The document discusses advancements in catalytic reformer heaters, emphasizing the use of split flow technology to enhance refinery operations while maintaining lower pressure drops and costs. It outlines conventional approaches to increasing capacity and highlights the drawbacks, advocating for flexible split flow technology as a more efficient and cost-effective solution. Two case studies illustrate the efficiency and capacity improvements achieved through this new method.

1. www.heatflux.com
Improving Catalytic Reformer Heaters
Using New Technologies
Ashutosh Garg
Furnace Improvements Services
www.heatflux.com
FIS Patented

2. Catalytic Reforming Units
Catalytic Reforming Unit is an important unit in most
refineries
It converts Straight Run Naphtha from Low Octane to
High Octane in Presence of Hydrogen
The reaction occurs in the presence of catalyst.
The reaction is endothermic in nature.
The reaction is carried out in 3 or 4 stage reactors.
Feed needs to be heated in the charge heater and then to
the interheaters before reactors.
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3. Catalytic reforming units initially
operated at very high pressure and
over the last 50 years the pressure has
gradually reduced from 1000 psig to
almost 50 psig.
Feed volume increases substantially
as the pressure goes down.
Typical pressure drop across each
stage is only 3-4 psi.
Pressure drop is very critical as it
determines recycle gas compressors.
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4. Catalytic Reforming Heaters
Most of the heaters have charge in the radiant
section only
 Inlet all vapor, large manifolds provided
 Low pressure drop required, multiple passes
 High inlet temperature 850-900 F, outlet temperature-
950-1050 F
Convection section has waste heat recovery
 Mostly steam generation –bfw preheating, steam
generation and steam superheater
 Some have stripper and stabilizer reboilers coils
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5. Construction
Most heaters are natural draft
configuration
Tall stack providing draft in the
radiant section
Air preheating also installed in
some heaters
Typical heat flux
15,000-20,000 Btu/hr.ft2
Tubes are single fired or double
fired
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Convection Section
Stack
Damper

6. Most Clients
want to
Increase
Heater Duty
Clients are want to increase the
capacity of their units
Increase in charge rate means increase
of pressure drop in the heater
Limited in pressure drop and cannot
push more charge
Limited in firing rate/permit limit
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7. Conventional Approach
Increase tube size to reduce pressure drop
Upgrade tube metallurgy to increase TMT limits
Both options require complete radiant section
retubing including manifold
Increase heat transfer area in radiant section
 Extend existing radiant section
 Add new radiant section
Both these options are extremely expensive
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Process Feed In
Process Feed Out
Waste Heat
Recovery Unit
1,600°F
750°F
250°F
750°F
1000°F

8. Conventional Approach to Increasing Capacity
 Extend radiant cell and add more radiant coils & burners
 Provide additional radiant cells with new coils and burners
H-20
H-21
H-22
H-20
(NEW)
H-21
(NEW)
H-21
(NEW)
H-20 H-21 H-22
www.heatflux.com

9. Drawbacks of
Conventional
Approach
Real estate
requirement
New burners
& associated
changes
New civil
foundation
work
Higher firing
rates
Draft
limitation
Very High cost
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10. Split Flow* Fired Heater
www.heatflux.com10
*Patented
Feed In Feed Out
450 °F 600 °F
Radiant Section
Convection
Section - I
1,650 °FFlue gas 3,200 °FFlue gas
1,650 °FFlue gas
500 °F
Convection
Section- II
750 °FFlue gas
Flue gas
Flue gas
Split Flow in
Split Flow out
450 °F 600 °F
500 °F

11. Reformer Heater - Split Flow
Radiant Section
 Parallel Passes
 Heat 70% of process feed
Convection Section
 Heat 30% of Process Feed
 Waste heat recover
• HC Reboiler
• Steam Generation Service
 Pressure drop is maintained
11
Process Feed In Process Feed Out
Split
Flow in
Split Flow Out
Waste Heat
Recovery Unit
1,600°F
1,100°F
250°F
400°F

12. Reformer Heater – Flexible Split Flow
Radiant Section
 Parallel Passes
 Heat 70% + of process feed
Convection Section
 Heat up to 30% of Process Feed
 Waste heat recovery
• HC Reboiler
• Steam Generation Service
Pressure drop is kept same even
at increased charge rate.
www.heatflux.com
Split Flow with Flexibility

13. Split Flow Technology - Advantages
Low Cost Solution for:
 Increasing Capacity
 Improving Efficiency
Lower Pressure Drop
Lower Revamping Cost
Flexible Operation
 Maximum Process Duty
 Maximum Steam Generation
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14. Case Study 1
Three stage catalytic reformer ( reactor) unit
First cell – Feed heater, Rest 3 cells- interheater
Feed- Mixture of Naphtha and Recycle gas
Inlet Temperature- 842-990 °F
Outlet Temperature-1010 °F
Inlet Pressure-231 psig
Outlet Pressure- 228 psig
Pressure drop /stage- 3 psi
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15. Revamp Objectives
Improve Efficiency
 Stack temperature was 1100 ºF
 No steam generation
 No air preheater
Gas prices touched
$10/MSCF
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16. Arrangement - Original Heater
Process flow before revamp
StackStackStack
Stabilizer
Btms
Stabilizer
Btms
Stripper Btms
Stripper Btms
To Plat. RX To Plat. RX
From Plat. RX.
To Plat. RX
From Plat. RX
Stripper Btms
From Plat.
RX
To Plat. RX
Stripper Btms
BURNERS
428°F
840°F
459°F
1010°F
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17. Reformer Heater Conventional
Revamp
Increase heat transfer surface in
convection section
Pressure drop – more than twice
of existing
Large size piping requirement
Larger convection sections
Increased stack height
High cost ($6 Million) Reformer Heater
www.heatflux.com

18. Split-Flow Arrangement
Split Flow Technology Design
StackStackStack
Burners
#1 In
#1 Out
In
#2 In
#2 Out
#3 In
#3 Out
#4 In
#4 Out
In
Out
Out
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19. Heater Data Comparison
Heater after revamp
Reformer Heater Data Comparison
Item Units Before After
Capacity BPD 18,500 24,000
Heat Duty MMBtu/hr 158 194.5
Heat release MMBtu/hr 234 225
Stack temp. °F 1,092 478
Efficiency % 67.5 86.6
Fuel savings $/annum 5.8 Million
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20. Case Study-2
Process heating-all Radiant
Steam Generation in Convection
Natural Draft
Firing rates were very high
Heater efficiency lower than design
value by 10% to 15%
Stack temperature -650℉ (320 ℉
higher than design)
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21. Radiant Section
3 Cells
52/56/48 tubes in cells 1/2/3
P22 tubes
Inverted U tubes
Single fired design
Bottom inlet/outlet
2.5 inch tubes at 5 inch pitch
Total -23 Burners (7 , 9 and 7 in cell 1/2/3)
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22. Convection Section
Steam Generator Bank
BFW Preheater Bank
Steam Generation: 53,650 lbs/hr@300 psig
8 tubes per row
Eleven rows
Two future rows
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23. Revamp Objectives
Increase heater capacity from 12,000 to
18,000 BPD
Improve thermal efficiency
Maintain NOx emissions
Improve Reliability
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24. Proposed Process Heat Duties (MMBtu/hr)
at 18000 BPD
Heater Section
Existing Heat
Duty
Proposed
Duty
Extra Duty
Required
70-H-1 27.7 37.5 9.8
70-H-2 33.4 44.7 11.3
70-H-3 22.9 30.9 8.0
Stem Gen. 51.6 47.8 -
Total Process 84 113.1 29.1
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25. Split Flow for 70-H-1/70-H-2/70-H-3
70-H-1- 2 Bare Rows
70-H-2- 2 Finned Rows
70-H-3 – 2 Finned Rows
TFG = 1,717℉
TFG = 1,300℉
TFG = 350℉
TFG = 1,717℉www.heatflux.com

26. Final Revamp – Split Flow Control Scheme
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27. Proposed Revamp Solution
Lower Pressure drop in all heaters
 Allowable : 5 psi
 Calculated : 2-4 psi
No Modification to existing Radiant cells
Reduced Average Heat Flux
Lower Firing Rate – 180 MMBtu /hr
Lower Volumetric Heat Release
More efficient system - 89%
Flexibility to increase duty further
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28. Flexible Split Flow Technology
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29. Proposed Scheme Advantages
25-30% process feed of Cells 1 & 2 is heated in split flow coils
Heater to be operated at two modes:
 Normal operation/Maximum process absorbed duties
 Dry run operation/Maximum steam generation
To maximize steam production, process absorbed duties reduced
Split flow coils are run dry to shift convection heat duties for steam
generation
It gives flexibility in steam production and process duties as per
requirement
No change in firing rates
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30. General Advantages of FIS
Flexible Split Flow Technology
Improved Capacity and Flexible Operation
Higher Efficiency
Lower Pressure Drop (process)
Lower Firing Rate
Lower Fire Box Temperatures
Lower Radiant Heat Fluxes
Lower TMT
Lower Turnaround Time
Lower Installation Cost
www.heatflux.com
www.heatflux.com

31. Furnace Improvement Services Inc.
Low Cost Solutions for Fired Heaters and Boilers
1600 Hwy 6 South Ste. 480
Sugar Land, TX 77479
Tel: (281) 980-0325
www.heatflux.com
Thank you very much.
Questions and Comments are welcome.