The document discusses delivering affordable warmth through improving home energy efficiency. It defines affordable warmth as households spending less than 10% of disposable income on energy. Over 30% of people in East Anglia are considered fuel poor due to high energy costs. Improving home energy efficiency can provide health benefits and savings for households. However, the scale of improvements needed to meet carbon reduction targets by 2050 will require retrofitting millions of homes at a major cost. Behavior changes and new technologies are also needed to reduce the performance gap between modeled and actual energy usage.

1. Delivering Affordable Warmth
Discounting The Future
Carbon vs. Cost
David Daniels - University of East Anglia - Adapt Low Carbon Team

2. What is Affordable Warmth
“affordable warmth is where a
household can achieve temperatures
needed to maintain health and
comfort for expenditure of less than
10% of disposable income”
Where the definition gets a bit fuzzy
is in the definition of income, is it
one that uses income after housing
costs or before.
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

3. Fuel Poverty
• Research reveals that 31% of people in the
region are classed as fuel poor - those who are
spending 10% or more of their net monthly
income on energy bills.
• East Anglia has the second highest rate in the
country, coming in just behind Wales which has
32%.
• Because we have so many off gas properties
we suffer from a greater impact of fuel poverty
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

4. Consequential Damage
Elderly – in the past 10 years there were
250,000 excess winter deaths attributed to
poor living conditions
Adolescents – in poorly heated homes, 28%
were at significant mental health risk.
Infants - living in homes without winter fuel
subsidy were 30% more likely to be admitted
to hospital in their first 3 years of life. They
were also 29% more likely to be underweight
Children - living in damp, mouldy homes are up
to three times more prone to respiratory
conditions – than children living in dry homes.
Fuel Poverty has highly significant effects on
early alcohol and drug abuse
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

5. So its a problem then
The average cost of energy has increased
114% over the past 10 years whilst he
average salary has increased just 51%.
Energy for heating 1970-2008: 38 years
2012-2050: 38 years 1970: space heating
energy: 236.3 TWh
2008: space heating energy: 331.7 TWh
40% increase in 38 years!
1970: 12.83MWh per household
2008: 13.08MWh per household
No reduction per household in 38 years
So how do we get an 80% reduction in the
next 38 years?
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

6. Ouch!
21 million The number of homes that exist today will still be
with us in 2050
7 million The government target for whole house conversions to
be treated by 2020 and all 26m by 2030.
£180 The amount spent per household on energy efficiency
£1,834 The average amount spent per household on alterations
£1,539 The average amount spent per household on energy
£22,750 The average spent on Low Carbon refurbishment by
projects aiming at a minimum 60% reduction
£150,000 The average amount the Technology Strategy Board
has spent per house for its Retrofit for the Future challenge.
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

7. Cash vs. Carbon
• 83% of resident are interested in
improving the energy efficiency of
their home.
• Far from being driven by a desire to
do something for the environment ,
for 78% the primary driver is to save
money
• For 20% of those the only driver is
money.
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

8. More carbon
Not 2 degrees but…..
Even doubling our current rate of
decarbonisation, would still lead
to emissions consistent with 6
degrees of warming by the end of
the century.
Now one thing is clear:
businesses, governments and
communities across the world
need to plan for a warming world
– not just 2oC, but 4oC, or even
6oC.
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

9. Legislation
• Energy Act 2011, Climate Transition Plan,
Building Regulations, CRC Energy Efficiency
(Activities), Energy Efficient (Products)
• CO2 targets 2020 34%, 2050 80%
• Warm Front 2015 and 2020 targets
• Energy Performance of Buildings (EPB) August
2011
• SAP / EPC / R4TF / D4FC
• Advisory – UK Parliamentary Group on
Sustainable Housing
• Code for Sustainable Homes
• Lifetime Homes
• Waste Resource Action Plan
• Green Guide to Specification
• Building for Life
• And and and
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

10. Why cant we sell Climate Change
The 3 C’s
• Clarity - consumers are looking for,
as a minimum, information
that is clear and easy to understand
• Credibility - consumers want
realistic, accessible and verifiable
Information
• Comparability - consumers want
simple, meaningful and ‘like for-
like’ comparisons
Remember Climate Change is based
on science and scientists are the most
sceptical so trying to get a scientist to
sell it just couldn’t be clearer , could it
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

11. Current Stock
• Existing conditions– stock 7000
properties producing 48,000
tonnes of carbon per annum =
144 million miles.
• To achieve 2020 targets a
reduction of 11,000 tonnes will be
required
• To achieve 2050 targets a
reduction of a further 27,000
tonnes will be required
• Estimated cost for total works
£145m (today’s cost and stock
condition)
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

12. One size fits all – really
“In Theory- Practice and Theory are the same thing , but in Practice they are not”
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

13. Energy efficiency doesn’t
necessarily save energy
• Energy used in practice does not
correlate with individual
technologies deployed
• System interactions important i.e.
how people use them
• Occupant behaviour will
dominate end consumption
• The SAP system is not a
reliable measure of efficiency
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

14. It might keep you warm but
it can have consequences –
so please think before you act
David Daniels - University of East Anglia - Adapt Low Carbon Team

15. So what’s changed
• Current challenges are the same as 10
years ago except:
 legislation
 awareness
 knowledge
 capability
 and need for speed
Simply put, we know what to do to
make a change
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

16. Or do we - The Performance Gap
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

17. Low Hanging Fruit
1. Turn it down! Many households have their central heating set higher than they need it,
without even realising it. Try turning your room thermostat down by one degree.
2. Turn it off! Make sure you turn your lights, appliances and chargers off when you’re not
using them
3. Careful in the kitchen!
•Set your washing machine to wash at 30°C.
•Only use your tumble dryer when you can’t dry your clothes outside.
•Don’t fill your kettle right up every time – just boil the amount of water you need.
4. Get a head! An eco shower head.
5. Don’t lag behind! Lag your tank instead. If you have an uninsulated hot water cylinder, you
could start saving now by fitting a tank jacket.
6. Be a draught excluder! you’re likely to be losing some heat through draughts around doors
and windows, gaps around the floor, maybe up a chimney or two, and a whole host of other
little holes around the house.
7. Lighten your load! Have you changed all your light bulbs for low-energy ones?
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

18. Green Deal
• 1. Air source heat pumps • 23. Lighting systems, fittings and controls (including
• 2. Biomass boilers roof lights, lamps and luminaires)
• 3. Biomass room heaters (with radiators) • 24. Loft or rafter insulation (including loft hatch
• 4. Cavity wall insulation insulation)
• 5. Chillers • 25. Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery systems
• 6. Cylinder thermostats • 26. Micro combined heat and power
• 7. Draught proofing • 27. Micro wind generation
• 8. Duct insulation • 28. Oil-fired condensing boilers
• 9. External wall insulation systems • 29. Photovoltaics
• 10. Fan-assisted storage heaters • 30. Pipework insulation
• 11. Flue gas heat recovery devices • 31. Replacement glazing
• 12. Gas-fired condensing boilers • 32. Radiant heating
• 13. Ground source heat pumps • 33. Room in roof insulation
• 14. Heating controls for wet central heating systems or • 34. Roof insulation
warm air systems • 35. Sealing improvements (including duct sealing)
• 15. Heating ventilation and air-conditioning controls • 36. Secondary glazing
(including zoning controls) • 37. Solar blinds, shutters and shading devices
• 16. High performance external doors • 38. Solar water heating
• 17. Hot water controls (including timers and • 39. Transpired solar collectors
temperature controls) • 40. Under-floor heating
• 18. Hot water cylinder insulation • 41. Under-floor insulation
• 19. Hot water showers • 42. Variable speed drives for fans and pumps
• 20. Hot water systems • 43. Warm-air units
• 21. Hot water taps • 44. Waste water heat recovery devices attached to
• 22. Internal wall insulation systems (for external walls) showers
• 45. Water source heat pumps
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

19. Going Beyond the Green Deal
A leaky house plus renewable energy
Still equals a leaky house
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

20. Small changes - big impact:
Heating and Hot water accounts
for 57% of our domestic energy use
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

21. So what should I choose
Embodied Energy and In Use Energy
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

22. Conclusions
• Domestic houses have a very significant impact on
the UK energy system
• It is extremely difficult to create the opportunities
to intervene in houses to reduce energy/carbon by
creating sufficient value to the householder
• We cannot yet develop reliable predictions of the
impact of intervention over very large volumes of
properties
• Each property will need a unique balance of
demand and supply measures
• On and off-site low carbon energy sources will be
vital, including low carbon electricity and district
heat networks
• It is very challenging to guarantee a return of
expenditure in terms of CO2 in an area so dominated
by human behaviour
David Daniels - University of East Anglia –
Adapt Low Carbon Team

23. Top down and bottom up
Them and Us
• Look to be responsible strive to meet
the needs of the world today without
jeopardizing the world of tomorrow
• Environmental, Social, Energy, Climate,
Materials, Biodiversity and Local Impact
• It only takes one thought to
make a change and one change
to make a difference
David Daniels - University of East Anglia -
Adapt Low Carbon Team

24. Go the extra Mile
You know it makes sense
“It is unwise to pay too much, but it’s worse to pay too little.
When you pay too much, you lose a little money - that is all.
When you pay too little, you sometimes lose everything,
because the thing you bought was incapable of doing the
thing it was bought to do.
The common law of business balance prohibits paying a
little and getting a lot - it can’t be done.
If you deal with the lowest bidder, it is well to add something
for the risk you run. And if you do that, you will have enough
to pay for something better.”
•John Ruskin 1860
David Daniels - University of East Anglia - Adapt Low Carbon Team