD
 SERIES HYBRID SYSTEM
The engine drives a
generator, and an electric
motor uses this generated
electricity to drive the
wheels. This is called a
series hybrid system
because the power flows to
the wheels in series, i.e.,
the engine power and the
motor power are in series.

17.  PARALLEL HYBRID
SYSTEM
In a parallel hybrid
system, both the engine
and the electric motor
drive the wheels, and the
drive power from these
two sources can be
utilized according to the
prevailing conditions.

18.  SERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID
SYSTEM
This system combines
the series hybrid system
with the parallel hybrid
system in order to
maximize the benefits of
both systems.

19. Comparison

20. Characteristics of Hybrid Systems
 ENERGY-LOSS REDUCTION
The system automatically stops the idling of the
engine (idling stop), thus reducing the energy that
would normally be wasted.
 ENERGY RECOVERY AND REUSE
The energy that would normally be wasted as
heat during deceleration and braking is recovered as
electrical energy, which is then used to power the
starter and the electric motor.

21.  MOTOR ASSIST
The electric motor assists the engine during
acceleration.
 HIGH-EFFICIENCY OPERATION CONTROL
The system maximizes the vehicle’s overall
efficiency by using the electric motor to run the vehicle
under operating conditions in which the engine’s
efficiency is low and by generating electricity under
operating conditions in which the engine’s efficiency is
high.

22. Engine and Motor Operation

23. Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD)

24. Hybrid Synergy Drive Benefits
CLEAN: Reduced Exhaust Emissions
• Better air quality, minimizes adverse health effects
EFFICIENT: Reduced Fuel Consumption
• Lower operating cost, less CO2, less oil consumption
POWERFUL: More Fun to drive
• Quicker 0-100 km/h, immediate response, increased
torque
Combinations of the Above

25. Midsize Vehicle Fuel Consumption
Prius: Δ 620 L/yr Camry: Δ 300 L/yr
(Best 2005 (Best 2005
Midsize Diesel) Midsize Diesel)
Δ 900 L/yr Δ 580 L/yr
(Midsize 4 cyl Avg (Midsize 4 cyl Avg
Gas) Gas)
4500
4000
CO2 Emissions (kg/yr)
3500
7.2 L/100 km
8.6 L/100 km
3000
5.7 L/100 km
2500
4.1 L/100 km
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Prius Camry Best 2005 Midsize Midsize Ave (Gas)
(Diesel)
Vehicle

26. Special Purpose Vehicle Fuel Consumption
RX 400h / Highlander Hybrid
Δ 820 L/yr V6 Avg (Gas)
Δ 1400 L/yr V8 Avg (Gas)
7000
6000
5000
CO2 Emissions
4000
14.8 L/100 km
7.8 L/100 km
11.9 L/100 km
7.8 L/100 km
3000
2000
1000
0
RX400H Highlander Hybrid V6 Average (Gas) V8 Average (Gas)
Vehicle

27. Well-to-Wheel Efficiency
Electric cars are NOT “zero emissions” vehicles…
… because power generation creates emissions!
Mining coal Transporting coal Burning coal
Hybrids have the best Well-to-Wheel efficiency today

28. Well-to-Wheel Efficiency

29. Hybrid Myths
• Hybrids pose a threat to first responders
The brightly-colored orange wires are heavily protected
and run underneath the floor in the center of the vehicle.
Rescue workers can cut through any door or even a
window-area without any fear of coming in contact with
them.
• Hybrid vehicles need to be plugged-in
Never! You never plug in the battery-pack. The engine
and regenerative braking provide the necessary
electricity.
• Hybrid Batteries need to be replaced
There have been no failures in service to date and there is
an 8 year / 160,000 km warrantee on all hybrid
components.

30. Contd…
• Hybrids are small and underpowered
As explained in the last couple of slides, this is simply
not the case. Hybrids out-perform their conventional
counterparts and often come equipped with features
not found on other models.
• Electromagnetic Fields in hybrids are harmful to human
health
EMFs inside and outside of Toyota hybrids are at the
same low levels as conventional gasoline vehicles.
Therefore there are no additional health risks to drivers,
passengers or by-standers.
• Hybrids are only about improving fuel economy
In addition to improved fuel efficiency, hybrid vehicles
produce less smog forming emissions, and offer
improved performance.

31. Test Drive Comparison

32. Future Hybrid Applications
Hybrids can be integrated into all power train configurations,
regardless of the power source.

33. Conclusion
 Reducing wasted energy
 Reducing the size & power of the ICE engine
 Energy Efficient
 Sustainable use of Non- renewable energy
resources
 Eco-friendly

34. Reference
 www.toyota.com/hybrids
 www.toyotacanada.ca
 www.hybridsynergydrive.co.za
 www.howstuffworks.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.hybridworld.com