This document discusses aggregation issues and initiatives in the National Digital Library of India. Some key aggregation issues include varying metadata schemas across different content sources, metadata quality problems, embargo restrictions, and lack of awareness about rights. Initiatives to address these include developing automated and manual workflows for metadata curation, enrichment, and normalization. Other initiatives involve promoting national intellectual property policies, training programs, and offering repository services to help partner institutions contribute content. The goal is to aggregate a wide range of educational resources while overcoming heterogeneity and rights challenges.

1. Aggregation in
Wilderness
EXPERIENCE IN NATIONAL DIGITAL LIBRARY OF INDIA
Europeana Tech Conference 2018, 15th May, Rotterdam
Partha Pratim Das, Joint Principal Investigator, National Digital Library of India
Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India

2. National Digital
Library of India
Range of
Contents
Institutional Digital
Repository of
Contributing Institutes
Faculty
Publications,
ETD (Electronic
Thesis &
Dissertation):
DSc-PhD-Masters-
Undergrad,
Research Projects
Books & Periodicals,
Open Access
Journals ,
E-Books &
Subscribed E-
Resource
Annual Reports,
Project Reports,
Convocation,
Working Papers,
Others
Encyclopaedia
Dictionaries
Directories Others
Lecture
Slides,
Videos, Class
Notes,
Courseware
Institutions of School & Higher Education, Boards
Term Papers,
Assignments,
Solutions
Lab
Experiments,
Manuals,
Case Studies
Datasets,
Benchmarks,
Models, Maps,
Software
Audio &
Video
Content
Manuscripts,
Painting,
Sculpture, Music,
Dance, Drama
Question
Banks (JEE /
GATE / NET /
CAT ), Model
Answers
ResearchandProfessionalInstitutions,
Central/StateUniversity
Institutional and Open Contributions. Multi-modal, Multi-faceted
https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in

3. Aggregation Issues: Varying Metadata
Schema
o Institutional Digital Repositories (IDRs)
o Scholarly Publishers
o Cultural Heritage Collections
o Crawled Sources

4. Aggregation Issues: Metadata Quality
o Sparse specification
o Incorrect specification
o Conformance to controlled vocabulary
o Incremental aggregation

5. Aggregation Issues: Embargo
o IDR not open
o Institute Specific Access Credentials
o Partially open
o Fully open

6. Aggregation Issues: Lack of Awareness on
Rights
o Licensing terms of digital objects often ignored
o Lack of knowledge about different licensing terms
◦ Initiatives like Creative Commons need wider proliferation
o Libraries being public interface for institutional resources
◦ Do not follow standardized policies
o Important projects under infringement of copyright

7. Initiatives: Aggregation Workflow
Manual Curation Team Programmatic Curation Team System steam

8. Initiatives: Metadata Enrichment
o Automated metadata extraction tool
◦ Text processing + external services like crossref, Google Scholar,
OCLC
o Metadata enrichment with Linked Data Resources
◦ DbPedia, Wikidata etc.
o Crowdsourcing framework (under conceptualization)
◦ NDLI Reading Club similar to Europeana

9. Initiatives: National Level Policy on
Intellectual Property Rights
o Enhancing awareness and sensitivity through national workshops
o Interfacing with the Government to resolve ambiguities in the Indian
Copyright Law with regard to exceptions and limitations associated
with “fair dealing”.
o Developing a “copyright manual of good practices” for Librarians
and stakeholders in India.
o Can we motivate the content providers to use Rightsstatements.org?

10. Initiatives: Training and Repository
Service
o Outreach Program
◦ Regional workshops
◦ Importance of institutional repositories and partnering with NDLI
◦ Extensive training on NDLI data model and repository setup
o Repository as Service
◦ NDLI offers infrastructure service to the institutes with poor or no
infrastructure
o Regional NDLI Centres