Aerial photography
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Aerial photography involves taking images from the air rather than from the ground. It has been practiced since 1858 and can be done using aircraft, helicopters, balloons, or drones. There are two main types: vertical photos taken straight down at a 90 degree angle, and oblique photos taken at an angle between 30 and 60 degrees. Interpretation of aerial photos is based on elements like shape, pattern, size, tone, color, shadow, texture, association, time, and stereo perspective.
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Aerial photography.pptx
Aerial photography involves taking photographs from aircraft and is used for mapping and studying the Earth's surface. It has various uses like making pictorial representations, preparing base maps, photo interpretation, and expediting natural resource surveys. Factors like atmospheric conditions, aircraft, camera, and film processing influence aerial photographs. There are different types of aerial photographs based on the camera axis position and various stages involved in planning and executing aerial photography flights.
Geometry of Aerial photograph
Photograph taken from an aircraft commonly termed as aerial photograph have come to play and ever increasing role in the execution in cartographic mapping in various scales and in evaluation of natural resources of a region. Uses of aerial photographs in other fields are also manifold; in fact the scope seems limitless.
Photogrammetry
This document defines photogrammetry as obtaining reliable measurements through photography. It discusses how aerial photographs provide single-point perspective views of the Earth's surface rather than orthogonal maps. Key aspects of photogrammetry covered include preparing maps from overlapping aerial photos, quantitative and qualitative data extraction, aerial camera geometry, scales, distortions, determining object heights from shadows and relief displacement.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the technique of obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects through analyzing photographs. It involves taking overlapping aerial photographs from an elevated position and processing them using software to extract 3D spatial data and produce accurate maps, models and measurements. The key outputs of photogrammetry include digital elevation models (DEMs), digital terrain models (DTMs), contour maps, orthophotos and 3D city models. Photogrammetry provides precise, cost-effective representations of geographic features and terrain.
Historical Development of Photogrammetry
This document summarizes the historical development of photogrammetry. It describes how photogrammetry evolved from early plane table photogrammetry between 1850-1900, to analog photogrammetry between 1900-1960, to analytical photogrammetry between 1960-present. It also discusses how digital photogrammetry is just beginning. The document provides background on important historical figures and developments in the field, including the first uses of aerial photography in the late 19th century and how photogrammetry has been used to create topographic maps since the 1840s.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining information about physical objects through images. It involves mapping terrain from aerial photographs. Key points:
- Aerial photography is the most common and effective method for large-scale topographic mapping. Photogrammetry is used by the U.S. Geological Survey and for various applications like engineering projects.
- Precise 3D measurements can be made from stereo pairs of photographs using a stereoplotter. Control points are also needed from field surveys.
- Factors like terrain, camera focal length, flying height, overlap, and scale must be considered to plan a photogrammetry project. Proper planning is required to efficiently capture needed imagery and produce accurate maps.
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
This document discusses the basic principles of photogrammetry. It defines photogrammetry as obtaining spatial measurements and geometrically reliable products from photographs. It describes the different types of analysis procedures and photogrammetric operations used, from simple to sophisticated digital techniques. It outlines common photogrammetric activities like producing maps, determining heights and elevations, and preparing flight plans. It also details the geometric characteristics of aerial photographs, elements, scales, distortions like relief displacement and parallax.
Geometry and types of aerial photographs
The document summarizes key properties and types of aerial photographs. It discusses that aerial photographs have angles and scales as important geometric properties. It describes the different types of photographs based on the camera axis direction (vertical, oblique, etc.), angle of coverage, film used (black and white, infrared, color), and scale determined by focal length and height. It provides details on vertical, low and high oblique, convergent, and trimetrogon photographs.
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Aerial photography.pptx
Aerial photography involves taking photographs from aircraft and is used for mapping and studying the Earth's surface. It has various uses like making pictorial representations, preparing base maps, photo interpretation, and expediting natural resource surveys. Factors like atmospheric conditions, aircraft, camera, and film processing influence aerial photographs. There are different types of aerial photographs based on the camera axis position and various stages involved in planning and executing aerial photography flights.
Geometry of Aerial photograph
Photograph taken from an aircraft commonly termed as aerial photograph have come to play and ever increasing role in the execution in cartographic mapping in various scales and in evaluation of natural resources of a region. Uses of aerial photographs in other fields are also manifold; in fact the scope seems limitless.
Photogrammetry
This document defines photogrammetry as obtaining reliable measurements through photography. It discusses how aerial photographs provide single-point perspective views of the Earth's surface rather than orthogonal maps. Key aspects of photogrammetry covered include preparing maps from overlapping aerial photos, quantitative and qualitative data extraction, aerial camera geometry, scales, distortions, determining object heights from shadows and relief displacement.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the technique of obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects through analyzing photographs. It involves taking overlapping aerial photographs from an elevated position and processing them using software to extract 3D spatial data and produce accurate maps, models and measurements. The key outputs of photogrammetry include digital elevation models (DEMs), digital terrain models (DTMs), contour maps, orthophotos and 3D city models. Photogrammetry provides precise, cost-effective representations of geographic features and terrain.
Historical Development of Photogrammetry
This document summarizes the historical development of photogrammetry. It describes how photogrammetry evolved from early plane table photogrammetry between 1850-1900, to analog photogrammetry between 1900-1960, to analytical photogrammetry between 1960-present. It also discusses how digital photogrammetry is just beginning. The document provides background on important historical figures and developments in the field, including the first uses of aerial photography in the late 19th century and how photogrammetry has been used to create topographic maps since the 1840s.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining information about physical objects through images. It involves mapping terrain from aerial photographs. Key points:
- Aerial photography is the most common and effective method for large-scale topographic mapping. Photogrammetry is used by the U.S. Geological Survey and for various applications like engineering projects.
- Precise 3D measurements can be made from stereo pairs of photographs using a stereoplotter. Control points are also needed from field surveys.
- Factors like terrain, camera focal length, flying height, overlap, and scale must be considered to plan a photogrammetry project. Proper planning is required to efficiently capture needed imagery and produce accurate maps.
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
This document discusses the basic principles of photogrammetry. It defines photogrammetry as obtaining spatial measurements and geometrically reliable products from photographs. It describes the different types of analysis procedures and photogrammetric operations used, from simple to sophisticated digital techniques. It outlines common photogrammetric activities like producing maps, determining heights and elevations, and preparing flight plans. It also details the geometric characteristics of aerial photographs, elements, scales, distortions like relief displacement and parallax.
Geometry and types of aerial photographs
The document summarizes key properties and types of aerial photographs. It discusses that aerial photographs have angles and scales as important geometric properties. It describes the different types of photographs based on the camera axis direction (vertical, oblique, etc.), angle of coverage, film used (black and white, infrared, color), and scale determined by focal length and height. It provides details on vertical, low and high oblique, convergent, and trimetrogon photographs.
Types of stereoscope
This presentation discusses stereoscopy and stereoscopes. It defines stereoscopy as using binocular vision to achieve 3D effects by viewing an object from two camera positions. Stereo pairs of photographs allow stereoscopic viewing in the overlapping portions. Various types of stereoscopes are described, including lens, mirror, scanning, and zoom stereoscopes. Lens stereoscopes are simplest and least expensive. Ground control points are also discussed as features with known coordinates that establish the relationship between an image and the ground, allowing georeferencing of aerial photographs.
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Aerial photography abraham thomas
Aerial photography involves taking photographs from aircraft or other flying objects. It provides a synoptic view of large areas that allows for identifying small-scale features and spatial relationships. Interpreting aerial photographs involves detecting, recognizing, analyzing, deducing, classifying, and determining the accuracy of identified objects based on their tone, texture, pattern, shape, shadow, size, place, and associations with other objects. Key elements that aid interpretation include tone, texture, pattern, shape, shadow, and size.
Stereoscopic parallax
This document discusses stereoscopy and parallax measurement in aerial photography. Stereoscopy uses two photographs of the same ground area taken from separate positions to create a stereo pair that enables three-dimensional viewing. Parallax is the displacement of an object caused by a change in the point of observation. Stereoscopic parallax occurs when photographs are taken of the same object from different positions, allowing measurement of differences in elevation.
Aerial photographs and their interpretation
Aerial photographs provide valuable information about the coastal and terrestrial environment when interpreted correctly. Vertical aerial photographs can be used to update existing maps and create new maps. Simple instruments can be used to correct horizontal distortion in aerial photographs and transfer information to line maps. More advanced photogrammetric equipment is required to correct for height displacement. Stereoscopic analysis of overlapping aerial photographs allows for three-dimensional interpretation of terrain and features.
Thermal Remote Sensing
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Aerial photography- Concept and Terminologies
Aerial photography involves taking photographs of the ground from an elevated perspective using cameras mounted on aircraft or drones. The key aspects of aerial photography include:
- Photos have geometric distortions that can be corrected through photogrammetry to allow for accurate measurements, mapping, and 3D modeling.
- Factors like camera tilt, flight height, and relief displacement of objects must be accounted for.
- Aerial photos have specific scales depending on the flight altitude, and these scales are larger than typical maps, showing greater detail of a smaller area.
- Aerial photos find diverse uses in fields like geology, agriculture, land use planning, and environmental monitoring by providing overhead perspectives not available from ground level.
Types of aerial photographs
This document discusses the different types of aerial photographs. It outlines that aerial photographs can be categorized based on:
1) The direction or position of the camera axis, including vertical, horizontal, oblique, convergent, and trimetrogon photographs
2) The angle of coverage and focal length of the camera lens, including narrow angle, wide angle, and super wide angle
3) The type of film used in the camera, including black and white, infrared, and colored photographs.
Within each category, specific types of aerial photographs are defined, such as true vertical, near vertical, low and high oblique, and their respective uses are described.
Distortions and displacement on aerial photograph
This document discusses various types of distortions that can occur in aerial photographs. It defines distortion as a shift in the position of landscape features that alters the perspective of the image. Displacement is defined as any shift that does not change the perspective. The document outlines different types of distortions including lens distortion, relief displacement caused by elevation differences, and tilt distortions from aircraft motion like roll, crab, and pitch. It also discusses parallax, orthorectification to remove distortions, and parameters that influence relief displacement.
Photogrammetry 1.
The document provides an overview of photogrammetry, which is the science and technology of obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects and the environment through analyzing photographs. It discusses the different types of photogrammetry including aerial/spaceborne photogrammetry and close-range photogrammetry. It also summarizes the key techniques, applications, and products of photogrammetry such as digital terrain models, orthophotos, and 3D models.
Aerial photogrammetry ppt 2
This document discusses various techniques for analyzing aerial photographs, including:
- Calculating the scale of photographs based on known distances and camera specifications. Scale expresses the ratio of distances on the photo to distances on the ground.
- Determining the heights of objects visible in photos using relief displacement, which measures the difference in an object's appearance between the top and bottom due to perspective.
- Planning flight paths to ensure adequate overlap between consecutive aerial photos for stereoscopic analysis and 3D modeling.
- Using a stereoscope to merge overlapping photo pairs and perceive depth and parallax differences between matching points in the stereo pair.
Types of aerial cameras - photogrammetry
This document discusses the different types of aerial cameras used for photogrammetry. It describes single-lens frame cameras which have a fixed lens and film and are classified by their angular field of view. It also covers multi-lens frame cameras which use two or more lenses to simultaneously expose the same area on different films. Strip cameras are described as using a single or two lenses to continuously photograph a film passing over a narrow slit. Finally, panoramic cameras are outlined as providing a horizontal strip of terrain from horizon to horizon by laterally scanning from one side to the other.
Historical Development of Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining information about physical objects through photographs, without needing direct contact. It involves measuring and analyzing captured images. The name comes from Greek roots meaning "light", "drawing", and "to measure". Key developments included using photography for mapmaking in the 1840s-1850s, the photogrammetric stereoplotter in the 1890s, and aerial photography from balloons and planes in the 1860s-1900s, advancing the field into the digital era.
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Introduction of photogrammetry
This document provides an overview of photogrammetry, including a brief history of aerial photography, definitions of key terms, and descriptions of different types of photogrammetry and imaging. It discusses the general photogrammetric process and products that can be created. Specific topics covered include the development of aerial photography from the 1850s onwards, definitions of photogrammetry, close range, terrestrial, aerial, and space photogrammetry, types of aerial images, photogrammetric mapping techniques, and historical photogrammetric plotting instruments.
Height measurement of aerial photograph
This document discusses three methods for measuring height from aerial photographs: relief displacement, shadow length, and stereoscopic parallax. Relief displacement measures height by how far an object is shifted from its true position in an aerial photo due to its elevation. Shadow length measures height by using the length of an object's shadow and the sun angle. Stereoscopic parallax measures height by comparing the difference in an object's position between two overlapping aerial photos taken from different positions. Formulas are provided for calculating height from measurements obtained using each of these three methods.
Lecture on photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining reliable measurements from photographs. There are three main techniques: aerial, using vertically downward photos from planes or satellites; terrestrial, using horizontal photos on the ground; and industrial, adapting terrestrial techniques to small areas. Aerial photos are used for topographic mapping, cadastral plans, land use maps, and hydrographic charts. Stereo plotters allow precise 3D measurement and analysis from stereo photo pairs. Photogrammetry has many applications beyond traditional surveying, including traffic accident reconstruction, medical imaging, and analysis of surface movement.
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In this I have discussed how to estimate height of an object from aerial photo and steps to make a stereo pair
Introduction to Aerial Photogrammetry
Aerial surveying technology is utilized in a wide range of fields throughout the world. These range from the creation of maps, to terrain analysis and research (rivers, soil erosion, coasts, etc.), urban planning, road planning (roads, rails, etc.), and vegetation research (forests, agriculture, lakes and marshland, etc.).
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Aerial photographs provide valuable information about the coastal and terrestrial environment when interpreted correctly. Vertical aerial photographs can be used to update existing maps and create new maps. Simple instruments can be used to correct horizontal distortion in aerial photographs and transfer information to line maps. More advanced photogrammetric equipment is required to correct for height displacement. Stereoscopic analysis of overlapping aerial photographs allows for three-dimensional interpretation of terrain and features.
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Aerial photography involves taking photographs of the ground from an elevated perspective using cameras mounted on aircraft or drones. The key aspects of aerial photography include:
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- Factors like camera tilt, flight height, and relief displacement of objects must be accounted for.
- Aerial photos have specific scales depending on the flight altitude, and these scales are larger than typical maps, showing greater detail of a smaller area.
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Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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Aerial photography
- 1. Aerial Photography Presented By: FAHAD RAZA Bsc (Agri.) Hons. Department of Soil Sciece Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam
- 3. INTRODUCTION: Taking of image, in which camera is not supported by a ground-based structure.
- 4. HISTORY: First practiced by Gaspard-Felix in 1858
- 5. Aerial Photographs can be taken through; Aircraft Helicopter Balloon
- 6. Drone Aerial Photographs can be taken through;
- 7. TYPES OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 1. VERTICAL: Taken with the camera pointed as straight as possible At 900 from the air, allowable tolerance is 30
- 8. TYPES OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 2. OBLIQUE: Low Oblique A photograph not showing the horizon inclined about 30 0
- 9. TYPES OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 2. OBLIQUE: High Oblique A photograph showing the horizon inclined from 30 0 to 60 0
- 10. INTERPRETATION: Photo interpretation is done on the basis of following pictorial elements: Shape:
- 11. INTERPRETATION: Photo interpretation is done on the basis of following pictorial elements: Pattern:
- 12. INTERPRETATION: Photo interpretation is done on the basis of following pictorial elements: Size:
- 13. INTERPRETATION: Photo interpretation is done on the basis of following pictorial elements: Tone/Color :
- 14. INTERPRETATION: Photo interpretation is done on the basis of following pictorial elements: Shadow:
- 15. INTERPRETATION: Photo interpretation is done on the basis of following pictorial elements: Texture:
- 16. INTERPRETATION: Photo interpretation is done on the basis of following pictorial elements: Association/Site :
- 17. INTERPRETATION: Photo interpretation is done on the basis of following pictorial elements: Time:
- 18. INTERPRETATION: Photo interpretation is done on the basis of following pictorial elements: Sterio prospective:
- 19. THANKS