The document discusses the choice between an air cooled condenser (ACC) and a wet surface air condenser (WSAC) for use in the cooling section of a steam Rankine power generation cycle. A WSAC generates more power than an ACC but requires makeup water, while an ACC does not use water. The economics of each option are evaluated by comparing the value of additional power generated by a WSAC to the cost of the required makeup water. Key factors influencing the choice such as thermodynamics, performance, economics, and project development considerations are reviewed.
The Effect of Flow Rate on Heat Transfer from a Solar Water HeaterEmily Skibenes
Determine optimal flow rate for maximum heat transfer from a solar water heater
Determine the efficiency of the solar water heater
Develop a predictive model for the solar water heater
The Role of Thermal Potential in Enhancing Energy ProductivityYale Carden
As presented at All Energy Conference in Melbourne on 5 October 2016
In the renewable energy sector, electrical (energy) potential determines the design of renewable power systems (ie solar, wind etc) at any given location. Similarly, thermal (energy) potential relates to the available thermal energy in a given location that can be utilised for heating / cooling a building or group of buildings.
This presentation explores how the concept of thermal potential can increase the efficiency of heating / cooling systems and thus enhance energy productivity in terms of increased value output per kW generated and per tonne of carbon emitted.
Thermal Potential in the Built EnvironmentYale Carden
HVAC systems have traditionally used the local ambient air (heating and cooling) or fossil fuels (predominantly heating through combustion) as their heat source and heat sink. Thermal storage is still a relatively new application and typically requires large volumes of water or ice.
This paper explores the available thermal potential within the built environment and how the utilisation of this thermal potential can provide efficient heating, cooling and hot water as well as thermal storage. In some instances, this may be the local ambient air, less likely it will be fossil fuels.
More likely, it includes the thermal potential within the ground, water bodies and infrastructure such as subways, water, sewer, building foundations and other buildings as well as artificial thermal storage such as phase change materials.
The key is to identify the optimal thermal sources, sinks and storages for a given building at a given location and climate. Then, an integrated approach using optimised control strategies, including predictive capabilities, will enable a building to access these various thermal sources at the thermally optimal time to provide significant energy savings and enhanced operation.
Such an integrated approach also maximises the availability of on-site renewable power generation, further increasing energy savings, decreasing the typical cooling peak demand and increasing energy productivity.
The Effect of Flow Rate on Heat Transfer from a Solar Water HeaterEmily Skibenes
Determine optimal flow rate for maximum heat transfer from a solar water heater
Determine the efficiency of the solar water heater
Develop a predictive model for the solar water heater
The Role of Thermal Potential in Enhancing Energy ProductivityYale Carden
As presented at All Energy Conference in Melbourne on 5 October 2016
In the renewable energy sector, electrical (energy) potential determines the design of renewable power systems (ie solar, wind etc) at any given location. Similarly, thermal (energy) potential relates to the available thermal energy in a given location that can be utilised for heating / cooling a building or group of buildings.
This presentation explores how the concept of thermal potential can increase the efficiency of heating / cooling systems and thus enhance energy productivity in terms of increased value output per kW generated and per tonne of carbon emitted.
Thermal Potential in the Built EnvironmentYale Carden
HVAC systems have traditionally used the local ambient air (heating and cooling) or fossil fuels (predominantly heating through combustion) as their heat source and heat sink. Thermal storage is still a relatively new application and typically requires large volumes of water or ice.
This paper explores the available thermal potential within the built environment and how the utilisation of this thermal potential can provide efficient heating, cooling and hot water as well as thermal storage. In some instances, this may be the local ambient air, less likely it will be fossil fuels.
More likely, it includes the thermal potential within the ground, water bodies and infrastructure such as subways, water, sewer, building foundations and other buildings as well as artificial thermal storage such as phase change materials.
The key is to identify the optimal thermal sources, sinks and storages for a given building at a given location and climate. Then, an integrated approach using optimised control strategies, including predictive capabilities, will enable a building to access these various thermal sources at the thermally optimal time to provide significant energy savings and enhanced operation.
Such an integrated approach also maximises the availability of on-site renewable power generation, further increasing energy savings, decreasing the typical cooling peak demand and increasing energy productivity.
Using the Ground for Thermal Energy Storage: The Experience of the Riverina H...Yale Carden
All buildings interact with the ground for its ability to support their foundations. However, very few buildings interact with the ground for its ability to provide thermal energy storage. We have all experienced the moderate temperatures within a cave at depths of just a few metres. These temperatures are a function of average annual air temperature and are the result of the ground absorbing and storing solar energy. The use of this indirect and renewable solar energy can provide significant energy savings for heating and cooling systems.
A Ground Heat Exchanger (GHX) provides the ability to utilise the ground for thermal energy storage, essentially transforming the ground into a thermal battery. It enables us to extract heat from it in winter (heat source) and return that heat in summer (heat sink). It is a dynamic thermal battery that operates both simultaneously and over the annual heating / cooling cycle.
This presentation will provide an overview of how the ground is being utilised for its thermal energy storage capabilities around the world, with focus on a local installation at the Tumut Council owned Riverina Highlands Building, located in Tumut NSW. The installation has provided Council with energy savings on heating and cooling of 80 %, reduced peak energy loads by 40%, reduced maintenance costs and, importantly, provided significantly higher levels of occupant comfort. This has also increased the capacity and effectiveness of the concurrently installed solar PV array and will ensure that future solar energy storage will have greater impact.
Small Council, Big Vision, Bigger Savings - AIRAH Pre-loved Buildings 2014Yale Carden
Presentation showing the incredible energy savings potential of geoexchange / ground source heat pumps for heating and cooling commercial buildings. This presentation was delivered at the AIRAH Pre-loved Buildings Conference in Brisbane, Australia in October 2014.
Titled Small Council, Big Vision, Bigger Savings, it takes the audience on the journey of this project from initial concept through to completion. It discussed both the incredible energy and dollar savings while also addresses the importance of the project team and their importance in delivering what was a truly great project.
Geoexchange and Thermal Potential at GeoscienceYale Carden
Geoscience Australia was one of the original geoexchange
or GSHP systems in Australia. Now over 20 years old, the building recently hosted an information session on electrification of heating and cooling in the ACT. Speakers included ACT Government representative as well as this presentation on thermal potential and the role of renewable thermal energy in the removal of thermal gas from our buildings.
Performance optimization assessment for a proper heat pump technology functio...Premier Publishers
This investigation represents a thermodynamic assessment of thermal performance optimization for a proper heat pump technology suitable for district hot water production at (60-65) °C. The clean energy sources integrated with environment friendly refrigerants were studied to optimize and validate the use of Cascade heat pump technology at various configurations. Three pure, R744, R600a and R134a, and one azeotropic mixture R410A refrigerants were circulated at different cycle arrangements. Two Cascade systems (Three Cycles), single Cascade system (Two Cycles), and compound Cascade system (Three Cycles) were proposed for the present assessment. The low temperature cycle operated at evaporator temperature of (-15 to -2) °C and the high temperature condenser was set at a temperature of (70) °C. The single Cascade heat pump circulating R410A/R134a and the two Cascade R410A/R717/R134a systems showed the best heating coefficient of performance (COP). The former refrigerant pair exhibited higher heating (COP) than that of the latter by (3.6-5) % calculated at (22.5) °C low temperature cycle intermediate temperature for the whole range of test conditions. The lowest (COP) was experienced by the two Cascade heat pump technology circulating R744/R717/R134a and R744/R717/R600a refrigerant pairs. The compound Cascade heat pump is definitely a promising option for low temperature heat source technology on the long term basis due to its low running cost for heating load generation. The heating (COP) showed a range of (2 to 2.7) at (70 %) compressor isentropic efficiency according to the system type, refrigerant pair and operating conditions considered in the present work. Any improvement for the compressor isentropic efficiency provides a valuable augmentation for the heating (COP) of the Cascade heat pump.
Genesys ECO Solutions, LLC is a proud distributor of the TOP-ECO Refrigeration Activation Device that will help companies save money and power by efficiency.
Year 2006 - Based on the broad practical experience of Laborelec, this presentation explains in a comprehensive way how cooling works by looking at the different techniques used. A large part of the presentation addresses energy saving opportunities, which can be realized at the production, distribution and use of industrial cooling.
The Friends of NELHA presented a 3 part workshop called Energy Efficiency and Auditing Workshop in Hawaii. This slideshow presentation by Dr. Roderick Hinman is the first section which discusses what electricity is, how it is measured, and how you can measure the electrical loads of each appliance in your home to make decisions that can save on your home electric bill.
Using the Ground for Thermal Energy Storage: The Experience of the Riverina H...Yale Carden
All buildings interact with the ground for its ability to support their foundations. However, very few buildings interact with the ground for its ability to provide thermal energy storage. We have all experienced the moderate temperatures within a cave at depths of just a few metres. These temperatures are a function of average annual air temperature and are the result of the ground absorbing and storing solar energy. The use of this indirect and renewable solar energy can provide significant energy savings for heating and cooling systems.
A Ground Heat Exchanger (GHX) provides the ability to utilise the ground for thermal energy storage, essentially transforming the ground into a thermal battery. It enables us to extract heat from it in winter (heat source) and return that heat in summer (heat sink). It is a dynamic thermal battery that operates both simultaneously and over the annual heating / cooling cycle.
This presentation will provide an overview of how the ground is being utilised for its thermal energy storage capabilities around the world, with focus on a local installation at the Tumut Council owned Riverina Highlands Building, located in Tumut NSW. The installation has provided Council with energy savings on heating and cooling of 80 %, reduced peak energy loads by 40%, reduced maintenance costs and, importantly, provided significantly higher levels of occupant comfort. This has also increased the capacity and effectiveness of the concurrently installed solar PV array and will ensure that future solar energy storage will have greater impact.
Small Council, Big Vision, Bigger Savings - AIRAH Pre-loved Buildings 2014Yale Carden
Presentation showing the incredible energy savings potential of geoexchange / ground source heat pumps for heating and cooling commercial buildings. This presentation was delivered at the AIRAH Pre-loved Buildings Conference in Brisbane, Australia in October 2014.
Titled Small Council, Big Vision, Bigger Savings, it takes the audience on the journey of this project from initial concept through to completion. It discussed both the incredible energy and dollar savings while also addresses the importance of the project team and their importance in delivering what was a truly great project.
Geoexchange and Thermal Potential at GeoscienceYale Carden
Geoscience Australia was one of the original geoexchange
or GSHP systems in Australia. Now over 20 years old, the building recently hosted an information session on electrification of heating and cooling in the ACT. Speakers included ACT Government representative as well as this presentation on thermal potential and the role of renewable thermal energy in the removal of thermal gas from our buildings.
Performance optimization assessment for a proper heat pump technology functio...Premier Publishers
This investigation represents a thermodynamic assessment of thermal performance optimization for a proper heat pump technology suitable for district hot water production at (60-65) °C. The clean energy sources integrated with environment friendly refrigerants were studied to optimize and validate the use of Cascade heat pump technology at various configurations. Three pure, R744, R600a and R134a, and one azeotropic mixture R410A refrigerants were circulated at different cycle arrangements. Two Cascade systems (Three Cycles), single Cascade system (Two Cycles), and compound Cascade system (Three Cycles) were proposed for the present assessment. The low temperature cycle operated at evaporator temperature of (-15 to -2) °C and the high temperature condenser was set at a temperature of (70) °C. The single Cascade heat pump circulating R410A/R134a and the two Cascade R410A/R717/R134a systems showed the best heating coefficient of performance (COP). The former refrigerant pair exhibited higher heating (COP) than that of the latter by (3.6-5) % calculated at (22.5) °C low temperature cycle intermediate temperature for the whole range of test conditions. The lowest (COP) was experienced by the two Cascade heat pump technology circulating R744/R717/R134a and R744/R717/R600a refrigerant pairs. The compound Cascade heat pump is definitely a promising option for low temperature heat source technology on the long term basis due to its low running cost for heating load generation. The heating (COP) showed a range of (2 to 2.7) at (70 %) compressor isentropic efficiency according to the system type, refrigerant pair and operating conditions considered in the present work. Any improvement for the compressor isentropic efficiency provides a valuable augmentation for the heating (COP) of the Cascade heat pump.
Genesys ECO Solutions, LLC is a proud distributor of the TOP-ECO Refrigeration Activation Device that will help companies save money and power by efficiency.
Year 2006 - Based on the broad practical experience of Laborelec, this presentation explains in a comprehensive way how cooling works by looking at the different techniques used. A large part of the presentation addresses energy saving opportunities, which can be realized at the production, distribution and use of industrial cooling.
The Friends of NELHA presented a 3 part workshop called Energy Efficiency and Auditing Workshop in Hawaii. This slideshow presentation by Dr. Roderick Hinman is the first section which discusses what electricity is, how it is measured, and how you can measure the electrical loads of each appliance in your home to make decisions that can save on your home electric bill.
Kadena USAF Air Base, Okinawa, Japan; Waste To Energy Feasibility StudyJeffrey Riegle
This is the finding report that our team created for the Kadena USAF Air Base, Okinawa, Japan; Waste To Energy Feasibility Study. It looked at three different technologies: Incineration, Plasma Gasification, and Anaerobic Digestion. Lots of good information, and more backup can be found in the report.
Provided technical input, peer review, environmental, and project oversight for a feasibility study to evaluate incineration, plasma gasification, and anaerobic digestion as waste to energy technologies on the island of Okinawa, Japan. Each technology was evaluated for technical feasibility with the current waste stream at KAB, potential energy generation and uses, cost and payback, and potential environmental issues.
Based on this evaluation, a Waste-to-Energy Feasibility Assessment Report was prepared for KAB. This report discusses the feasibility of each of these waste-to-energy technologies, evaluates environmental permitting issues for each technology, recommends uses for generated energy (electricity, steam, etc.), and discusses life cycle costs and payback. Recommendations were made regarding the preferred waste-to-energy technology for implementation at KAB.
Presentation from the New Mexico Regional Energy Storage & Grid Integration Workshop: Optimized Integration of PV with Battery Storage: A Real World Success Story, presented by Jon Hawkins, PNM
This webinar in the Water business’ Essential Insights series discusses approaches to energy efficiency and resource recovery, including industry initiatives, innovations and case studies.
Turbine Inlet Air Cooling (TIAC) - Case Studies - Economics - Performance - C...Salman Haider
Efficiency Enhancement of a Gas Turbine in Hot climate conditions. Design strategies and technology varieties. Detailed Case Studies of TIAC equipped power plants, economic and performance analysis. Study of Climate effect on GT Performance in three different locations.
Factory Infrastructure for PV ManufacturingM+W Group
At this year's intersolar North America show, M+W's Ankush Halbe, Technology Director Renewable Energy, presented the latest PV capacity drivers as well as successfully proven fab design concepts opportunities complying with the environmental and security requirements.
The demand of power is increasing exponentially results in installation of new stations whereas the sources of water are depreciating acutely. In future there may be a situation in which water sources may not cope up with this requirement.
Also the serious concerns of the regulatory authorities regarding usage of natural resources, definitely the norms will be further be tightened, which will curtail the freedom of usage of water in power plant.
In present scenario land acquisition is one of the toughest hurdles in plant installations which can be averted by locating stations in water scarce regions, by employing air cooled system which eliminates dependencies on water for CW.
Although dry cooling systems are costly technologies on techno-economic considerations, but foreseeing the future it is the need of hour to employ dry cooling system which offers possible solution for power plant installation eliminating the above mentioned challenges.
1115161Wind Power Now, Tomorrow C.P. (Case) .docxpaynetawnya
11/15/16
1
Wind Power:
Now, Tomorrow
C.P. (Case) van Dam
EME-1
Mechanical Engineering
November 14, 2016
How does it function?
11/15/16
2
Wind Turbine Power
• The amount of power generated by a turbine depends on the power in
the wind and the efficiency of the turbine:
• Power in wind
• Efficiency or Power Coefficient, Cp:
– Rotor (Conversion of wind power to mechanical power)
– Gearbox (Change in rpm)
– Generator & Inverter (Conversion of mechanical power to electrical power)
Power
Turbine
!
"#
$
%&
=
Efficiency
Factor
!
"#
$
%&
×
Power
Wind
!
"#
$
%&
P
w
= 1
2
ρA
d
V
w
3
Basic Rotor Performance
(Momentum Theory)
Wind speed, Vw
Air density, ρ
Disk area, Ad
Power in wind, Pw = 1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad
Maximum rotor power, P = 16/27 Pw
Rotor efficiency, Cp = P / Pw
Betz limit, max Cp = 16/27 = 59.3%
11/15/16
3
Region 4
• Region 1
Turbine is stopped or
starting up
• Region 2
Efficiency maximized
by maintaining
optimum rotor RPM
(for variable speed
turbine)
• Region 3
Power limited through
blade pitch
• Region 4
Turbine is stopped
due to high winds
(loads)
HAWT Power Characteristics
Johnson et al (2005)
• Peak Cp at TSR = 9
• This Cp is maintained in Region II of power curve by controlling rotor RPM
• In Region III power is controlled by changing blade pitch.
HAWT Cp-TSR Curve
Jackson (2005)
11/15/16
4
• Cp = Protor / (1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad)
• Solidity = Blade Area / Ad
• TSR = Tip Speed / Vw
• High power efficiency for
rotors with low solidity and
high TSR
• Darrieus (VAWT) is less
efficient than HAWT
Efficiency of Various Rotor
Designs
Butterfield (2008)
Cp
Tip Speed Ratio TSR = π D RPM / (60 Vw)
kidwind.org
C.P. van Dam
Dutch Mill
16th century
Water pumping, Grinding materials/grain
W. Gretz, DOE/NREL
Persian grain mill
9th century
American Multi-blade
19th century
Water pumping - irrigation
Brush Mill
1888
First wind turbine
12 kW
17 m rotor diameter
Charles F. Brush Special Collection,
Case Western Reserve University
telos.net/wind
Gedser Mill
1956, Denmark
Forerunner to modern wind
turbines
11/15/16
5
Evolution of U.S. Utility-Scale
Wind Turbine Technology
NREL
Wind Turbine Scale-Up and Impact on Cost
U.S. DOE, Wind Vision, March 2015
• Scale-up has been effective in reducing cost but uncertain if this trend can continue
11/15/16
6
Modern Wind
Turbines
• 1.0-3.0 MW
• Wind speeds: 3-25 m/s
– Rated power at 11-12 m/s
• Rotor
– Lift driven
– 3 blades
– Upwind
– Full blade pitch
– 70–120 m diameter
– 5-20 RPM
– Fiberglass, some carbon fiber
• Active yaw
• Steel tubular tower
• Installed in plants/farms of 100-200 MW
• ~40% capacity factor
– 1.5 MW wind turbine would generate
about 5,250,000 kWh per year
– Average household in California uses
about 6,000 kWh per year
Vestas
V90-3.0
MW
11/15/16
7
Technical Specificat ...
Brandon Milar, P.E., Director of Technical Services for CalAPA, delivers a technical presentation on Warm Mix Asphalt standards and technology at the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo, April 12-13, 2017 in Ontario, Calif.
Chris Allwein spoke to the OCTC Annual Conference on May 3, 2016, about the legal requirements behind energy efficiency and the benefits for both provider and customer.
Also included are presentations by Jon Williams on AEP Ohio Energy Efficiency and Energy Management Solutions, given by Gary Swanson.
Klaas visser 2016 04-05 energy benefits of ac mt lt refrig in supermarkets -...
AIChE2016 Chicago FINAL
1. March 4, 2016 | 1
Valuing Water in Rankine Cycle Power Generation
Suresh Jambunathan,
Director of Business Development
Veolia North America
Cell: 630-335-4544
E-mail: Suresh.Jambunathan@veolia.com
March 4th, 2016
Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
10 W. 33rd St; Herman Hall
Chicago, IL 60616
2. March 4, 2016 | 2
Learning Outcomes & today’s Agenda
• Optimize lifecycle value by carefully contemplating the cooling section of a Steam Rankine power
generation cycle.
• Choose between Air Cooled Condensers and a Wet Surface Air Condenser (WSAC) by comparing the
cost of water versus the value of incremental power generated with a WSAC.
AGENDA
• Introduction to Veolia
• ACC Vs. WSAC :
• Fundamental thermodynamics
• Performance
Economics
• Project Development
3. March 4, 2016 | 2
Learning Outcomes & today’s Agenda
• Optimize lifecycle value by carefully contemplating the cooling section of a Steam Rankine power
generation cycle.
• Choose between Air Cooled Condensers and a Wet Surface Air Condenser (WSAC) by comparing the
cost of water versus the value of incremental power generated with a WSAC.
AGENDA
• Introduction to Veolia
• ACC Vs. WSAC :
• Fundamental thermodynamics
• Performance
Economics
• Project Development
4. March 4, 2016 | 2
Learning Outcomes & today’s Agenda
• Optimize lifecycle value by carefully contemplating the cooling section of a Steam Rankine power
generation cycle.
• Choose between Air Cooled Condensers and a Wet Surface Air Condenser (WSAC) by comparing the
cost of water versus the value of incremental power generated with a WSAC.
AGENDA
• Introduction to Veolia
• ACC Vs. WSAC :
• Fundamental thermodynamics
• Performance
Economics
• Project Development
5. March 4, 2016 | 5
Selected headlines
• Global warming is a problem …. Unless you live above the Arctic Circle.
• Hotter & drier weather with more intense rainfall
• Impact of water used in thermo-electric power generation ?
• “Clean” versus “dirty” power
6. March 4, 2016 | 6
Basics: Steam Rankine cycle is proven power generation technology
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/upasana_panigrahi/thermodynamics-of-power-plant
Choice of condenser? Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) or Wet Surface Air Condenser (WSAC)
7. March 4, 2016 | 7
Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) vs. Wet Surface Air Condenser (WSAC)
http://www.niagarablower.com
PARAMETER ACC WSAC
Turbine Power Less More
Cooling Water No Yes
Footprint 4X X
Parasitic power 3X X
Weight 3X X
Installed CapEx higher lower
ACC WSAC
8. March 4, 2016 | 8
Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) vs. Wet Surface Air Condenser (WSAC)
ACC
Thermodynamics
WSAC
PARAMETER ACC WSAC
Cooling
water?
No Yes
Exit air
Humidity
Unchanged Increased
Steam
temperature
approaches
Dry bulb
temp
Wet bulb
temp
Exhaust
steam
pressure
Higher Lower
Vacuum Weaker Stronger
Power Lower Higher
9. March 4, 2016 | 9
ACC vs. WSAC: condenser vacuum impacts power generated
PARAMETER UNIT VALUE COMMENT PERFORMANCE COMPARISON
Dry bulb temp, Tdb F 100 OK PARAMETER UNIT ACC WSAC
Wet bulb temp, Tw b F 50 OK STG: Power MW 9.1 11.2
Air: Approach to Tdb F 40 ACC only Parasitic Power MW (0.5) (0.2)
CW: Approach to Tw b F 10 WSAC System: Net Power MW 8.6 11.0
STG: Inlet throttle steam
Flow Kpph 100 Make-up water, M gpm - 217
psig 750 513 F, Tsat ∆T or LMTD F 18 10
Temperature F 750 OK
Isentropic Eff; ήisen % 75%
Gear-Gen Eff; ήgear-gen % 95% typical
10. March 4, 2016 | 10
Power (ACC vs. WSAC) tracks Bulb temperature (dry vs. wet) difference
11. March 4, 2016 | 11
WSAC: more power, but needs make-up water to vaporize away heat
12. March 4, 2016 | 12
Economics: simplified assumptions: sensitivities
INPUT UNIT VALUE COMMENT OUTPUT UNIT VALUE
Cost of water $/Kgal $3 assumed Value of power $/yr $703,230
Value of Power $/MWh $55 assumed less Cost of water $/yr $286,382
Operational gain / loss $/yr $416,848
System availability % 95% assumed Make-up water MMGpy 95.5
Incremental electricity MWh/yr 12,786
13. March 4, 2016 | 13
Economics: Operational net zero: value of power cancels cost of water
ACC operationally profitable above the line
WSAC operationally profitable below the line
INPUT UNIT VALUE COMMENT OUTPUT UNIT VALUE
Cost of water $/Kgal $3 assumed Value of power $/yr $703,230
Value of Power $/MWh $55 assumed less Cost of water $/yr $286,382
Operational gain / loss $/yr $416,848
System availability % 95% assumed Make-up water MMGpy 95.5
Incremental electricity MWh/yr 12,786
14. March 4, 2016 | 14
Project development: common sense and diligence
1. Set objectives & gather data
2. Conceptualize alternate configurations: technical & economic appraisal
3. Project development
Technical: Configuration, engineering, procurement, construction
Legal: Structure of contracting entities (LLC, S or C Corp etc…)
Commercial: Contracts for fuel, power, O&M, grants & incentives
Environmental: Permits
Financial: Financial models, equity & debt
Risks & Mitigants: Project Execution Plan (PEP)
We optimize utility services from “plain” O&M to full spectrum Design-Build-Own-Operate & Maintain.
We provide services spanning concept development (FEL1) to post-project (FEL5) Operations & Maintenance.
15. March 4, 2016 | 15
Suresh Jambunathan,
Director of Business Development
Veolia North America
Cell: 630-335-4544
E-mail: Suresh.Jambunathan@veolia.com
Questions?