agriculture UPSC Notes PPT agriculture UPSC Notes PPT

1. Agriculture

2. 1. Role of Agriculture in Indian Economy
2. Major crops and cropping patterns in
various parts of the country
3. Irrigation and Irrigation Systems
4. Agricultural Marketing and Issues
5. e-Technology in the aid of farmers
6. Farm Subsidies and MSP
7. Public Distribution System
8. Buffer Stocks and Food Security
9. Economics of Animal-Rearing
10.Food processing and related
industries in India
11.Land Reforms in India

3. Cropping Systems: A cropping system refers to the type
and sequence of crops grown and practices used for
growing them. It encompasses all cropping sequences
practiced over space and time based on the available
technologies of crop production. Cropping systems have
been traditionally structured to maximize crop yields.
Cropping pattern: is a dynamic concept because it
changes over space and time. It can be defined as the
proportion of area under various crops at a point of
time. In other words, it is a yearly sequence and
spatial arrangement of sowing and fallow on a given
area. In India, the cropping pattern determined by
rainfall, climate, temperature, soil type and
technology.
Major crops and cropping patterns
in various parts of the country

5. Major crops grown
in India

6. Types
of framing
• Monocropping: Growing one agricultural species at a time in agricultural land is the
meaning of monocropping. Monocropping can reduce the fertility of the soil and destroy the
structure of the soil. Chemical fertilizers are required to upgrade production. This practice
allows the spread of pests and diseases. Monocropping and monoculture convey the same
meaning.
• Mixed Cropping: When two or more crops are grown on an equivalent land
simultaneously, it’s referred to as mixed cropping. For example, growing wheat and gram
on an equivalent land at an equivalent time is mixed cropping. The practice of this method
helps to minimize the risk of the failure of one of the crops and provides insurance against
the crop failure due to abnormal weather conditions. The crops that are grown together
should have a different maturation time and different water requirements.

7. • Intercropping: Intercropping is the practice of growing quite one crop on
an equivalent field at an equivalent time during a definite row pattern.
After one row of the most crop, three rows of intercrops are often grown.
This increases productivity per unit area.
• Crop Rotation: In this pattern, different crops are grown on an equivalent
land in pre-planned succession. The crops are classified based on the
time they are rotated one-year rotation, two-year rotation, and three-year
rotation, depending upon their duration. Legumes are included within the
crop rotation program to extend soil fertility. The crops which require a
high fertility level are often grown after the legumes. The crops which
require low inputs are often grown after the crops that need high inputs.

8. The End
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