The document discusses adverb clauses, which modify the main clause by answering questions like why, when, or how. It provides examples of different types of adverb clauses including time, contrast, reason, purpose, and condition. It also covers the structure and punctuation of sentences containing adverb clauses.

2. ( )
ADVERB CLAUSE
USING SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTION

5. ( WHAT IS IT?
)
⊛An adverb clause is used to modify
the main clause
⊛It may answer the question
⊛Why
⊛When
⊛How

8. ( WHY ?
⊛We came home hungry because the
)
restaurant was closed.
⊛Why did we come home hungry?
⊛We came home hungry >> main
clause
⊛Because the restaurant was closed
>> adverb clause - answering the
question why

11. ( WHEN?
⊛After drought has happened for a
)
long time, famine ensues.
⊛When does famine ensue?
⊛Famine ensues >> main clause
⊛After drought has happened >>
adverb clause >> it answers the
question ‘when’

14. ( STRUCTURE
)
⊛Main clause
⊛Subordinating conjunction
⊛Adverb clause

16. The traffic becomes congested
when
it rains heavily.

17. ( Structure
)
The traffic becomes congested
when
it rains heavily.

18. The traffic becomes congested
when
it rains heavily.

20. ( PUNCTUATION
)
⊛When an adverb clause appears at
the beginning of a sentence, it is
usually separated from the main
clause by a comma.
⊛ Since he gains a lot of weight, he
decides to start working out.

23. ( PUNCTUATION
)
⊛A comma is usually not necessary
when the adverb clause follows the
main clause.
⊛I didn’t call you last night because
it was late.

26. 5 Types of
( )
Adverb
Clauses
Time
Contrast
Reason
Purpose
Condition

29. ( TIME
⊛Adverb clause - time - explains the
)
time/duration when the main
clause happens
⊛Answer the question ‘when’
⊛When it does not rain for a long
time, drought happens.
⊛When does drought happen?

32. ( ⊛When, before, after
TIME
)
⊛Whenever
⊛As soon as
⊛As, while
⊛Since
⊛Until

35. ( CONTRAST
)
⊛Unexpected result
⊛ Even though he worked very
hard, he did not get the
promotion.
⊛ Although he came early, he
missed the flight.

38. ( CONTRAST
)
⊛Although
⊛Even though
⊛Though

41. ( CONTRAST
)
⊛Direct contrast, opposite
⊛ While the central part of the
country was flooded, the north
remained dry.
⊛ Jack likes to play sports whereas
Jill prefers music.

44. ( CONTRAST
)
⊛While
⊛Whereas

47. ( REASON
⊛Answer the question why - cause
)
⊛The traffic is congested because
there is an accident.
⊛Why is the traffic congested?
⊛Since she studied hard, she
received a scholarship.
⊛Why did she receive a
scholarship?

50. ( REASON
)
⊛Because
⊛As
⊛Since

53. ( PURPOSE
)
⊛To answer why - result
⊛We must pay attention in class so
that we can pass the exam.
⊛I should not overspend in order
that I will not have credit card
debt in the future.

56. ( PURPOSE
)
⊛So that
⊛In order that

59. ( CONDITION
⊛The first conditional
⊛The situation is possible when the
)
condition is fulfilled
⊛If we study hard, we will get an A.
⊛Unless we are careful with our
money, we will have financial
difficulty.
⊛If/Unless + present tense, future
tense

62. ( CONDITIONS
⊛The second conditional
)
⊛The present situation is impossible
or unlikely to happen
⊛If I were taller, I would play
basketball.
⊛Unless we invited them, they
would not come to our party.
⊛If/Unless+ past tense, would + V1

65. ( CONDITIONS
⊛The third conditional
)
⊛The past situation is unreal
⊛If I had studied hard in high
school, I would have received a
scholarship.
⊛If/Unless + past perfect [had
+V3], would have + V3.

68. ( CONDITIONS
)
⊛If
⊛Unless