This study investigated the effects of acupuncture on brain damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Rats were divided into two groups - one that underwent ischemia-reperfusion only, and one that received acupuncture after ischemia-reperfusion. The group that received acupuncture showed significantly less brain damage than the group that did not receive acupuncture. The findings suggest that acupuncture may help reduce brain damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion, though more research is needed to understand the mechanisms involved.
TeezCorrelation Between Intraocular pressure(IOP)and Intracranial pressure(IC...Alireza Sheikhi
This document discusses several studies that have investigated the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracranial pressure (ICP). Some studies found a significant correlation between IOP and ICP, while others did not find a clear relationship. The current study aims to help address limitations of prior studies by experimentally reducing IOP in animal models to observe the effects on ICP.
1) Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a rare but serious condition caused by infection or trauma spreading to the cavernous sinus.
2) Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most common infectious causes. Symptoms include fever, headache, eye signs like chemosis and proptosis.
3) Treatment involves antibiotics, surgery to drain infection sites, and controversy around the use of steroids and anticoagulants to prevent further thrombus progression while allowing antibiotic penetration.
The ANA Vol 18 No 2 W.pdf - Chris Eggleton Presentation AWDChris Eggleton,
The document summarizes the key events and contents of the May 2014 issue of The Australian Naval Architect, including:
1) The cover photo showing Australia's first air warfare destroyer, HMAS Hobart, taking shape in Adelaide.
2) News and reports from various sections of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects Australian Division.
3) Letters to the editor discussing potential benefits of autonomous shipping, growth of Brazil's shipbuilding industry, and praise for design innovations on the maxi yacht Wild Oats XI.
El ciclo menstrual es un proceso que ocurre en las mujeres desde la pubertad hasta la menopausia donde los ovarios liberan óvulos maduros mensualmente. Si no hay fecundación, el óvulo no fecundado y el revestimiento del útero son expulsados a través de la menstruación, que dura entre 3 y 6 días.
This one-credit course provides an introduction to spreadsheets using Microsoft Excel. The course will focus on basic spreadsheet skills like performing calculations, formatting cells, using functions, creating charts, filtering and sorting data, and conditional formatting. Students will complete assignments, projects, and assessments in SimNet to demonstrate proficiency in spreadsheet applications. A passing grade requires a score of at least 70% on each assessment and an average score of at least 70% on all assignments and projects.
Acids have a pH below 7 and react with bases to form salts and water. Common acids include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid. Bases have a pH above 7 and react with acids in neutralization reactions. Common bases are sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. Indicators are used to test whether a solution is acidic or basic by changing color in different pH ranges.
Graycon is a network infrastructure solutions firm with over 150 employees and offices across Western Canada. It has over 30 years of experience designing, implementing, and supporting network infrastructure for over 400 companies across various industries. Graycon offers solutions through five practice areas: Infrastructure, Managed Services, Network, Security, and Strategy. It provides a full suite of consulting, implementation, and managed services to design, deploy, and support entire network infrastructures for its clients.
En 2014 no habría cuasimonedas si el Gobierno Nacional asiste a las ProvinciasEduardo Nelson German
El documento analiza tres escenarios posibles para el aumento salarial en las provincias argentinas en 2014 y su impacto fiscal. Debido a los recientes aumentos salariales a las fuerzas de seguridad, es probable que los salarios aumenten más allá del 26% esperado inicialmente. Esto llevaría a mayores déficits provinciales y necesidades de financiamiento de entre $38.694 millones y $48.978 millones. Las provincias no podrán cubrir estas necesidades por sí solas, por lo que se necesitará mayor asistencia financiera del gobi
TeezCorrelation Between Intraocular pressure(IOP)and Intracranial pressure(IC...Alireza Sheikhi
This document discusses several studies that have investigated the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracranial pressure (ICP). Some studies found a significant correlation between IOP and ICP, while others did not find a clear relationship. The current study aims to help address limitations of prior studies by experimentally reducing IOP in animal models to observe the effects on ICP.
1) Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a rare but serious condition caused by infection or trauma spreading to the cavernous sinus.
2) Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most common infectious causes. Symptoms include fever, headache, eye signs like chemosis and proptosis.
3) Treatment involves antibiotics, surgery to drain infection sites, and controversy around the use of steroids and anticoagulants to prevent further thrombus progression while allowing antibiotic penetration.
The ANA Vol 18 No 2 W.pdf - Chris Eggleton Presentation AWDChris Eggleton,
The document summarizes the key events and contents of the May 2014 issue of The Australian Naval Architect, including:
1) The cover photo showing Australia's first air warfare destroyer, HMAS Hobart, taking shape in Adelaide.
2) News and reports from various sections of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects Australian Division.
3) Letters to the editor discussing potential benefits of autonomous shipping, growth of Brazil's shipbuilding industry, and praise for design innovations on the maxi yacht Wild Oats XI.
El ciclo menstrual es un proceso que ocurre en las mujeres desde la pubertad hasta la menopausia donde los ovarios liberan óvulos maduros mensualmente. Si no hay fecundación, el óvulo no fecundado y el revestimiento del útero son expulsados a través de la menstruación, que dura entre 3 y 6 días.
This one-credit course provides an introduction to spreadsheets using Microsoft Excel. The course will focus on basic spreadsheet skills like performing calculations, formatting cells, using functions, creating charts, filtering and sorting data, and conditional formatting. Students will complete assignments, projects, and assessments in SimNet to demonstrate proficiency in spreadsheet applications. A passing grade requires a score of at least 70% on each assessment and an average score of at least 70% on all assignments and projects.
Acids have a pH below 7 and react with bases to form salts and water. Common acids include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid. Bases have a pH above 7 and react with acids in neutralization reactions. Common bases are sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. Indicators are used to test whether a solution is acidic or basic by changing color in different pH ranges.
Graycon is a network infrastructure solutions firm with over 150 employees and offices across Western Canada. It has over 30 years of experience designing, implementing, and supporting network infrastructure for over 400 companies across various industries. Graycon offers solutions through five practice areas: Infrastructure, Managed Services, Network, Security, and Strategy. It provides a full suite of consulting, implementation, and managed services to design, deploy, and support entire network infrastructures for its clients.
En 2014 no habría cuasimonedas si el Gobierno Nacional asiste a las ProvinciasEduardo Nelson German
El documento analiza tres escenarios posibles para el aumento salarial en las provincias argentinas en 2014 y su impacto fiscal. Debido a los recientes aumentos salariales a las fuerzas de seguridad, es probable que los salarios aumenten más allá del 26% esperado inicialmente. Esto llevaría a mayores déficits provinciales y necesidades de financiamiento de entre $38.694 millones y $48.978 millones. Las provincias no podrán cubrir estas necesidades por sí solas, por lo que se necesitará mayor asistencia financiera del gobi
El documento lista las herramientas y suministros necesarios para el mantenimiento de equipos electrónicos como computadoras. Incluye elementos para limpieza como sopladores, aspiradoras y brochas, así como equipos de prueba como probadores de fuentes de poder y multímetros. También menciona herramientas, insumos de limpieza como alcohol isopropílico, y equipos de protección personal como guantes y gafas.
This document summarizes the presentation given by Henrik van den Worm on succeeding with advertising and branding on mobile devices. The presentation covered topics such as forms of mobile advertising including display, search, content, and SMS advertising. It provided examples of mobile advertising campaigns for brands like Adidas and games like Candy Crush Saga. The presentation also discussed innovations in mobile advertising and recommendations for getting started with mobile advertising.
Expande tus conocimientos de PSYCH-K para ser el mejor Facilitador que puedes ser. Ademas descubre excelentes consejos de Marketing para tu practica como Facilitador de este magico proceso
Informe final de evaluación externa rioja excel…Maximo Fraile
El documento presenta los resultados de la evaluación externa de ARAD (Asociación Riojana de Ayuda al Drogadicto) según el Modelo Europeo de Excelencia EFQM. El resumen incluye:
1) El equipo evaluador destacó los esfuerzos de ARAD por orientarse a los clientes y mantener resultados sobresalientes, aunque señaló áreas de mejora como medir la percepción social.
2) ARAD mostró un fuerte liderazgo comprometido con la excelencia, aunque se recomienda avanzar en la
Este documento describe los principales factores climáticos de España. Explica que el clima español se caracteriza por su diversidad estacional y regional, causada por una serie de factores dinámicos y geográficos que influyen conjuntamente. Entre los factores dinámicos más importantes se encuentran la circulación atmosférica superior e inferior, las masas de aire, y los centros de acción como el anticiclón de las Azores. Los factores geográficos incluyen la latitud, el relieve y la altitud del territorio español.
This document summarizes the discovery and optimization of a new class of positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors. Key points:
- A novel series was identified from a high throughput screen and optimized from an initial hit to a clinical candidate.
- Unusually for an ion channel target, optimization was integrated with regular generation of ligand-bound crystal structures, which uncovered a novel chemotype with a conserved trifluoromethyl interaction site.
- The hit was optimized through various modifications including changing substituents on aromatic rings, modifying amide linkages, adding or removing fluorine atoms, and altering fused ring systems to improve properties like developability, tolerability, and efficacy.
- Crystal
O documento convida o leitor a reservar alguns minutos para relaxar e apreciar a vida. Ele também fornece informações sobre como assinar gratuitamente uma lista de e-mail para receber mensagens motivacionais e imagens positivas duas vezes por semana para promover bem-estar e alegria.
This issue of the magazine discusses several photography topics. It includes articles about shooting with the Olympus 90-250mm lens, studio lighting techniques, travel photography in Tasmania, and interior photography. Additionally, it features an interview with food photographer Lou Manna and news briefs about new camera bodies, lenses, and software.
This document discusses methods for determining the sex of Lesser Adjutant Storks. It notes that sexual dimorphism allows for differentiation, but reliable determination requires DNA testing of feather samples. Measurements of head proportions from lateral photos of 20 storks were analyzed statistically to develop ratios that can distinguish males from females when applied to a discriminant function analysis. Specifically, bill height and distance from commissure to crown were useful in constructing a threshold model to classify storks by sex. The method provides a way to monitor this vulnerable population, which is small and declining globally.
Este documento presenta la programación del XXI Festival de Arte Sacro de la Comunidad de Madrid que se celebrará del 28 de febrero al 11 de abril de 2011. Incluye 27 espectáculos de música, danza y teatro en 23 espacios de la Comunidad de Madrid y municipios cercanos. Destaca la conmemoración de importantes figuras como Tomás Luis de Victoria y Franz Liszt con obras maestras.
The document provides information about the NOAH Conference, which is a leading industry event in Europe that connects senior executives from internet companies to investors and strategic partners. It discusses the conference's objectives of discussing disruptive internet trends across key industries and facilitating business deals. Details provided include past attendee numbers of over 2,000 people, high-profile speakers from companies like Google and Rocket Internet, and that the conference has helped originate over $50 billion in company financings.
The document outlines Emily Shaules' workshop on the connection between food and spirituality. It includes:
1) Shaules' personal transformation journey with nutrition from unhappiness at age 20 to finding raw foods at age 31.
2) Basics of raw food diets, including that raw foods retain 100% of nutrients and enzymes.
3) The connection between thoughts, emotions and the food we eat, and how lighter foods allow for faster spiritual growth.
4) Tips for successfully changing one's diet, like taking it one step at a time and finding support.
Este documento presenta un resumen de la filosofía de Platón en 3 oraciones:
1) Platón fue un filósofo griego influenciado por Sócrates que desarrolló la teoría de las Ideas, proponiendo que existen formas puras e inmutables de las cosas perceptibles a través de los sentidos.
2) Su principal interés era la política, buscando establecer un fundamento objetivo para el Estado basado en el orden eterno del ser, a través de la figura del filósofo-rey.
3) Su obra inclu
La Resolución No 74 de la Dirección Nacional de Aduanas aprueba un Manual sobre Zonas Francas que refunde las diversas disposiciones sobre este tema en un solo texto. El Manual establece normas y procedimientos uniformes para el ingreso y salida de mercancías desde las Zonas Francas, así como las obligaciones de las sociedades administradoras y los usuarios. Además, deroga cualquier resolución anterior que contradiga lo establecido en el nuevo Manual.
Imag vaporizer feature story in Tobacco Asia. E-smoking: “Heat Not Burn” Is the New Vaping. Shenzhen-based
Relaxo Technology Co. Ltd. recently introduced its
proprietary IMAG product series. “Our IMAG 2
is the first vaporizer in the market that combines
regular vaping functionality with a tobacco baking
feature,” said the company’s c.e.o. James Yang.
This document provides frequently asked questions about Cisco Networking Academy assessments, including Cisco Packet Tracer Skills Assessments (PTSAs). It covers the types of assessments available, how exams are designed, software requirements for PTSAs, how instructors can activate and view PTSAs, and how students can take PTSAs. Technical support questions regarding downloading Packet Tracer, installing Java, or running the PTSA Environment Checker are also addressed.
Este documento presenta la hoja de vida de Amparo Liliana Cazorla Basantes. Resume su formación académica que incluye títulos de pregrado, posgrado y diplomados. También detalla su experiencia profesional como docente en diferentes instituciones educativas, su experiencia directiva y como capacitadora. Finalmente, presenta publicaciones, idiomas y cursos recibidos.
The document discusses challenges with existing eParticipation systems for government. It notes tensions around who should own such systems, issues with systems built by or outside of government, and limited evaluation of systems in isolation. The author proposes ideas for new stages in eParticipation lifecycles and tools that address these challenges by taking a more hybrid approach between government and external groups.
This study investigated the protective effects of total flavones of rhododendra (TFR) against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Rats were subjected to ischemia via occlusion of carotid and vertebral arteries, then reperfusion. TFR was administered before ischemia. TFR significantly improved EEG amplitude recovery, reduced brain water content, and decreased markers of oxidative stress and cell damage in plasma. TFR also inhibited calcium influx and platelet aggregation. These results suggest TFR protects against cerebral injury by antioxidant, antiplatelet, and calcium regulation effects.
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of zofenopril on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury using a rat model. Rats were divided into five groups: sham surgery, ischemia only, ischemia-reperfusion, ischemia-reperfusion with zofenopril pretreatment, and zofenopril only. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis were measured in intestinal tissue samples. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 was also performed. Results showed that ischemia-reperfusion caused intestinal damage including mucosal destruction and cell apoptosis. Zofenopril pretreatment reduced oxidative stress markers and inhibited apoptosis, protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury on histological and biochemical evaluation. The
Spatial Memory Disturbance Following Transient Brain Ischemia is Associated w...UniversitasGadjahMada
A number of studies have investigated the effects of ischemic injury on functional and cellular characteristics of hippocampus. There is only a limited study on vascular remodeling of it. The present study aimed at examining vascular remodeling in hippocampus and spatial memory disturbances after transient brain ischemia. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e. sham operated (SHAM), transient brain ischemia with 1 day reperfusion (IR1), 3 day reperfusion (IR3), and 10 days reperfusion (IR10) groups. Transient brain ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). The spatial memory test was performed using the Morris water maze (MWM) in SHAM and IR10 groups. The rats were euthanized at day 1, 3 or 10 after BCCAO depending on the groups. The mRNA expressions of SOD2, Bcl-2, NeuN, eNOS, endothelin-1 (ET-1), CD31, VE-cadherin and vascular remodeling of the hippocampus were examined. There were deteriorations of spatial learning ability in IR10 group. The percentages of SOD2 and Bcl-2, the expression of NeuN, decreased and the vascular remodeling was observed in the ischemic groups. The eNOS and CD31 expressions were less in IR10, the VE-cadherin expression was less in all ischemic groups than in SHAM group, while ET-1 expression in IR1 group was higher than any other groups. The spatial memory deterioration after BCCAO is associated with vascular remodeling in hippocampus, characterized by lumen narrowing and smooth muscle thickening of microvessels.
El documento lista las herramientas y suministros necesarios para el mantenimiento de equipos electrónicos como computadoras. Incluye elementos para limpieza como sopladores, aspiradoras y brochas, así como equipos de prueba como probadores de fuentes de poder y multímetros. También menciona herramientas, insumos de limpieza como alcohol isopropílico, y equipos de protección personal como guantes y gafas.
This document summarizes the presentation given by Henrik van den Worm on succeeding with advertising and branding on mobile devices. The presentation covered topics such as forms of mobile advertising including display, search, content, and SMS advertising. It provided examples of mobile advertising campaigns for brands like Adidas and games like Candy Crush Saga. The presentation also discussed innovations in mobile advertising and recommendations for getting started with mobile advertising.
Expande tus conocimientos de PSYCH-K para ser el mejor Facilitador que puedes ser. Ademas descubre excelentes consejos de Marketing para tu practica como Facilitador de este magico proceso
Informe final de evaluación externa rioja excel…Maximo Fraile
El documento presenta los resultados de la evaluación externa de ARAD (Asociación Riojana de Ayuda al Drogadicto) según el Modelo Europeo de Excelencia EFQM. El resumen incluye:
1) El equipo evaluador destacó los esfuerzos de ARAD por orientarse a los clientes y mantener resultados sobresalientes, aunque señaló áreas de mejora como medir la percepción social.
2) ARAD mostró un fuerte liderazgo comprometido con la excelencia, aunque se recomienda avanzar en la
Este documento describe los principales factores climáticos de España. Explica que el clima español se caracteriza por su diversidad estacional y regional, causada por una serie de factores dinámicos y geográficos que influyen conjuntamente. Entre los factores dinámicos más importantes se encuentran la circulación atmosférica superior e inferior, las masas de aire, y los centros de acción como el anticiclón de las Azores. Los factores geográficos incluyen la latitud, el relieve y la altitud del territorio español.
This document summarizes the discovery and optimization of a new class of positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors. Key points:
- A novel series was identified from a high throughput screen and optimized from an initial hit to a clinical candidate.
- Unusually for an ion channel target, optimization was integrated with regular generation of ligand-bound crystal structures, which uncovered a novel chemotype with a conserved trifluoromethyl interaction site.
- The hit was optimized through various modifications including changing substituents on aromatic rings, modifying amide linkages, adding or removing fluorine atoms, and altering fused ring systems to improve properties like developability, tolerability, and efficacy.
- Crystal
O documento convida o leitor a reservar alguns minutos para relaxar e apreciar a vida. Ele também fornece informações sobre como assinar gratuitamente uma lista de e-mail para receber mensagens motivacionais e imagens positivas duas vezes por semana para promover bem-estar e alegria.
This issue of the magazine discusses several photography topics. It includes articles about shooting with the Olympus 90-250mm lens, studio lighting techniques, travel photography in Tasmania, and interior photography. Additionally, it features an interview with food photographer Lou Manna and news briefs about new camera bodies, lenses, and software.
This document discusses methods for determining the sex of Lesser Adjutant Storks. It notes that sexual dimorphism allows for differentiation, but reliable determination requires DNA testing of feather samples. Measurements of head proportions from lateral photos of 20 storks were analyzed statistically to develop ratios that can distinguish males from females when applied to a discriminant function analysis. Specifically, bill height and distance from commissure to crown were useful in constructing a threshold model to classify storks by sex. The method provides a way to monitor this vulnerable population, which is small and declining globally.
Este documento presenta la programación del XXI Festival de Arte Sacro de la Comunidad de Madrid que se celebrará del 28 de febrero al 11 de abril de 2011. Incluye 27 espectáculos de música, danza y teatro en 23 espacios de la Comunidad de Madrid y municipios cercanos. Destaca la conmemoración de importantes figuras como Tomás Luis de Victoria y Franz Liszt con obras maestras.
The document provides information about the NOAH Conference, which is a leading industry event in Europe that connects senior executives from internet companies to investors and strategic partners. It discusses the conference's objectives of discussing disruptive internet trends across key industries and facilitating business deals. Details provided include past attendee numbers of over 2,000 people, high-profile speakers from companies like Google and Rocket Internet, and that the conference has helped originate over $50 billion in company financings.
The document outlines Emily Shaules' workshop on the connection between food and spirituality. It includes:
1) Shaules' personal transformation journey with nutrition from unhappiness at age 20 to finding raw foods at age 31.
2) Basics of raw food diets, including that raw foods retain 100% of nutrients and enzymes.
3) The connection between thoughts, emotions and the food we eat, and how lighter foods allow for faster spiritual growth.
4) Tips for successfully changing one's diet, like taking it one step at a time and finding support.
Este documento presenta un resumen de la filosofía de Platón en 3 oraciones:
1) Platón fue un filósofo griego influenciado por Sócrates que desarrolló la teoría de las Ideas, proponiendo que existen formas puras e inmutables de las cosas perceptibles a través de los sentidos.
2) Su principal interés era la política, buscando establecer un fundamento objetivo para el Estado basado en el orden eterno del ser, a través de la figura del filósofo-rey.
3) Su obra inclu
La Resolución No 74 de la Dirección Nacional de Aduanas aprueba un Manual sobre Zonas Francas que refunde las diversas disposiciones sobre este tema en un solo texto. El Manual establece normas y procedimientos uniformes para el ingreso y salida de mercancías desde las Zonas Francas, así como las obligaciones de las sociedades administradoras y los usuarios. Además, deroga cualquier resolución anterior que contradiga lo establecido en el nuevo Manual.
Imag vaporizer feature story in Tobacco Asia. E-smoking: “Heat Not Burn” Is the New Vaping. Shenzhen-based
Relaxo Technology Co. Ltd. recently introduced its
proprietary IMAG product series. “Our IMAG 2
is the first vaporizer in the market that combines
regular vaping functionality with a tobacco baking
feature,” said the company’s c.e.o. James Yang.
This document provides frequently asked questions about Cisco Networking Academy assessments, including Cisco Packet Tracer Skills Assessments (PTSAs). It covers the types of assessments available, how exams are designed, software requirements for PTSAs, how instructors can activate and view PTSAs, and how students can take PTSAs. Technical support questions regarding downloading Packet Tracer, installing Java, or running the PTSA Environment Checker are also addressed.
Este documento presenta la hoja de vida de Amparo Liliana Cazorla Basantes. Resume su formación académica que incluye títulos de pregrado, posgrado y diplomados. También detalla su experiencia profesional como docente en diferentes instituciones educativas, su experiencia directiva y como capacitadora. Finalmente, presenta publicaciones, idiomas y cursos recibidos.
The document discusses challenges with existing eParticipation systems for government. It notes tensions around who should own such systems, issues with systems built by or outside of government, and limited evaluation of systems in isolation. The author proposes ideas for new stages in eParticipation lifecycles and tools that address these challenges by taking a more hybrid approach between government and external groups.
This study investigated the protective effects of total flavones of rhododendra (TFR) against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Rats were subjected to ischemia via occlusion of carotid and vertebral arteries, then reperfusion. TFR was administered before ischemia. TFR significantly improved EEG amplitude recovery, reduced brain water content, and decreased markers of oxidative stress and cell damage in plasma. TFR also inhibited calcium influx and platelet aggregation. These results suggest TFR protects against cerebral injury by antioxidant, antiplatelet, and calcium regulation effects.
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of zofenopril on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury using a rat model. Rats were divided into five groups: sham surgery, ischemia only, ischemia-reperfusion, ischemia-reperfusion with zofenopril pretreatment, and zofenopril only. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis were measured in intestinal tissue samples. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 was also performed. Results showed that ischemia-reperfusion caused intestinal damage including mucosal destruction and cell apoptosis. Zofenopril pretreatment reduced oxidative stress markers and inhibited apoptosis, protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury on histological and biochemical evaluation. The
Spatial Memory Disturbance Following Transient Brain Ischemia is Associated w...UniversitasGadjahMada
A number of studies have investigated the effects of ischemic injury on functional and cellular characteristics of hippocampus. There is only a limited study on vascular remodeling of it. The present study aimed at examining vascular remodeling in hippocampus and spatial memory disturbances after transient brain ischemia. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e. sham operated (SHAM), transient brain ischemia with 1 day reperfusion (IR1), 3 day reperfusion (IR3), and 10 days reperfusion (IR10) groups. Transient brain ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). The spatial memory test was performed using the Morris water maze (MWM) in SHAM and IR10 groups. The rats were euthanized at day 1, 3 or 10 after BCCAO depending on the groups. The mRNA expressions of SOD2, Bcl-2, NeuN, eNOS, endothelin-1 (ET-1), CD31, VE-cadherin and vascular remodeling of the hippocampus were examined. There were deteriorations of spatial learning ability in IR10 group. The percentages of SOD2 and Bcl-2, the expression of NeuN, decreased and the vascular remodeling was observed in the ischemic groups. The eNOS and CD31 expressions were less in IR10, the VE-cadherin expression was less in all ischemic groups than in SHAM group, while ET-1 expression in IR1 group was higher than any other groups. The spatial memory deterioration after BCCAO is associated with vascular remodeling in hippocampus, characterized by lumen narrowing and smooth muscle thickening of microvessels.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This study investigated whether the drug paricalcitol could reduce kidney damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a group given only paricalcitol, a group that underwent ischemia-reperfusion injury, and a group that received paricalcitol before undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results showed that pretreatment with paricalcitol before ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly decreased serum markers of kidney damage and oxidative stress in kidney tissue compared to rats that only underwent ischemia-reperfusion injury. Histological examination also showed less kidney tissue injury in rats pretreated with paricalcitol. Therefore, the study concluded that paricalcitol has a protective
OP Poisoning - Dr. Ajith Venugopalan, EM, MOSC Medical College Hospital, Kole...Dr Ajith Venugopalan
Organophosphate Poisoning - Evaluation & Management
Toxicology
Emergency Medicine
- Dr. Ajith Venugopalan, EM, MOSC Medical College Hospital, Kolenchery, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
Brain-kidney crosstalk: The Effect of Acute Kidney Injury on the Brain and Ce...Mahidol University
Acute kidney injury (AKI) can affect brain function and cerebral health through several mechanisms. AKI causes systemic inflammation which increases cytokines in the brain and disrupts the blood-brain barrier. It also impacts neurotransmitter levels, endocrine function, acid-base balance, and brain water content. These disruptions can range from minor motor impairment to coma. Dialysis for AKI patients with brain injury requires modifications to prevent hypotension and intracellular acidosis which could further damage brain cells.
— Superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS) is a rare disease. So when a case of this came at Aravind Eye Institute, a detailed case report was prepared to publish. A 56 years old male patient, a known case of prostatic malignancy with skeletal metastasis presented with ptosis, exotropia, diminished pupillary reflex and limitations in extraocular movements of left eye. MRI brain revealed diffuse skull base and leptomeningeal metastasis. Whole body CT scan showed metastasis in ribs, scapula and in pelvic bones. He was diagnosed to have superior orbital fissure syndrome due to metastatic prostatic malignancy and was offered steroids and radiotherapy.
INVESTIGATION THE EFFECT OF PENTHYLENTETRAZOLE INDUCING EPILEPSY MODEL USING ...Self-employed researcher
This study investigated the anticonvulsant effects of Epilobium hirsutum extract in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in mice. Mice were pretreated with 100 or 200 mg/kg of E. hirsutum extract or valproate before being injected with PTZ. The extract increased seizure onset time and decreased duration compared to the PTZ group. Neurological tests and biochemical assays also showed the extract reduced oxidative stress and improved motor function versus PTZ. The results suggest E. hirsutum has anticonvulsant properties potentially due to its antioxidant compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids.
The document defines brain death and describes the causes, diagnosis, and tests used to determine brain death. It states that brain death is the irreversible loss of brain function, including the brain stem. Common causes are traumatic brain injury, strokes, and brain hemorrhages which can lead to brain swelling and loss of oxygen. The diagnosis involves clinical exams and tests to check for reflexes and response to stimuli. Key tests include pupillary, corneal, oculocephalic, caloric, gag/cough reflexes and an apnea test. The diagnosis must be made by certain specialists and require exclusionary criteria before determining brain death.
Correlation Between Intraocular pressure(IOP)and Intracranial pressure(ICP) i...Alireza Sheikhi
This document discusses several studies that have investigated the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracranial pressure (ICP). The studies have shown mixed results, with some finding a correlation between IOP and ICP, and others finding no correlation. The current study aims to further explore this relationship by experimentally reducing IOP in dogs through medication or surgery and measuring the impact on ICP over time. Fifteen healthy dogs were divided into groups that received eye drops, eye surgery, or no treatment to the right eye. IOP and ICP were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks later to analyze any changes and potential correlation between the pressures.
EFFECT OF MIRROR THERAPY ON UPPER EXTREMITY MOTOR FUNCTION IN STROKE PATIENTSismailabinji
EFFECT OF MIRROR THERAPY ON UPPER EXTREMITY MOTOR FUNCTION IN STROKE PATIENTS
Stroke is one of the main causes of disability around the globe. plegia (complete paralysis) or paresis (partial weakness ) are common following a stroke. According to the Journal of Physical Therapy Science, about 85 percent of stroke survivors will suffer from hemiplegia, and at least 69 percent will experience a loss of motor function in the upper limb.
Although these changes may not be permanent, some people regain partial or full limb function, the road to recovery can be long. But did you know that it is possible to trick the brain into believing what it sees? Mirror therapy is being used more and more in stroke rehabilitation to dupe the brain and restore limb function.
STROKE: is defined as the rapidly developed clinical signs of global or focal disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. (WHO, 2017)
MOTOR FUNCTION motor function is the ability to learn or to demonstrate the skillful and efficient assumption, maintenance, modification, and control of voluntary postures and movement patterns.
In mirror therapy, a mirror is placed beside the unaffected limb, blocking the view of the affected limb. This creates the illusion that both limbs are functioning properly.
Mirror theory is based on evidence that action observation activates the same motor areas of the brain as action execution. Observed actions lead to the generation of intended actions, engaging motor planning and execution.
Mirror neurons are type of brain cell that respond equally when we perform an action and when we witness someone else perform the same action. They were first discovered in the early 1990s, when a team of Italian researchers found individual neurons in the brains of macaque monkeys that fired both when the monkeys grabbed an object and also when the monkeys watched another primate grab the same object.
Patient characteristics
Motor abilities
Vision
Trunk control
Non affected limb
Cognitive abilities (Wade DT et al., 2011)
Informing the patient
Possible Negative effect
Environment and required materials
Surrounding
Jewellery and other marks
Mirror
The report about osteopathy and postural function in dentistryAlexander Budovsky
The interdisciplinary approach is becoming more widely used by modern Russian dentistry. This approach covers both dentistry disciplines and general medical field. It often leads to hyper diagnostics and inadequate treatment, with results in a patient’s overtreatment and their psychological state.
Osteopathy has gained a lot of popularity, especially cranio-osteopathy, to treat patients with TMD (TemporoMandibular Disorders). It becomes obvious that the relation between supporting-motor apparatus and masticatory system evokes great interest.
Some authors claim that TMD is caused by poor posture and spine disorders but not by problems in maxillofacial area.
Many scientific conferences have been held all over the world. A lot of clinics have taken on osteopaths.
The use of alternative medicine techniques in our field is very risky as no enough scientific evidence has been found yet to prove the effectiveness of such methods of treatment.
The aim of our research is to determine the effectiveness of the use of cranio-osteopathic methods in dentistry field.
Spinal cord injury can result in paraplegia or quadriplegia depending on the level of injury. Emergency management involves immobilization of the spine and transporting the patient for further assessment. Diagnostic tests like x-rays and MRI are used to evaluate the injury. Treatment may include high dose corticosteroids, respiratory support, skeletal traction, and sometimes surgery to decompress the spinal cord. Nursing care focuses on preventing complications and promoting mobility and independence.
The document provides information about examining the neck during a health assessment. It discusses the key anatomical structures in the neck including muscles, blood vessels, endocrine and lymphatic systems. Asymmetrical head position can be caused by muscle damage, swelling or masses, and may indicate minor issues like muscle spasms or more serious problems involving the nervous system or chronic conditions. The examination involves palpating structures in the anterior and posterior neck triangles such as the trachea, thyroid gland and lymph nodes.
1) Brain death is defined as irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem. Tests to determine brain death include examining brainstem reflexes and performing an apnea test.
2) Organ donation provides terminally ill patients a new lease on life but organ availability is low in India. Living donors can donate renewable tissues while deceased donors are a major source of organs.
3) For organ donation to occur, all reversible causes of coma must first be excluded through testing and the diagnosis of brain death must be certified by a board of medical experts according to the law.
This document provides an overview of the neurological management of severely injured patients. It discusses the pathophysiology of neurotrauma and emphasizes the importance of preventing secondary brain and spinal cord injuries through careful management of factors like hypotension, hypoxia, intracranial pressure, seizures and temperature. The initial assessment and priorities on scene and in the emergency department are outlined. Medical and surgical management strategies for head injuries, spinal injuries and monitoring of intracranial pressure are summarized, along with guidelines for interventions like osmotherapy, blood transfusion thresholds and timing of surgery. Key evidence-based recommendations are highlighted.
The document discusses various tests used to investigate neurological diseases, including imaging tests like CT, MRI, X-rays; lumbar puncture to examine cerebrospinal fluid; nerve conduction and electromyography tests; evoked potentials; and specialized blood and biopsy tests. CT is useful for detecting tumors, hemorrhages, and fractures but has limitations. MRI provides better soft tissue contrast and avoids radiation. Lumbar puncture examines CSF for signs of infection or inflammation.
Brain death is defined as the complete and irreversible cessation of all brain functions, including the brain stem. It can be determined by the absence of electrical activity in the brain via EEG, lack of blood flow to the brain, and the absence of all clinical brain functions upon examination. Some causes that can lead to brain death include anoxia, ischemia, intracranial hemorrhage, brain tumors, and head injuries. Proper certification of brain death requires examination by a board of doctors at least three times over a period of hours to confirm the irreversible loss of all brain functions. Recovery from brain death is not possible, as it indicates misdiagnosis, while patients in comas or vegetative states still
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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1. Articles
The effects of acupuncture on rats with brain ischemia-
reperfusion
Ahmet Kavaklı, MD, PhD, Evren Köse, MD, Nusret Akpolat, MD, Mustafa Sarsılmaz, MD.
ABSTRACT Results: In the samples belonging to the I/R group,
widespread necrotic areas, red neurons, vacuolization,
congestion, and edema were observed. In the I/R+
-األهداف: حتديد األضرار التي تصيب املخ بسبب احتباس
acupuncture group, the findings of ischemia were
)، وتأثيرات التداويMCA( ) بسبب انسدادI/R( التروية significantly decreased when compared with the I/R
.باإلبر group.
Conclusion: The damage caused by I/R was decreased
الطريقة: أجري هذا البحث في قسم علم التشريح – جامعة
by manual acupuncture therapy, however, further
الفرات – االزيغ – تركيا، خالل الفترة مابني يناير 7002م وحتى clinical studies are needed to determine the mechanism
)I/R( ،فبراير 7002م. مت توزيع 41 يربوع ًا على مجموعتني of acupuncture treatment, the optimal timing, and
) + التداوي باإلبر كمجموعةI/R( مجموعة التحكم، و duration of acupuncture treatment in such disorders.
60 ) ملدةMCA(البحث. في مجموعة التحكم مت حبس الـ
Neurosciences 2009; Vol. 14 (1): 10-13
دقيقة، بعدها متت إعادة التروية. أما في مجموعة التحكم فقد
.مت استخدام التداوي اإلبري اليابس بعد 01 أيام من إعادة التروية From the Departments of Anatomy (Kavakli, Kose, Sarsilmaz) and
Pathology (Akpolat), School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig,
في نهاية التجربة متت التضحية بجميع اليربوعات. بعدها قمنا Turkey.
.بفحص اسنجة املخ بعد صبغها Received 26th May 2008. Accepted 29th September 2008.
Address correspondence and reprint request to: Associate Professor Ahmet
) مجموعة التحكم مساحة كبيرةI/R( النتائج: تبني في Kavakli, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Firat University,
Elazig 23119, Turkey. Tel. +90 (424) 2370000 Ext. 4626. Fax. +90
.متضررة، خاليا أعصاب حمري، انسداد قناة دموية، وخزب (424) 2379138. E-mail: kavaklia@gmail.com
) + التداوي باإلبر مجموعة البحث، كانت املساحةI/R(
.املتضررة اقل من املجموعة األولى
C erebrovascular diseases represent one of the
main causes of death and long-term disability.
)I/R( خامتة: إن الضرر الذي يحدث بسبب احتباس-التروية
Thromboembolic occlusion of the artery is the most
انخفض باستخدام التداوي باإلبر، إال أنه يجب إجراء املزيد من
important cause of ischemia in patients. In brain
البحوث والدراسات لتحديد ومعرفة آلية التداوي باإلبر، وحتديد
ischemia, cerebral blood flow is reduced in brain regions
الوقت واملدة التي يتطلبها
that are supplied with oxygen by the occluded vessels. In
addition to the lack of blood flow and oxygen delivery,
Objectives: To investigate the damage of brain
the restoration of blood flow has also been reported
ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) caused by occlusion of
the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and the effects of to contribute to cell damage due to the generation
acupuncture on this damage. of free radicals.1,2 Several drugs were studied for their
neuroprotective effects in the ischemia-reperfusion
Methods: This investigation took place in the
(I/R) models of animals.2-4 Some studies show that over
Experimental Research Unit of Firat University,
production of free radicals plays an important role in
Elazig, Turkey in January-February 2007. For this
aim, 14 rats were divided into 2 groups: I/R (control) the pathogenesis of the cerebral damage induced by
and I/R+acupuncture (experiment). In the I/R group, I/R.2-7 In addition, some of the drugs were evaluated for
the MCA was occluded for 60 minutes, after this
the treatment of stroke to reduce the cerebral damage
reperfusion was applied. In the I/R+acupuncture
and the recovery of motor and cognitive functions
group, dry needle acupuncture was applied after
after an I/R attack.8,9 Acupuncture, a technique
reperfusion for 10 days. At the end of the experiment,
all rats were sacrificed. The brain tissues were examined stimulation on acupoints by acupuncture needles, is a
after staining with hematoxylin and eosin. physical treatment in Chinese Traditional Medicine.
10
2. Brain ischemia-reperfusion and acupuncture … Kavakli et al
There are 2 acupuncture methods. One of them is the examination by light microscopy. Sections (5 µm-thick)
manual acupuncture (dry needle), where mechanical from the paraffin–blocks were stained with hematoxylin
stimulation is applied to the acupoints. In another and eosin. Structural alterations in the brain tissues
technique called electroacupuncture (EA), electrical were determined as semi-quantitative + sign (0: absent,
stimulation is delivered to acupoints. Clinically, +: slight, ++: moderate, +++: severe).
acupuncture has beneficial effects on stroke patients.
For example, acupuncture can minimize speech Results. In this light microscopic study, widespread
retardation,10 improve locomotion, and increase muscle necrotic areas, red neurons, vacuolization, congestion,
strength,11 enhance memory,12 and stimulate cerebral and edema were observed in the I/R group. In the
blood flow.13 In addition, experimental studies reported I/R+ acupuncture group, findings of ischemia were not
that acupuncture attenuated edema formation, lipid widespread and necrotic areas were absent. While edema,
peroxidation, and cerebral infarction.14-16 The aim of the vacuolization, and eosinophilic degeneration in the I/R
current study was to investigate the effects of manual group were severe (+++), in the I/R+ acupuncture group
acupuncture after I/R performed in rats. the edema, eosinophilic degeneration, vacuolization,
and congestion were slight (+) and the necrotic areas
Methods. Fourteen adult male Wistar rats, from were determined as absent (0). The light microscopic
the Experimental Animal Center of Firat University, results were shown in Table 1 and Figures 1 & 2.
Medical Faculty, Elazig, Turkey in January-February
2007, weighing 280-320 g, comprised the study
material. All the protocols in the present study were Table 1 - Light microscopic findings in the brain tissue of group I (I/R)
performed according to the guidelines of the local and group II (I/R+ acupuncture) rats (n=7 in each group).
ethics committee. The animals were maintained under
controlled temperature (21±1°C) and controlled light Light microscopic findings I/R (control) I/R + acupuncture
conditions (light 07:00-19:00 hours). Food (standard Necrotic areas (infarct) ++ 0
pellet diet) and tap water were supplied ad libitum. Eosinophilic (red neurons) +++ +
The 14 rats were divided into 2 groups I/R and Edema +++ +
Vacuolization +++ +
I/R+ acupuncture. Occlusion of the right MCA was
Congestion ++ +
performed by a nylon filament as described previously.2,3
I/R - ischemia-reperfusion
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for
60 minutes followed by perfusion. Briefly, the right
common carotid artery was exposed through a midline
incision and carefully dissected from the surrounding
tissue using the microsurgery technique. The external
carotid artery (ECA) was dissected further distally
and coagulated along with the occipital and superior
thyroid artery branches, which were then divided.
The internal carotid artery (ICA) was isolated and
carefully separated from the adjacent vagus nerve, and
the pterygopalatine artery was ligated close to its origin
with a 7-0 silk suture. Next, a 7-0 silk suture was tied
loosely around the mobilized ECA stump, and a piece Figure 1 - Ischemia-reperfusion group: red neurons (arrows) and infarct
of 4-0 monofilament nylon suture, with its tip rounded (I) area are seen (Hematoxylin & Eosin x 100).
by gentle heating, was inserted into the lumen of the
right ECA stump and gently advanced via the right ICA
to embed into the right anterior cerebral artery so that
the right MCA was occluded at its origin. Reperfusion
was accomplished by pulling the filament. Acupuncture
was applied at the anatomical points of DU-20, DU-
26, St-36 and GB-20. The acupuncture treatment was
started after reperfusion for 30 minutes and continued
for 10 days (30 minutes a day). On the tenth day,
at the end of the reperfusion, all rats were sacrificed.
The brains were quickly removed from the skull and
Figure 2 - Ischemia-reperfusion + acupuncture (experimental) group:
placed in neutral formalin (10%) and then cut into 2 neurons with slight edema, congestion, and red neuron
mm thick coronal slices for routine histopathological (arrow) are seen (Hematoxylin & Eosin x 100).
Neurosciences 2009; Vol. 14 (1) 11
3. Brain ischemia-reperfusion and acupuncture … Kavakli et al
Discussion. Acupuncture, one of the alternative that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 B) levels that increased
and complementary treatment methods, has been after I/R and played an important role in pathogenesis
frequently used in the treatment of various diseases. were reduced following acupuncture treatment.23 In our
It has provided a positive outcome in the treatment of study, histopathological improvement might have been
many neurological disorders. In addition, it has been associated with increased VEGF expression or decreased
experimentally shown to be an efficient treatment IL-1 B level. Yang et al24 applied EA treatment of 10 mA
method. In a clinical study by Chen et al,17 on stroke for 20 minutes at GV 16 and GV 8 points of the rats
patients, routine therapy was complemented by subjected to 30 minutes of MCAO. They determined in
the histopathological evaluation that cell regeneration
acupuncture at St 36 and GB 39 points. In these patients,
and new cell migration had increased. In another study, it
the brain blood flow and collateral circulation were
was immunohistochemically shown that EA performed
significantly better after acupuncture than in the routine
90 minutes after MCAO reduced the neuron count in
treatment group. Similarly, Si et al18 showed that EA
apoptotic cell death.25
along with routine treatment significantly increases the
In conclusion, clinical and experimental studies
rate of functional recovery in patients of acute cerebral
have shown positive effects of acupuncture in the
infract. Liu et al,19 in a study on rats with multi infracts
treatment of various neurological disorders or damage.
of the brain, applied dry needle acupuncture at CV17,
Acupuncture procedure, particularly when it is applied
CV12, CV6, St36, and SP10 points for 21 days and
following brain I/R, provides both functional and
determined that the procedure increased the activities
histopathological improvement. Electroacupuncture
of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase,
has been the common procedure in earlier studies.
which are antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, they
However, it has been shown in both our studies, and
found significant improvement in the Morris water-tank
other studies using dry needle acupuncture that this
experiment used in the evaluation of spatial memory.
procedure is as effective as the EA procedure in achieving
In our study, dry needle acupuncture applied to rats
positive outcome. Further clinical studies are needed to
after brain I/R provided marked histopathological
determine the mechanism of acupuncture treatment,
improvement when compared with the control group.
and the optimal timing and duration of acupuncture
It has been claimed that free oxygen radicals cause tissue
treatment in such disorders.
damage following I/R. Improvement after acupuncture
may be associated with increased antioxidant activity
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