This document discusses biodiversity conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of species found within a region, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity is valuable for maintaining ecological balance but is threatened by human activities. Conservation approaches include in-situ methods like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves, and ex-situ methods such as seed banks, botanical gardens, zoos, and tissue culture which protect species outside their natural habitats. Both approaches are needed to effectively conserve biodiversity.

1. S.S.G. PAREEK PG COLLEGE
 SUBMITTED BY :-
AJAY KUMAR YADAV
M.Sc (FINAL)
ZOOLOGY
 SUBMITTED TO:-
RAJNEESH MISHRA
(HOD)
ZOOLOGY
CONSERVATION OF
BIODIVERSITY

2. CONTENT :-
BIODIVERSITY
VALUE OF BIODIVERITY
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION OF
BIODIVERSITY
IN-SITU CONSERVATION
EX-SITU CONSERVATION

3. What is BIODIVERSITY ?
 BIO means “life” and DIVERSITY means
“variety”. Hence the biodiversity refers to wide
variety of life on the earth.
 Definition :- The presence of different species of
plants, animals, reptiles, birds, etc over a
particular piece of land.
 Variety in the species is influenced by many
factors like – physical ,chemical , climatic. Which
results in the formation of new species.

4. VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY :-
 BIODIVERSITY is very important for maintaining
the ecological balance of a place.
 It provide so much of useful resources necessary
for the survival.
 Without biodiversity, there would be no life and
almost all species will extinct.
 Biodiversity is threatened by several human
activities.
 Therefore, all the biodiversity reserves must be
protected at all costs by taking necessary steps.

5. Types of biodiversity
Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Ecosystem diversity
1
2
3

7. 1) Genetic diversity:-
 Within individual species there
are number of varieties which
are slightly different from one
another.
 These differences are due to
difference in the combination of
genes.
 Genes are the basic unit of
hereditary information,
transmitted from one generation
to another.

8. 2) Species diversity:-
It refers to the variety of
species with in a region.
Species diversity is an
index that in corporates
the number of species in
an area.

9. 3) Ecosystem diversity:-
 Ecosystem diversity refers to the
diversity of a place at the level of
ecosystems.
 A large region with different
ecosystems can be considered
as ecosystem diversity.
 The ecosystem also show
variation with respect to physical
parameters like moisture,
temperature, altitude,
precipitation, …etc.

10. THERE ARE TWO APPROACHES OF
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION:-
 In-situ conservation(with in habitat):- this
is achieved by protection of wild flora and
fauna in nature itself.
example- biosphere reserve, national park,
sanctuaries…etc.
Ex-situ conservation(outside habitats):-this
is done by establishing of gene banks,
seed banks, zoo, botanical garden…etc.

11. Biodiversity conservation
In-situ
conservation
Ex-situ
conservation
Biosphere reserve
National park
Wildlife sanctuaries
forest
Botanical garden
Gene bank
Seed bank
Zoos
Tissue culture

12. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
1. NATIONAL PARKS:-
 A national park is an area which is strictly reserved
for the betterment of the wildlife.
 Where activities like forestry, grazing on cultivation
are not permitted.
In these parks, even private ownership rights are not
allowed.
 Their boundaries are well marked and
circumscribed. They are usually small reserves
spreading in an area of 100 Sq. km. to 500 sq. km. .

13. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
2. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES:-
A sanctuary is a protected area which is
reserved for the conservation of only animals.
 Human activities like harvesting of timber,
collecting minor forest products and private
ownership rights are allowed as long as they
do not interfere with well-being of animals.
Boundaries of sanctuaries are not well
defined and controlled biotic interference is
permitted, e.g., tourist activity.

14. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
3. BIOSPHERE RESERVES:-
It is a special category of protected areas where
human population also forms a part of the system.
They are large protected area of usually more than
5000 sq.km.
A biosphere reserves has 3 parts-
Core
Buffer
Transition zone.

15. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
1. SEED GENE BANK:-
These are cold storages where seeds are
kept under controlled temperature and
humidity for storage.
This is easiest way to store the germ plasma
of plants at low temperature.
Seeds preserved under controlled conditions
(minus temperature) remain viable for long
durations of time.

16. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
2. GENE BANK:-
Genetic variability also is preserved by
gene bank under normal growing
conditions.
 These are cold storages where genes are
kept under controlled temperature and
humidity for storage; this is an important
way of preserving the genetic resources.

17. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
3. BOTANICAL GARDENS:
A botanical garden is a place where flowers,
fruits and vegetables are grown.
 The botanical gardens provide beauty and
calm environment.
 Most of them have started keeping exotic
plants for educational and research
purposes.

18. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
4. ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS:
In zoos, captivity and conservation of wild
animals (rare, endangered species).
. In world there are about 800 zoos.
The oldest zoo, which exists today also, was
established in VIENNA in 1759.
In India, the 1st zoo is in Chennai (formerly
known as madras zoo) formed in 1855.

19. REFERENCES:-
 WWW. SLIDE SHARE .COM
 WWW. PATH FINDER
 TEXT BOOK
 WWW. WIKIPEDIA . COM