The document provides information about several topics related to World War I and the 1920s, including the Triple Entente alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia; Prohibition passing as the 18th Amendment; trench warfare and new weapons in WWI like machine guns and poison gas; the Zimmerman Telegram sent from Germany to Mexico; and social changes in the 1920s like the Harlem Renaissance and new inventions.

1. Tuesday, February 19, 2010
Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree Disagree
____ ____ Entente involved ____ ____
Great Britain, France, and Russia.
____ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _____
passed as the 18th Amendment
and outlawed alcohol.

2. Tuesday, February 19, 2010
Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree Disagree
____ ____ Entente involved ____ ____
Great Britain, France, and Russia.
____ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _____
passed as the 18th Amendment
and outlawed alcohol.

3. Tuesday, February 19, 2010
Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree Disagree
____ ____ Entente involved ____ ____
Great Britain, France, and Russia.
____ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _____
passed as the 18th Amendment
and outlawed alcohol.

4. Tuesday, February 19, 2010
Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree Disagree
____ ____ Entente involved ____ ____
Great Britain, France, and Russia.
____ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _____
passed as the 18th Amendment
and outlawed alcohol.

5. AHSGE Chapter 8
World War I and the 1920s
Imperialism
– a policy by which one country takes control
of another land or country.
At the turn of the century, a growing
number of people believed the United States
should acquire overseas colonies to maintain
a strong economy.

6.  Three reasons for Imperialism
1. People of U.S. felt they needed
an additional source of raw
materials.
2. Business leaders wanted an additional
market for their surplus of manufactured
goods.
3. Politicians wanted to gain territory to
maintain a global balance of power.

7. Imperialism and the United States
 1850s - Business leaders from the U.S.
invested in sugar plantations in the Hawaiian
Islands. In time, these owners gained
economic control over the island.
 1893 - Wealthy white plantation
owners rebelled against Queen Liliuokalani.
With the help of U.S. troops the
plantation owners deposed the
queen. In 1898, Hawaii became
a territory of the U.S.

8. Imperialism and the United States
 Gaining overseas colonies for new
markets and additional raw materials
where all ways the United States could
be considered an Imperialistic Nation.

9.  1890s – Spanish government in Cuba violated
its citizens’ human rights.
 Two competing newspapers printed
sensational stories surrounding the abuses in
Cuba. U.S. citizens sympathized with the
Cubans and were against Spain.
 Yellow journalism
– sensational writing with
a disregard for the truth.
The exaggeration of a political event.

10.  On Feb. 15, 1898, the U.S.S. Maine exploded
while anchored in a Cuban harbor.
 U.S. newspapers blamed Spain.
 On April 25, 1898, Congress declared
war on Spain.
 Yellow journalism was a main cause of the
Spanish-American War.

11.  Spanish-American War
– McKinley was president. Fought on two fronts,
the Caribbean and the Philippines.
 Rough Riders
– a group of volunteers who were a Calvary Unit
led by Theodore Roosevelt who helped the
U.S. troops liberate Cuba from Spanish
control. Roosevelt became famous for his role
in the war including his bold charge of San
Juan Hill.

12.  Open Door Policy
– U.S. Secretary of State John Hay promoted an
agreement that kept China open to trade for all
nations.
 Panama Canal
– During President Theodore Roosevelt’s term in
office a canal was
built across the Isthmus of Panama.
This canal would ensure that the U.S.
would have easy access to the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans for commerce and defense.

13.  William C. Gorgas – realized that by
sanitizing and draining areas of
standing water in the Panama Canal
Zone he could get rid of malaria and
yellow fever.

14.  Roosevelt’s Corollary – President Roosevelt’s
addition to the Monroe Doctrine. It said the
United States had the right to intervene if a
nation in the Western Hemisphere had
trouble paying back its foreign creditors. The
United States would intervene only to prevent
European powers from colonizing the newly
freed nations again. This justified United
States involvement in Latin America.

15. REVIEW
1. How did yellow journalism help contribute to
the Spanish –American War?

16. Long Term Causes of World War I
3. Nationalism
– the belief in national unity and some times racial
supremacy. Nations were beginning to believe their
nation was much better than others.
Social Darwinism
– The belief that
only the strongest people are meant
to rule.
2. Imperialism – European countries searched for
colonies during the 19th century. Competitions for
colonies increased tensions between countries in
Europe.

17. CHUNK #1 Long-Term Causes of
World War I (1914-1918)
Turn to page 109. Graphic
Organizer – Read Alliances and name
the countries of the Triple Alliance
and the Triple Entente.
Triple
Alliance
Triple
Entente

18. 3. Military Expansion – Europeans nations
maintained large standing armies during
peace time. War was possible at a moment’s
notice.
4. Alliances – agreements
between nations for mutual
protection.
 Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary
and Italy. (GA-HI)
 Triple Entente – Britain, France, Russia and
eventually the United States. (BUFR)

20. Start of World War I
Archduke Francis Ferdinand – heir to throne of
Austria-Hungary. Assassinated by Serbian
nationalists. Alliances
then began to support
each other and war was
declared.

21. Battle Tactics in New Innovations
 Trench warfare – battle tactic where
trenches were built
with a no man’s land
in between filled with
barbed wire and
land mines.
Technologically advanced weapons
 Machine guns – fired bullets
in rabid succession.

22.  Poison gas - first used by the Germans, the
poison mustard gas would kill or wound
soldiers instantly by breaking down a
soldiers’ internal organs when they
inhaled the fumes.
 Airplane – At the beginning of the war
airplanes were used for scouting and
reconnaissance. By the end, countries had
equipped airplanes with intermittent machine
guns. The pilots of
these planes were
called Aces.

23. Causes of the United States
Involvement in World War I
1. Sinking of the Lusitania – British
passenger ship sunk by a German U-
boat. 1200 people died including 128
Americans. Lusitania had been secretly
carrying weapons and ammunition to
support the Triple Entente.

24. CHUNK #2 Causes of the United States
Involvement in World War I
Turn to page 111. Read 2) The
Zimmerman Telegram, and answer the
following questions.
Setting When was the telegram sent?
Characters Who sent and received the telegram?
Plot What did the telegram say?
Outcome What was the result of the United
States intercepting it?

25. 2. Zimmerman Telegraph – U.S. intercepted
a secret telegram between the German
foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmerman
and his official in Mexico. It stated that
if U.S. declared war on Germany then the
Mexican government should attack the
U.S. In exchange , Germany would help
Mexico win back the land the U.S. gained
in the Mexican-American War.

26. 3. German Aggression at Sea – In 1917,
Germany began sinking U.S. merchant ships in
the Atlantic.
4. The Russian Revolution – March, 1917,
revolutionaries in Russia overthrew the
monarchy. A temporary democratic assembly
was set up. With a democratic government in
Russia, the U.S. felt it would have a united
front in Europe.

27. Consequences of the War
Political
 Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman
Empire gave up parts of their land.
 Austro-Hungarian Empire broken up and made
into several countries.
 Draft – all men in the United States between
the ages of 21 and 30 were required by law to
register for the draft.

28. Economic
 Treaty of Versailles – ended WWI.
 Germans reluctantly agreed that the war was
entirely their fault.
 Germany had to pay war reparations (costs
to the victorious nations for its part in
starting the war).
 Central Powers had to substantially decrease
its military.
 Germany lost all of its overseas colonies and
part of its land in Europe.

29. Social
 War reparations Germany was forced to
pay were considered a humiliation to
the German people.
 Adolph Hitler used this bitterness to
help him become
dictator of Germany.

30. Post World War I Era – The League of Nations
 League of Nations – promoted by President
Woodrow Wilson to insure that there would never be
another world war. It was to be used as a way to
foster understanding and discourage aggressions
against other countries.
 It failed in part because Congress would not agree to
the U.S. joining.
 Isolationism – policy of the U.S. where the people
felt it best to stay out of international conflicts and
events.

31. Post World War I Culture The Roaring 20’s
Prominent Writers and Movements in the
United States
 F. Scott Fitzgerald – Writer and novelist
who wrote about the high society life of the
1920’s and mirrored his own life with his wife
Zelda Fitzgerald. Wrote The Great Gatsby.

32.  Ernest Hemingway – One of the most
influential writers of the 20th century.
Used simple language and realistic
details in his writing. Most famous works
include The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to
Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls The Old
Man and the Sea.
 Harlem Renaissance – Began in Harlem, New
York in the 1920’s. It was an increase in black
racial pride and awareness.
 Black painters, dancers,
and musicians produced
wonderful works of art.

33.  Jazz and Blues – New musical forms
of expression introduced during the
Harlem Renaissance.
 Langston Hughes – African American author
of the Harlem Renaissance. Wrote plays,
poems and short stories about the black
experience in the United States.
 Zora Neale Hurston – Wrote Their Eyes
Were Watching God.

34.  Louis Armstrong – an extremely
talented black jazz trumpet player.
 W.C. Handey – Alabama native who
composed and popularized many
Blues songs.
The Roaring 20’s came to
an end with the crash of
the stock market on
October 29,1929.

35. CHUNK #3 Social Activists
Turn to page 114. Graphic Organizer –
Read Social Activists, and name and
describe the two social activists who
fought for women’s rights in the 1920’s.

36. Social Activists
 Margaret Sanger – advocated
contraception. Distributed a magazine
attacking the Comstock Law (law
prohibiting the distribution of
information related to birth control,
pornography and sexually transmitted
diseases).

37. New Inventions
 Automobiles allowed people
to travel long distances for
work or for pleasure and led
to the growth of suburbs.
 Home appliances such as vacuum cleaners, mixers,
and washing machines freed up more time for women
working at home. This also led to the rapid growth of
the electric industry.
 These inventions allowed for an
increase in leisure time and
leisure activities.

38. The “Red Scare”
 Began when the Communist Bolsheviks
came to power in Russia in
December 1917.
 Anarchists – people who do not
believe in any form of government.
 When Anarchists tried to assassinate John D.
Rockefeller and Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
hysteria broke out throughout the U.S. known as The
Red Scare. The government began arresting and
jailing thousands of radicals, (including some-foreign
born) without any evidence of conspiracy. Suspicion
of foreigners began to increase in the U.S.

39. Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
 Two Italian immigrants (Nicola Sacco and
Bartolommeo Vanzetti) were accused of
robbery and murder in Massachusetts.
 They were atheists
(people who have no
belief in God).
 Convicted and executed
mainly due to the pretrial
prejudice against them. It showed America’s
lack of tolerance for political dissent.

40. Immigration Laws of the 1920’s
 Nativists – people who were afraid of
foreigners entering the United States.
Because of this fear of foreigners the United
States started restricting immigration.
 Emergency Quota Act –
Act set up a quota system
favoring Northern Europe
for immigration.

41. Prohibition
 18th amendment – Prohibition.
 Many people did not like this amendment and
ignored it.
 In the 1920’s prohibition led to bootleggers
(people who illegally smuggled alcohol) and
speakeasies ( hidden bars to drink and dance)
where flappers (girls who wore fringed dresses
and were more liberated) would gather to drink.
 21st amendment – repealed the
18th amendment.