This document provides an introduction to artificial intelligence. It outlines topics that will be covered, including problems and search, knowledge representation, and machine learning. It then discusses definitions of AI, the foundations of AI in fields like philosophy and psychology. A brief history of AI is presented, from its origins in the 1940s to current state-of-the-art capabilities like game playing and robotics. Different task domains for AI are listed. The document concludes with exercises analyzing definitions of artificial intelligence.
A very first dip into the Ocean of Artificial Intelligence. The nuances of AI, its origin and meaning, terms related, technologies used, AI Effect, remarkable examples and discoveries, Explained Simply!
The Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, The History of
Artificial Intelligence, and the State of the Art. Intelligent Agents: Introduction, How Agents
should Act, Structure of Intelligent Agents, Environments. Solving Problems by Searching:
problem-solving Agents, Formulating problems, Example problems, and searching for Solutions,
Search Strategies, Avoiding Repeated States, and Constraint Satisfaction Search. Informed
Search Methods: Best-First Search, Heuristic Functions, Memory Bounded Search, and Iterative
Improvement Algorithms.
The English translation of the content presented at the joint meeting of
Research Meeting for Embodied Approach
http://www.geocities.jp/body_of_knowledge/
and
Meta-theoretical Studies of Mind Science
http://www.isc.meiji.ac.jp/~ishikawa/kokoro.html
on July 11th, 2015.
Ref. Phenomenology of Artefacts
http://rondelionai.blogspot.jp/2014/02/phenomenology-of-artefacts.html
The Japanese (original) version: https://www.slideshare.net/naoyaarakawa39/201507-50448060
A very first dip into the Ocean of Artificial Intelligence. The nuances of AI, its origin and meaning, terms related, technologies used, AI Effect, remarkable examples and discoveries, Explained Simply!
The Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, The History of
Artificial Intelligence, and the State of the Art. Intelligent Agents: Introduction, How Agents
should Act, Structure of Intelligent Agents, Environments. Solving Problems by Searching:
problem-solving Agents, Formulating problems, Example problems, and searching for Solutions,
Search Strategies, Avoiding Repeated States, and Constraint Satisfaction Search. Informed
Search Methods: Best-First Search, Heuristic Functions, Memory Bounded Search, and Iterative
Improvement Algorithms.
The English translation of the content presented at the joint meeting of
Research Meeting for Embodied Approach
http://www.geocities.jp/body_of_knowledge/
and
Meta-theoretical Studies of Mind Science
http://www.isc.meiji.ac.jp/~ishikawa/kokoro.html
on July 11th, 2015.
Ref. Phenomenology of Artefacts
http://rondelionai.blogspot.jp/2014/02/phenomenology-of-artefacts.html
The Japanese (original) version: https://www.slideshare.net/naoyaarakawa39/201507-50448060
History of AI, Current Trends, Prospective TrajectoriesGiovanni Sileno
Talk given at the 2nd Winter Academy on Artificial Intelligence and International Law of the Asser Institute. The birth of AI: Dartmouth workshop. The biggest AI waves: classic symbolic AI (reasoning, knowledge systems, problem-solving), machine learning (induction). Current problems: explainability, trustworthyness, impact and transformation on society and people, the rise of artificially dumber systems.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
2. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
2
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Problems and Search
3. Knowledge Representation
4. Advanced Topics
- Game Playing
- Uncertainty and Imprecision
- Planning
- Machine Learning
3. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
3
References
• A Modern Approach Artificial Intelligence
Russell, Norvig. Second Ed, Pearson Education.
• Artificial Intelligence (1991)
Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, Second Ed, Tata McGraw Hill
4. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
4
Introduction
• What is AI?
• The foundations of AI
• A brief history of AI
• The state of the art
• Introductory problems
5. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
5
What is AI?
• Intelligence: “ability to learn, understand and think”
(Oxford dictionary)
• AI is the study of how to make computers make
things which at the moment people do better.
• Examples: Speech recognition, Smell, Face, Object,
Intuition, Inference, Learning new skills, Decision
making, Abstract thinking
6. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
6
What is AI?
Thinking humanly Thinking rationally
Acting humanly Acting rationally
7. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
7
Acting Humanly: The Turing Test
• Alan Turing (1912-1954)
• “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” (1950)
Human Interrogator
Human
AI System
Imitation Game
8. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
8
Turing Test…Cont….
• Turing (1950) "Computing machinery and intelligence":
• "Can machines think?" "Can machines behave intelligently?"
• Operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation Game
• Predicted that by 2000, a machine might have a 30% chance of
fooling a lay person for 5 minutes
• Anticipated all major arguments against AI in following 50 years
• Suggested major components of AI: knowledge, reasoning,
language understanding, learning
•
9. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
9
Thinking Humanly: Cognitive Modelling
• Not content to have a program correctly solving a
problem.
More concerned with comparing its reasoning steps
to traces of human solving the same problem.
• Requires testable theories of the workings of the
human mind: cognitive science.
10. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
10
Thinking Rationally: Laws of Thought
• Aristotle was one of the first to attempt to codify “right
thinking”, i.e., irrefutable reasoning processes.
• Formal logic provides a precise notation and rules for
representing and reasoning with all kinds of things in
the world.
• Obstacles:
- Informal knowledge representation.
- Computational complexity and resources.
11. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
11
Acting Rationally
• Acting so as to achieve one’s goals, given one’s
beliefs.
• Does not necessarily involve thinking.
• Advantages:
- More general than the “laws of thought” approach.
- More amenable to scientific development than human-
based approaches.
12. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
12
The Foundations of AI
• Philosophy (423 BC - present):
- Logic, methods of reasoning.
- Mind as a physical system.
- Foundations of learning, language, and rationality.
• Mathematics (c.800 - present):
- Formal representation and proof.
- Algorithms, computation, decidability, tractability.
- Probability.
13. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
13
The Foundations of AI
• Psychology (1879 - present):
- Adaptation.
- Phenomena of perception and motor control.
- Experimental techniques.
• Linguistics (1957 - present):
- Knowledge representation.
- Grammar.
14. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
14
A Brief History of AI
• The gestation of AI (1943 - 1956):
- 1943: McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain.
- 1950: Turing’s “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”.
- 1956: McCarthy’s name “Artificial Intelligence” adopted.
• Early enthusiasm, great expectations (1952 - 1969):
- Early successful AI programs: Samuel’s checkers,
Newell & Simon’s Logic Theorist, Gelernter’s Geometry
Theorem Prover.
- Robinson’s complete algorithm for logical reasoning.
15. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
15
A Brief History of AI
• A dose of reality (1966 - 1974):
- AI discovered computational complexity.
- Neural network research almost disappeared after
Minsky & Papert’s book in 1969.
• Knowledge-based systems (1969 - 1979):
- 1969: DENDRAL by Buchanan et al..
- 1976: MYCIN by Shortliffle.
- 1979: PROSPECTOR by Duda et al..
16. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
16
A Brief History of AI
• AI becomes an industry (1980 - 1988):
- Expert systems industry booms.
- 1981: Japan’s 10-year Fifth Generation project.
• The return of NNs and novel AI (1986 - present):
- Mid 80’s: Back-propagation learning algorithm reinvented.
- Expert systems industry busts.
- 1988: Resurgence of probability.
- 1988: Novel AI (ALife, GAs, Soft Computing, …).
- 1995: Agents everywhere.
- 2003: Human-level AI back on the agenda.
17. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
17
Task Domains of AI
• Mundane Tasks:
– Perception
• Vision
• Speech
– Natural Languages
• Understanding
• Generation
• Translation
– Common sense reasoning
– Robot Control
• Formal Tasks
– Games : chess, checkers etc
– Mathematics: Geometry, logic,Proving properties of programs
• Expert Tasks:
– Engineering ( Design, Fault finding, Manufacturing planning)
– Scientific Analysis
– Medical Diagnosis
– Financial Analysis
18. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
18
AI Technique
• Intelligence requires Knowledge
• Knowledge posesses less desirable properties such as:
– Voluminous
– Hard to characterize accurately
– Constantly changing
– Differs from data that can be used
• AI technique is a method that exploits knowledge that should be
represented in such a way that:
– Knowledge captures generalization
– It can be understood by people who must provide it
– It can be easily modified to correct errors.
– It can be used in variety of situations
19. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
19
Game tree (2-player, deterministic)
20. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
20
The State of the Art
• Computer beats human in a chess game.
• Computer-human conversation using speech
recognition.
• Expert system controls a spacecraft.
• Robot can walk on stairs and hold a cup of water.
• Language translation for webpages.
• Home appliances use fuzzy logic.
• ......
21. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
21
Exercises
1. Characterize the definitions of AI:
"The exciting new effort to make computers think ...
machines with minds, in the full and literal senses"
(Haugeland, 1985)
"[The automation of] activities that we associate with
human thinking, activities such as decision-making,
problem solving, learning ..."
(Bellman, 1978)
22. Prepared by: Haider Raza & Poonam
Nandal.
22
Exercises
"The study of mental faculties, through the use of
computational models"
(Charniak and McDermott, 1985)
"The study of the computations that make it possible to
perceive, reason, and act"
(Winston, 1992)
"The art of creating machines that perform functions that
require intelligence when performed by people"
(Kurzweil, 1990)
23. 23
Exercises
"The study of how to make computers do things at which,
at the moment, people are better"
(Rich and Knight, 1991)
"A field of study that seeks to explain and emulate
intelligent behavior in terms of computationl processes"
(Schalkoff, 1990)
"The branch of computer science that is concerned with
the automation of intelligent behaviour"
(Luger and Stubblefield, 1993)
24. 24
Exercises
"A collection of algorithms that are computationally
tractable, adequate approximations of intractabiliy
specified problems"
(Partridge, 1991)
"The enterprise of constructing a physical symbol
system that can reliably pass the Turing test"
(Ginsberge, 1993)
"The f ield of computer science that studies how
machines can be made to act intelligently"
(Jackson, 1986)