The United States began expanding its overseas territories and influence in the late 1800s, ending its policy of isolationism. Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898 after American business interests overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy. The U.S. also sought to increase trade with Japan and China through agreements like the Treaty of Wanghia in 1858. However, foreign powers competed for economic and political control in China, leading to conflicts like the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 where Chinese nationalists laid siege to foreign territories. The U.S. gained colonies in the Caribbean and Pacific after the Spanish-American War of 1898, marking its emergence as a world power.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: ALL ABOUT THE BOER WARS. It contains: origins of the Boer Wars, the Great Trek, Transvaal and Orange Free State, the Confederation of South African States, the First Boer War, the Second Boer War.
Found at http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CC8QFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myhistoryclass.net%2Fpowerpoint%2Fchapter_17_powerpt.ppt&ei=r3BhU9rhMKfKsQTFi4CwBA&usg=AFQjCNHjwTnHrPt4eeMySYNnhttevFTJEQ&bvm=bv.65636070,d.cWc&cad=rja
Added in some slides and information
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: ALL ABOUT THE BOER WARS. It contains: origins of the Boer Wars, the Great Trek, Transvaal and Orange Free State, the Confederation of South African States, the First Boer War, the Second Boer War.
Found at http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CC8QFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myhistoryclass.net%2Fpowerpoint%2Fchapter_17_powerpt.ppt&ei=r3BhU9rhMKfKsQTFi4CwBA&usg=AFQjCNHjwTnHrPt4eeMySYNnhttevFTJEQ&bvm=bv.65636070,d.cWc&cad=rja
Added in some slides and information
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Section1: The U.S. Gains Territories Overseas
Big Ideas:
1. The U.S. ended its policy of
isolation
2. Hawaii became a U.S. territory in
1898
3. The United States sought trade
with Japan and China
Key Terms to know:
Imperialism
Isolationism
William H. Seward
Liliuokalani
Spheres of influence
Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion
3. Background
In the mid-1800s, what was the
United States focused on?
The Civil War, Reconstruction,
and problems ‘at home’
4. IMPERIALISM
Definition: building an empire by
founding colonies or conquering
nations
Why did it happen?
- Need for raw materials
- Want new markets for goods
- Source of power and national
pride
5. Isolationism
Definition: avoiding the involvement
in the affairs of other countries
Importance:
The U.S.A. had followed this policy
until the late 1800s
•Some think its important to keep
the economy strong
•Alfred Mahan – we need a strong
navy to protect our goods
6. Seward’s Folly
•1867 – Secretary of State, William
H. Seward, arranges purchasing of
Alaska from Russia
It’s a ‘frozen wasteland’ said
naysayers
“But it’s a steal!”
• He paid 2₵ an acre
• Natural resources abound
fur, timber, minerals and….
• GOLD
7. Seward continues…
The nation “must continue to
move on westward”
1867 – annexed the Midway
Islands (halfway between Japan
and the U.S.)
1899 – splits Samoa with
Germany
9. Hawaii , a brief & sad history
1800s
• Missionaries try to convert them to Christianity
• They open business and raise crops
1840s
• Most shops and shipyards owned by Americans
1887
• Hawaiian king forced to sign new constitution (“Bayonet
Constitution”)
• More power to planter-controlled legislation
10. Queen Liliuokalani & Hawaiian Annexation
Becomes queen and proposes a
new constitution
Planters revolt
150 marines come to support the
revolt and end it without battle
Planters form new government,
Hawaiian Island in 1898 annexed by
U.S.A.
11. Trade with Japan
Economics draw the U.S. to
trade with Japan and China
Commodore Matthew Perry
“persuades” Japanese to open
trade with the U.S. in 1854.
Trade agreement signed in
1858.
12. Japan’s Rise in Power
Japan was
becoming a world
power because of
land wars (Russia,
Korea, China) and
modernization.
13. Foreign Powers in China
China’s weak, so other
countries take spheres of
influence (areas where
foreign national control
resources)
U.S.A. claims an Open Door
Policy, that all countries
have equal trading rights in
China
14. The Boxer Rebellion
“Boxers” – Chinese nationalists
unhappy with foreign influence
June 1900 – laid siege to foreigner’s
village in the capital city of Beijing.
Killed 200 in the 2 month
siege
Foreign military forces
(including the Marines) come
in and put down the rebellion
Pay $333 million dollars in
damages to foreign
governments
16. Key Terms/Big Ideas Check In
One person will have one minute to
tell their partner (who is silent!)
everything they know about the
term
1. yellow journalism & “Remember
the Maine”
2. Teller Amendment
3. Emilio Aguinaldo – Phillipines
4. Anti-Imperialist League
5. Platt Amendment - Cuba
Open your books to
Section 2 (pgs. 697-
702) and skim the
section. Pay special
attention to the key
terms.
