Agriculture in Poland covers about 60% of the country's territory. The majority is arable land with meadows and pastures making up over 10%. Polish agriculture is characterized by small fragmented farms and medium to low quality soils. The topography and climate create moderately favorable conditions for crops like barley, beets, and potatoes. The most common soils are brown soils, podzolic soils, and loess soils. Popular crops include apples, strawberries, raspberries, black currants, cabbage, onions, carrots, and cucumbers. In Tenerife, agriculture is limited due to difficult terrain with only 7.26% of land being arable. Scarce water resources and erosion further constrain
The environment of South Africa's Garden RouteMartin Hatchuel
"Guide to the environment of the Garden Route" is a comprehensive look at the natural world of the Cape Garden Route in South Africa. All articles were reviewed by specialists in their fields.
The contents include:
The vegetation of the Garden Route – an overview of plant biomes of the region: the Cape floristic kingdom (fynbos or Cape macchia), the Afromontane forests, and the Succulent Karoo, with notes about plantation forestrly
Checklist of trees of the Garden Route – with common names in English, Afrikaans and Xhosa, brief descriptions of each species, and some notes about how man uses the species (including uses in traditional medicine, etc.)
Checklist of mammals of the Garden Route – with some notes on habits and habitat
Checklist of birds of the Garden Route – with common names in English, Afrikaans, Xhosa and German. Includes a list of species likely to be found offshore (in the pelagic environment)
Checklist of reptiles of the Garden Route – with some notes on habit and habitat
The marine environment – a discussion about currents, tides and waves; the sea shore; the estuarine environment. Includes checklists of estuarine and pelagic fishes of the region, and of the marine mammals of the region.
The Knysna Lagoon – an in-depth look at the iconic lagoon of the Southern Cape Coast
Guiding techniques
Select bibliography
Index
Nearly 59,000 words!
This material was originally written for the now defunct Garden Route Regional Tourism Organisation.
The environment of South Africa's Garden RouteMartin Hatchuel
"Guide to the environment of the Garden Route" is a comprehensive look at the natural world of the Cape Garden Route in South Africa. All articles were reviewed by specialists in their fields.
The contents include:
The vegetation of the Garden Route – an overview of plant biomes of the region: the Cape floristic kingdom (fynbos or Cape macchia), the Afromontane forests, and the Succulent Karoo, with notes about plantation forestrly
Checklist of trees of the Garden Route – with common names in English, Afrikaans and Xhosa, brief descriptions of each species, and some notes about how man uses the species (including uses in traditional medicine, etc.)
Checklist of mammals of the Garden Route – with some notes on habits and habitat
Checklist of birds of the Garden Route – with common names in English, Afrikaans, Xhosa and German. Includes a list of species likely to be found offshore (in the pelagic environment)
Checklist of reptiles of the Garden Route – with some notes on habit and habitat
The marine environment – a discussion about currents, tides and waves; the sea shore; the estuarine environment. Includes checklists of estuarine and pelagic fishes of the region, and of the marine mammals of the region.
The Knysna Lagoon – an in-depth look at the iconic lagoon of the Southern Cape Coast
Guiding techniques
Select bibliography
Index
Nearly 59,000 words!
This material was originally written for the now defunct Garden Route Regional Tourism Organisation.
This ppt is about the distribution of wasteland and problem soils. Those lands are wastelands which are ecologically unstable,
whose topsoil has nearly been completely lost, and
which have developed toxicity in the root zones or growth of most plants, both annual crops and trees”.
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Grassland Ecosystem- As the name implies, grasslands are open spaces in which a variety of grasses grow, with only a few trees scattered near rivers and streams. The amount of annual rainfall influences the type of vegetation – not enough to support a forest but enough to prevent it from becoming a desert. Grasslands are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Grasslands are known in different regions of the world by different names – prairies, pampas, steppes, and savannah among others. They are divided into two types – Tropical and Temperate.
the presentation is about, what is soil and what it the components of soil? And major types of soil in south Asia is found. specially in Bangladesh with necessary figure. _Parves Khan
The entire country was fully analysed and mapped for identifying the wastelands. Among all the states, the districts which have more than 15% area under wasteland were identified for detailed mapping. In order to assess the nature and propose of rejuvenating the wastelands, a common classification system has been adopted.
This ppt is about the distribution of wasteland and problem soils. Those lands are wastelands which are ecologically unstable,
whose topsoil has nearly been completely lost, and
which have developed toxicity in the root zones or growth of most plants, both annual crops and trees”.
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Grassland Ecosystem- As the name implies, grasslands are open spaces in which a variety of grasses grow, with only a few trees scattered near rivers and streams. The amount of annual rainfall influences the type of vegetation – not enough to support a forest but enough to prevent it from becoming a desert. Grasslands are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Grasslands are known in different regions of the world by different names – prairies, pampas, steppes, and savannah among others. They are divided into two types – Tropical and Temperate.
the presentation is about, what is soil and what it the components of soil? And major types of soil in south Asia is found. specially in Bangladesh with necessary figure. _Parves Khan
The entire country was fully analysed and mapped for identifying the wastelands. Among all the states, the districts which have more than 15% area under wasteland were identified for detailed mapping. In order to assess the nature and propose of rejuvenating the wastelands, a common classification system has been adopted.
Similar to Agriculture in Poland and Tenerife Group 1 (20)
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2. z Agriculture in Poland
Agricultural land covers about 60% of Poland's territory. The
vast majority of them are arable land; Meadows and pastures
occupy over ten percent of the country, and orchards account
for 1%.
Polish agriculture is characterized by a large fragmentation of
farms, a large number of employees, a predominance of soils
with medium and low agricultural suitability, as well as a
relatively low consumption of industrial means of production.
4. z
Development of agriculture
in Poland
Agricultural activity in Poland
depends on three main natural
factors - topography, soil and
climate.
The topography in Poland is
conducive to agricultural activity,
as many as 75% of it concerns
lowland areas. This is necessary to
facilitate the mechanical work in
the field.
5. z
The Polish climate creates
moderately favorable
conditions for agriculture. It is
less suitable for growing many
plants. In many places in
Poland, the climate is
particularly favorable for the
cultivation of barley malt and
sugar beet, and above all
potatoes.
Malted barley
6. z
Polish soils
Almost 80% of the territory of Poland
is covered by brown soils, podsolic
soil and loess soils. They are common
in lowlands and lake districts. There
are slightly fewer of them in the
highlands and in the mountains.
In terms of agricultural suitability, the
most valuable of them are brown
soils. There are not many soils of the
highest quality in Poland- black
earths occupy only about 1% of the
area.
7. z
The black earth is characterized
by a slightly lower quality, black
earths also have only approx. 1%
share in the country's area. They
occur mainly in Kujawy region
and the Wielkopolska Lowlands,
the Szczecin Lowlands and the
Silesian Lowlands.
A greater percentage (approx. 5%)
is attributed to fen soil. They
formed over a large area in the
Vistula delta, making the Żuławy
Wiślane one of the most fertile
areas in Poland.
fen soil
8. z
Marsh soils cover about 7% of the
country's area and, apart from
river valleys, they are mainly
found in Podlasie, Polesie and
lake districts. They are quite good,
but due to high humidity they are
mainly used as meadows and
pastures.
Due to their deep profile,
rendzinas also are of good quality.
They developed on the carbonate
rocks of the Małopolska Upland
and the Lublin Upland. In total,
they constitute approx. 1% of the
country's area.
9. z
Polish crops:
Among other fruit grown in Poland, the most popular
are, among others:
Apples,
Strawberries,
Raspberries,
Black currant.
The main vegetable crops are:
Cabbage,
Onion,
Carrot,
Ground cucumbers,
Beetroot,
Cauliflower.
10. z Agriculture in Tenerife
Agriculture in the Canary Islands is characterized by a small
usable area, especially agricultural land, which is severely
threatened by erosion, especially dangerous in Fuerteventura
and Gran Canaria, where this phenomenon occurs in more
than 50% of the territory. Due to difficult orographic
conditions, large slopes, vast mountainous and volcanic areas,
only 7.26% of the island's surface is arable land.
12. z
Factors influencing agriculture in
Tenerife
Tenerife has a small arable area that
could be used, especially when it comes
to agricultural land, due to difficult
orographic conditions, large slopes, vast
mountainous and volcanic areas. Only
7.26% of the island's area is arable land.
20.4% are forest areas, 4.02% meadows
and pastures, 0.43% rivers and lakes, and
the rest (67.89%) is intended for other
use.
13. z
The scarcity of agricultural land is
exacerbated by the scarcity of water
suitable for use in cities and
agriculture.
The Canary Islands archipelago is
also distinguished by its fragile
economy which is caused by a high
dependency on external supplies
and limited economic activity
(tourism) and the number of goods
produced locally (agricultural
products intended for export). Typical landscape in Tenerife
14. z The specific natural
hazards affecting the
archipelago such as
hurricanes and forest
fires cannot be ignored.
Forest fire in 2012
15. z
Tenerife soil types:
According to this classification, the soils are divided into:
High utility floors: Suitable for any activity, including medium-heavy tillage. These are flat
areas, but formed by materials that are too fresh, where erosion has not yet been able to
form soil on the rock.
Medium useful capacity soils: can withstand light use due to the high risk of erosion. They
can be found on the latest volcanic materials.
Low-use soils: These are soils which, because they are located in areas with steep slopes,
are not recommended for agricultural use or for land-motion applications.
Very little usable soils: Soils which are not recommended for almost all activities due to the
recent castings.
Due to the height of the island, the classification by height is also interesting, which
divides the soils into:
Lowland soils: shallow, rocky, rich in minerals and subject to a high risk of erosion due to the
fact that they are low vegetation areas. These are mostly areas where sorbi was brought,
because they are flat, suitable for cultivation, but they need soil.
Soils in medium-sized areas: depending on the orientation, they are more or less developed.
So on the northern slopes, the dampness caused by the trade winds made them develop
more than those on the northern slopes, making them more suitable for cultivation. On the
other hand, in the southern areas, due to the lower deciduous vegetation, these soils are
more easily eroded.
The soils of the upper zone: These are soils which, due to the large amount of organic
matter, constitute an abundant forest mass, and therefore have little erosion due to the
protection provided by vegetation. They vary in depth, depending on the surface and the
slope of the slopes.
Soils over 2000 m: rocky, shallow, sandy. These factors, combined with unfavorable weather
conditions, make these areas unimportant for farming and many other human activities.
16. z
Tenerife crops:
Among the most popular fruit grown in Tenerife are,
among others:
Bananas
Papaya,
Mango,
Pineapple,
Watermelon
The most popular vegetable crops are:
Eggplants,
Courgettes,
Peppers,
Cauliflowers,
Pumpkins,
Tomatoes
