The document discusses AIDS/HIV, including: 1) It summarizes what AIDS is, how it is caused by HIV, and its symptoms like immune deficiency and increased risk of infections and cancers. 2) It provides an overview of HIV testing methods, treatment which involves combination antiretroviral drug therapy, and prevention through condom use and education. 3) It notes the global impact of AIDS, efforts to raise awareness, and challenges faced in India where stigma and lack of access to treatment remain issues.

1. Know AIDS
For
NO AIDS
A SOCIAL AWARENESS
PROGRAM UNDERTAKEN
BY
- Umesh Gupta
- ROWMIKA RAVI

2. Introduction
• Acquired Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS), a clinic
al syndrome (a group of
various illnesses that
together characterize a
disease.)
• It results from damage to
the immune system
caused by infection with HIV-1 (in green) budding
the human from cultured lymphocyte.
immunodeficiency virus
(HIV).

3. • In HIV-
infected individuals,
there is a gradual loss
of immune cells (called
CD4+ T-lymphocytes)
and immune function.
• The mechanisms by
which HIV causes this
immune deficiency are
still not completely
understood, although
direct infection of HIV-1 attacking the CD4-
CD4+ T-lymphocytes lymphocytes
by HIV certainly plays
a role.

4. World’s AIDS map
Observations-
Most affected regions- USA, South Africa ,Eastern Africa, India
Severely affected regions- China , Russia, Brazil, Vietnam
Less affected regions –Australia, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan

5. Symptoms
• People with AIDS often have
systemic symptoms of infection
like fevers, sweats(particularly at
night), swollen glands, chills,
weakness, and weight loss.
• The symptoms of AIDS are
primarily the result of
conditions that do not normally
develop in individuals with
healthy immune systems.
• Most of these conditions are
infections caused by bacteria,
viruses, fungi and parasites.

6. Other symptom’s
 People with AIDS also have  Click to edit Master text styles
•  Second level
an increased risk of
 Third level
developing various cancers
 Fourth level
such as Kaposi’s sarcoma-  Fifth level
 High-grade B cell
lymphomas such as
Burkitt’s lymphoma
pictured left-

7. HIV tests (Diagnosis)
HIV antibody test-
• HIV antibody tests are the
most appropriate test for
routine diagnosis of HIV
among adults. Antibody tests
are inexpensive and very
accurate
• An HIV antibody test
looks for these antibodies
• When a person is infected with in blood, saliva or urine. If
HIV, their body responds by antibodies are detected, it
producing special proteins that means a person has been
fight infection, called infected with HIV.
antibodies.

8. PCR (Polymerase chain
reaction ) Test-
• A PCR test (Polymerase Chain
Reaction test) can detect the
genetic material of HIV rather
than the antibodies to the
virus, and so can identify HIV
in the blood within two or
three weeks of infection.
• But, they are very expensive A Human Immunodeficiency
and more complicated to Virus
(HIV) virus. In the middle of the
administer and interpret than virus is its viral genetic material.
a standard antibody test.

9. Treatment
• Drugs are not a cure, but
they can stop people from
becoming ill for many years.
• The treatment consists of
drugs that have to be taken
every day for the rest of a
person’s life.
These drugs are often known as –
• Some examples- • Antiretrovirals
• Anti-HIV drugs or Anti-AIDS
• Aptivus drugs
• Norvir • HIV antiviral drugs
• Atripla • ARVs

10. Combination Therapy
• Taking two or more
antiretroviral drugs at a time is
called combination therapy.
• If only one drug was taken, HIV
would quickly become resistant
to it.
• Taking two or more
antiretrovirals at the same time
vastly reduces the rate at which Antiretrovirals kept
resistance would develop, together in a box.
making treatment more
effective in the long term.

11. Prevention
• Globally, the most common
route of HIV transmission is
through sexual contact.
• The use of condoms is vital in
helping to prevent the sexual
transmission of HIV, the virus
that causes AIDS.
• Condoms also help to prevent
infection by STDs, such as “ AIDS: Your Problem,
gonorrhoea, Chlamydia, and Control With Condoms”.
hepatitis B. A road sign in Botswana.

12. Condom
A condom awareness
programme in Argentina.
A condom prevents the
transmission of AIDS
through the sexual contact

13. Such groups have helped
raise public awareness about
acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS), which
affects millions of people
worldwide.
These are some of the birth
control devices which
prevent the contact of the
egg and the sperm.

14. Many cases of HIV
transmission occurred through
contaminated blood and
transfusions which is
prevented by screening and
heat procedures.
HIV-infected mothers should avoid
breast-feeding their infant if
replacement feeding is acceptable,
feasible, affordable, sustainable and
safe

15. “ If our tears do not lead us to
act then we have lost the
reason of our humanity
which is compassion”
The Dalai Lama

16. Awareness Campaigns
• In 1990, HIV-infected
individuals were
included in the
Americans with
Disabilities Act so that
it became illegal to
discriminate against
such individuals for
jobs, housing, and other
social benefits.
The AIDS quilt travels on display to
promote public awareness of AIDS
• Sex education is now Each panel is individually designed
started in some schools and is dedicated to the memory of
to promote Sexual someone who has died of AIDS.
awareness.

17. Famous celebrities engaged in AIDS
Awareness
“Magic” Johnson Princess Diana Bill Clinton
“I'mgoing to beat it and I'm going to have
fun.”
- "Magic" Johnson - referring to his HIV-positive status.

18. AIDS in India
Less than 25% of HIV+ children in India have access to anti-
retroviral treatment
2.4 million people are living with HIV in India, therefore, having the
second highest HIV prevalence worldwide
India faces a different challenge with AIDS, largely in part to cultural
factors against discussion of sexual practices and the stigma and
discrimination associated with testing positive for HIV and rejection from
families
HIV/AIDS is driven by unsafe sex, sex workers and injecting drug users
Due to the large prevalence in India, there are more orphans than any
other country in the world
Orphans not only are they facing the emotional trauma of dealing with
the death of a parent but now have to worry about where their next meal
will come from, how they will get to school and who will raise their
siblings.

19. “History will judge us by how we
cared for our children, how we
protected the weak and the
powerless. Civilization is
determined by our love”
Albert Einstein