This document discusses the adverse effects and toxicity of nutraceuticals. It notes that while nutraceuticals may provide health benefits, numerous adverse effects have been reported from their use, including liver damage, allergic reactions, and psychiatric issues. The risks of toxicity increase with higher doses. Combination products and herbal supplements carry the highest risks, while vitamins and minerals generally pose less risk but can still cause issues in excessive amounts like iron overload. Soy protein and fish oil supplements also need to be taken in moderation to avoid potential side effects.

1. ADVERSE EFFECTS
AND
TOXICITY OF
NUTRACEUTICALS

2. The term nutraceutical was
coined by DeFelice to define
ANY SUBSTANCE THAT MAY
BE CONSIDERED A FOOD OR
PART OF A FOOD PROVIDING
MEDICAL OR HEALTH
BENEFITS.
BY PREETHI RATHINAM 2

3. Nutraceuticals may be useful for the
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF
DISEASE
Nutraceuticals are widely used.
Most cited reasons for taking
nutraceuticals were to IMPROVE
OVERALL HEALTH,MAINTAIN
HEALTH,AND ESPECIALLY AMONG
WOMEN,FOR BONE HEALTH.
BY PREETHI RATHINAM 3

4. By more than five-fold, the highest
incidence of health problems derived
from "combination products", whereas
supplements for vitamins and minerals,
lipid products, and herbal products
were less likely to cause adverse
effects.
BY PREETHI RATHINAM 4

5.  Despite this caution, numerous adverse effects
have been reported, including muscle cramps,
hair loss, joint pain, liver disease, and allergic
reactions, with 29% of the adverse effects
resulting in hospitalization, and 20% in serious
injuries or illnesses.
 The incidence of liver injury from herbal and
dietary supplements is about 16–20% of all
supplement products causing injury.
BY PREETHI RATHINAM 5

6.  The most common liver injuries from
weight loss and bodybuilding
supplements
involve hepatocellular damage with
resulting jaundice, and the most
common supplement ingredients
attributed to these injuries are green
tea catechins, anabolic steroids, and the
herbal extract.
 Weight loss supplements have also had
adverse psychiatric effects
BY PREETHI RATHINAM 6

7.  The intake of dietatary supplements is
generally safe , but not totally without
risk.various nutraceuticals have been
associated with more severe adverse
effects.
 THE POSSIBILITY OF TOXICITY
INCREASES WITH INCREASING
DOSE.
 Most supplement consumers actually
have excess vitamin and mineral intake.
BY PREETHI RATHINAM 7

8. VITAMIN AND MINERAL
SUPPLEMENTS
Taking nutraceuticals among deficiency
people could have beneficial health
effects including primary or secondary
prevention of chronic diseases.
Toxicity following consumption of water-
soluble vitamins is rare.
However, the photosensitivity and
neutrotoxicity have been reported.
BY PREETHI RATHINAM 8

9. O Polyneuropathy have been reported in elderly
patients consuming multivitamin supplements.
O An increasing risk of haemochromatosis (iron
storage disease) associated with liver injury
after excess consumption of iron is been
observed.
O Women consuming large amounts of vitamin A
supplements during pregnancy have been
reported to have increased incidence of
abnormalities in brith ones.
BY PREETHI RATHINAM 9

10. OMEGA – 3 FATTY ACIDS
 Polyunsaturated omega – 3 fatty acids
taken in the form of fish oils , krill oil
or mixtures of DHA AND EPA purified
from fish oils have become widely
utilized dietary supplements.
 Fish oil and omega -3 fatty acids are
well tolerated even at doses of 1-2000
mg/d.
 Simultaneous consumption of fish liver
oils which also contain vitamin a and
multivitamin supplements could result in
hypervitaminosis A.
BY PREETHI RATHINAM 10

11. PROTEIN POWDERS
Protein powders consisting of the
dairy proteins casein,whey and of
vegetable proteins in soy protein
isolate (spi) are popular
supplements among athletes and
body builders. Althrough
excessive consumption may result
in ketosis.BY PREETHI RATHINAM 11

12.  Soy protein supplements consumption can
reach potentially estrogenic levels in infants
and in children,men and post-menopausal
women.
 Concerns have focused on potential estrogenic
effects in early development resulting in
reproductive toxicity,infertility and increased
promotion of estrogen reponsive cancers such
as breast and endometrial cancer.
BY PREETHI RATHINAM 12

13. BY PREETHI RATHINAM 13